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'''Yaku''' (役) are specific hand patterns or conditions needed in order to score a hand.  In a sense, they are synonymous to "poker hands".  Yet, unlike poker hands, yaku are worth specific "[[scoring|han values]]"; and various yaku may be combined together into one hand. basic mahjong knowledge involves learning the yaku, but it is not expected of new players to know them.
'''Yaku''' {{kana|役}} are [[List of yaku|specific hand patterns or conditions]] needed in order to score a hand, analogous to [[wikipedia:List of poker hands|poker hands]]. Yaku are worth specific [[han]] values, and various yaku can be combined into one hand. Basic mahjong knowledge involves learning the yaku, but it is not expected of new players to know them.  '''Most importantly, every hand must include at least one yaku in order to count as a winning hand'''.


==The list==
==Han==
{{main|List of yaku}}
{{main|Scoring}}


This is a quick, short list of the yaku.
Each yaku is assigned a han value. Whenever a player wins, their hand's yaku are tallied up, and they score points based on the total amount of han. If a hand has multiple possible interpretations, the highest possible hand is scored.


===Yaku===
===Open vs closed===
{| class="wikitable sortable" width="100%"
{{main|Kuisagari}}
!width=10%|Japanese
A hand is considered open if it makes a [[naki|tile call]] from another player's discard. These include [[chii]], [[pon]], and open [[kan]]. Otherwise, it is closed.
!width=10%|Kanji
!width=10%|English
!width=70%|Explanation
{{term list
| Romaji    = [[Menzenchin tsumohou|Menzen tsumo]]
| Kanji      = 門前清自摸和
| English  = 
| Explanation = This yaku may apply to any closed hand.  Any player who draws a winning tile with a closed hand is awarded this yaku.
}}
{{term list
| Romaji    = [[Riichi]]
| Kanji      = 立直
| English  =
| Explanation = This is a special yaku applied to closed tenpai hands, which requires the player to make a declaration and "wager".
}}
{{term list
| Romaji    = [[Riichi#Ippatsu|Ippatsu]]
| Kanji      = 一発
| English  = 
| Explanation = This is applied when the player calling riichi wins within 4 tile draws/discards.  In addition, the cycle must not be interrupted by tile calls.
}}
{{term list
| Romaji    =[[Pinfu]]
| Kanji      = 平和
| English  = 
| Explanation = Typically known as "all sequences", this is a hand that does not gain fu based on composition, other than that of a closed ron.
}}
{{term list
| Romaji    =[[Iipeikou]]
| Kanji      = 一盃口
| English  = 
| Explanation = This hand includes two identical sequences.
}}
{{term list
| Romaji    =[[Haitei raoyue]]
| Kanji      = 海底撈月
| English  = 
| Explanation = The hand is completed with the last tile on the wall.
}}
{{term list
| Romaji    = [[Houtei raoyui]]
| Kanji      = 河底撈魚
| English  = 
| Explanation = The hand is completed with the very last discarded tile.
}}
{{term list
| Romaji    = [[Rinshan kaihou]]
| Kanji      = 嶺上開花
| English  = 
| Explanation = This yaku is awarded upon winning with a tile from the dead wall.
}}
{{term list
| Romaji    = [[Chankan]]
| Kanji      = 搶槓
| English  = 
| Explanation = The winning tile for a hand is called on another player's Kan. Essentially, the tile needed to complete a Kan is stolen to complete a winning hand.
}}
{{term list
| Romaji    = [[Tanyao]]
| Kanji      = 断幺九
| English  = 
| Explanation = A hand composed of only inside (numbers 2-8) tiles
}}
{{term list
| Romaji    = [[Yakuhai]]
| Kanji      = 役牌
| English  = 
| Explanation = A hand with at least one group of dragon tiles, seat wind, or round wind tiles.  This hand can be valued at 1 han for each group.
}}
{{term list
| Romaji    = [[Riichi#Double_riichi|Double riichi]]  
| Kanji      = ダブルリーチ
| English  = 
| Explanation = Riichi is declared with a dealt hand before the first discard.
}}
{{term list
| Romaji    = [[Chantaiyao|Chanta]]
| Kanji      = 全帯幺九
| English  =   
| Explanation = All melds contain at least 1 terminals or honor.
}}
{{term list
| Romaji    = [[Sanshoku doujun|Sanshoku]]
| Kanji      = 三色同順
| English  =   
| Explanation = Three sequences have the same number across the three different suits.
}}
{{term list
| Romaji    = [[Ittsu]]
| Kanji      = 一通貫
| English  = 
| Explanation = This hand has a complete sequence of 1 through 9 of a single suit.  As a note, the sequence of 1-9 are actually three groups of sequences numbered 123, 456, and 789.
}}
{{term list
| Romaji    = [[Toitoi]]
| Kanji      = 対々
| English  = 
| Explanation = The entire hand is composed of triplets.
}}
{{term list
| Romaji    = [[Sanankou]]
| Kanji      = 三暗刻
| English  = 
| Explanation = The hand includes three sets of triplets that have been formed without calling any tiles. The fourth set can be an open triplet or sequence.
}}
{{term list
| Romaji    = [[Sanshoku doukou]]
| Kanji      = 三色同刻
| English  = 
| Explanation = The hand includes three groups of triplets with the same number.
}}
{{term list
| Romaji    = [[Sankantsu]]
| Kanji      = 三槓子
| English  = 
| Explanation = Three kans are called for this hand.
}}
{{term list | Romaji    = [[Chiitoitsu]]
| Kanji      = 七対子
| English  = 
| Explanation = This hand is composed of seven pairs.  It is one of two exceptions to the standard 4 melds and a pair pattern.
}}
{{term list
| Romaji    = [[Honroutou]]
| Kanji      = 混老頭
| English  = 
| Explanation = The hand is composed of nothing but all terminals and honors.<br>† This hand may be considered as 4 han, because it is impossible to score this hand without either chii toitsu or toi toi.
}}
{{term list
| Romaji    = [[Shousangen]]
| Kanji      = 小三元
| English  =
| Explanation = The hand contains two sets of 3 dragon tiles and a pair of the third dragon tiles.<br>† This hand may be considered as 4 han, because it is impossible to score this hand without two sets of yakuhai, from the two sets of dragons.
}}
{{term list
| Romaji    = [[Honitsu]]
| Kanji      = 混一色
| English  =   
| Explanation =This is a single suit hand mixed with some honor tiles.
}}
{{term list
| Romaji    = [[Junchan taiyao|Junchan]]
| Kanji      = 純全帯么
| English  =   
| Explanation =All sets contain at least one terminal.
}}
{{term list
| Romaji    = [[Ryanpeikou]]
| Kanji      = 二盃口
| English  = 
| Explanation =This hand has two sets of "[[Iipeikou|iipeikou]]".  This hand does not combine with chii toitsu, even though the hand can be interpreted as one.
}}
{{term list
| Romaji    = [[Chinitsu]]
| Kanji      = 清一色
| English  =   
| Explanation = This hand is composed entirely of tiles from only one of the three suits.  It is the only yaku set at 6 han, where the number drops to 5 han when opened.
}}
{{term list
| Romaji    = [[Nagashi mangan]]
| Kanji      = 流し満貫
| English  = 
| tilepattern =
| Explanation = All the discards are terminals and/or honors.  In addition, none of these discards were called by other players.
}}
|}<!--Do not delete this line-->


===Yakuman===
Some yaku can only be scored closed; they are invalidated when the hand opens. Other yaku reduce in value if part of an open hand. The rest of the yaku score the same regardless if a hand is open or closed.
{| class="wikitable sortable" width="100%"
 
!width=10%|Japanese
==Nomi==
!width=10%|Kanji
'''Nomi''' {{kana|ノミ}} is a hand that contains only one yaku and no [[dora]]. For example, '''riichi nomi''' {{kana|リーチノミ}} means "riichi only". The term is mostly used for low value yaku, like [[tanyao]] and [[pinfu]]. It is acceptable to use it for higher value yaku, like [[chinitsu]], but this is rarely done. The term is not used for [[yakuman]], due to their value.
!width=10%|English
 
!width=70%|Explanation
== Yaku types ==
{{term list
[[Image:Yaku example 00.png|right|250px]]
| Romaji    = [[Kazoe yakuman]]
[[Image:Yaku example 01.png|right|250px]]
| Kanji      = 数え役満
[[Image:Yaku example 02.png|right|250px]]
| English  =  
[[Image:Yaku example 03.png|right|250px]]
| Explanation = This is a special class of yakuman, where a hand is composed of 13+ han based on the combination of above regular yaku and/or [[Dora|dora]].
[[Image:Yaku example 04.png|right|250px]]
}}
[[Image:Yaku example 05.png|right|250px]]
{{term list
[[Image:Yaku example 06.png|right|250px]]
| Romaji    = [[Kokushi musou]]
[[Image:Yaku example 07.png|right|250px]]
| Kanji      = 国士無双 or 国士無双１３面待ち
The different yaku focus on different types of patterns and circumstances.  They are mostly derived from the tiles within one's hand. A number of yaku also involve the state of one's hand pertaining to the timing of certain tile draws and discards.
| English  =
 
| Explanation = This hand has one of each of the 13 different terminal and honor tiles plus one extra terminal or honour tile.  Some rules may allow double yakuman for a 13-wait set.
=== Discard based ===
}}
These two are yaku because the hand is tenpai during specific discard timings. As a result, these two yaku can never be won via drawing a tile.
{{term list
 
| Romaji    = [[Suuankou]]  
* [[Chankan]]
| Kanji      = 四暗刻 or 四暗刻単騎
:Winning with a tile used for an [[shouminkan|added kan]] by another player.
| English  =
* [[Houtei raoyui]]
| Explanation = This hand is composed of four sets of closed triplets.  When this hand has a shanpon pattern and the win is via ron, then it would not be counted as suu ankou.
:Winning off of the last possible discarded tile for the hand.
}}
 
{{term list
=== Discretionary ===
| Romaji    = [[Daisangen]]  
* [[Riichi]]
| Kanji      = 大三元
: This is the only yaku by which players have the option to declare or not. Otherwise, hands may possibly [[damaten|win without it]], if it remains closed with other valid yaku.
| English  = 
* [[Double riichi]]
| Explanation = This has possesses three groups of all the dragons.
:This is essentially riichi, but with the added luck of the hand being tenpai upon the [[haipai|initial tile deal]], or the opening hand.
}}
 
{{term list
=== Draw based ===
| Romaji    = [[Kaze yakuman|Shousuushi]]  
These are yaku by virtue of the drawn tile.  Thus, these three can never be won [[Ron|directly from other players]].
| Kanji      = 小四喜
 
| English  =
* [[Haitei raoyue]]
| Explanation = This hand has three groups of the wind tiles plus a pair of the fourth kind.
:Winning with the last tile draw.
}}
* [[Menzenchin tsumohou]]
{{term list
:Drawing the winning tile with a closed hand.
| Romaji    = [[Kaze yakuman|Daisuushi]]
* [[Rinshan kaihou]]
| Kanji      = 大四喜
:Drawing a winning tile after a kan call.
| English  =
 
| Explanation = This hand has four groups of all four wind tiles.
=== Honor based ===
}}
Honor based tiles depends on the use of honor tile groups.  Each of these cases also are mixed with the numbered tiles.
{{term list
 
| Romaji    = [[Tsuuiisou]]
* [[Honitsu]]
| Kanji      = 字一色
:Honor tiles with one suit.
| English  = 
* [[Honroutou]]
| Explanation = Every group of tiles are composed of honor tiles.
:Honor tiles with terminals.
}}
* [[Shousangen]]
{{term list
:Specific collection of all three [[sangenpai|dragon types]].
| Romaji    = [[Chinroutou]]
* [[Tanyao]]
| Kanji      = 清老頭
:No honors or (terminal) are used.
| English  = 
* [[Yakuhai]]
| Explanation = Every group of tiles are composed of terminal tiles.
:Specific collection of any dragon, [[Jikaze|seat wind]], or round wind tiles.
}}
 
{{term list
=== Riichi dependent ===
| Romaji    = [[Ryuuiisou]]  
Ippatsu cannot occur without a call for riichi.
| Kanji      = 緑一色
 
| English  = 
* [[Ippatsu]]
| Explanation = A hand composed entirely of green tiles: 2, 3, 4, 6 and 8 Sou and/or Hatsu.
:Winning on or before the next tile draw after riichi.
}}
 
{{term list
=== Sequential ===
| Romaji    = [[Chuuren poutou]]
These yaku require [[shuntsu|sequential]] tile groups.
| Kanji      = 九連宝燈 or 純正九蓮宝燈
 
| English  = 
* [[Iipeikou]]
| Explanation = A hand consisting of the tiles 1112345678999 in the same suit plus any one extra tile of the same suit.
: By definition, this yaku uses two-identical sequences.
}}
* [[Ittsu]]
{{term list
: A complete string of 1-9 tiles, arranged into sequences of: 123, 456, and 789.
| Romaji    = [[Suukantsu]]
* [[Pinfu]]
| Kanji      = 四槓子
: Every tile group must be a sequence (among other conditions).
| English  = 
* [[Ryanpeikou]]
| Explanation = This hand with four Kan's.
: By definition, this yaku uses two-identical sequences two times.
}}
* [[Sanshoku]]
{{term list | Romaji    = [[Tenhou (yakuman)|Tenhou]]
: By definition, this yaku uses three identically numbered sequences across the three suits.
| Kanji      = 天和
 
| English  =
=== Terminal based ===
| Explanation = The dealer hand is a winning hand even before discarding a tile.
These yaku revolve around [[routouhai|terminals]], or complete lack thereof.
}}
 
{{term list
* [[Chanta]]
| Romaji    = [[Chiihou]]
:Every tile group with an honor or terminal.
| Kanji      = 地和
* [[Honroutou]]
| English  =  
:Only honor and terminal groups.
| Explanation = The non-dealer hand is a winning hand after the first draw.
* [[Junchan]]
}}
:Every tile group with a terminal.
|}<!--Do not delete this line-->
* [[Nagashi mangan]]
:Every discarded tile is either a [[terminal]] or [[honor]]
* [[Tanyao]]
:No terminals (or honors) are used.
 
=== Triplet based ===
These yaku require at least one [[Koutsu|triplet]] in order to be valid.
* [[Sanankou]]
: Three closed triplets.
* [[Sankantsu]]
: Requires three [[kan|quads]], which are considered as triplets plus one extra.
* [[Sanshoku doukou]]
: Needs three identically numbered triplets across the three suits.
* [[Shousangen]]
: Triplets of [[sangenpai|dragon tiles]].
* [[Toitoi]]
: Every tile group is a triplet.
* [[Yakuhai]]
: Counted when the hand contains a triplet of a valid honor tile, namely: any dragon triplet, appropriate [[Jikaze|seat wind]], or the current [[Jikaze|round wind]].
 
=== Suit based ===
 
* [[Honiisou]]
: All tiles are the same suit or honor tiles.
* [[Chiniisou]]
: All tiles are the same suit.
 
=== Yakuman ===
{{main|Yakuman}}
Yakuman is a special class of yaku, by which the pattern itself is awarded the maximum point limit for a single hand pattern.  These are among the most difficult to complete; and players may treat them as special.
 
== Combining yaku ==
{{main|Yaku compatibility}}
Different yaku may be implemented into a single hand.  By doing so, the values applied to the different yaku also combine.  In short, they stack.  This aspect of the game is key towards developing larger scoring hands.  With [[dora]], the stacking effect becomes even greater.
 
== Optional yaku ==
{{main|Optional yaku}}
 
A list of '''optional yaku''' exist due to the game's complexity, which can further explore possible tile combinations and patterns. Regardless, the yaku list noted above is the more commonly accepted list.
 
== See Also ==
 
* [[List of yaku]]


==External links==
==External links==
 
{{jpwiki|役_(麻雀)}}
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_Mahjong_yaku Japanese mahjong yaku]
: Wikipedia listing
* [http://tenhou.net/sc/prof.html Yaku frequency among Tenhou.net players] ''(Japanese)''
* [http://tenhou.net/sc/prof.html Yaku frequency among Tenhou.net players] ''(Japanese)''
:Lists all the yaku occurrences in [[Tenhou.net]] by percentages and by room
:Lists all the yaku occurrences in [[Tenhou.net]] by percentages and by room
Line 270: Line 148:
[[Category:Terminology]]
[[Category:Terminology]]
[[Category:Yaku]]
[[Category:Yaku]]
 
[[Category:Scoring]]
{{Navbox yaku}}
{{Navbox yaku}}
{{Navbox yaku replays}}
Hordes
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