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Tenpai: Difference between revisions
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'''Tenpai''' {{kana| | '''Tenpai''' {{kana|テンパイ}} is state also referred to as a "ready hand". A hand is tenpai, or "ready", when only one more tile is needed to complete the hand. In other words, it progressed from [[Iishanten|1-shanten]] to effectively 0-shanten. The completion may be either done by draw and/or discard, where applicable. Tenpai does not require that the completed hand has a [[yaku]], although both a completed hand and a yaku are necessary to win. Having achieving tenpai is worth some points when a hand ends in [[ryuukyoku]]. | ||
The direct opposite of tenpai is '''noten''' {{kana| | The direct opposite of tenpai is '''noten''' {{kana|ノーテン}}. This word is a contraction of the English '''not tenpai'''. A hand in this state absolutely has no chance of winning upon the immediate draw or discard. Instead, it relies on further tile draws and discards to attain the state of tenpai. | ||
Overall, the recognition of a tenpai hand is one of the most important concepts of the game. Without this recognition, then a player lacks the ability to make the best decisions on which tiles to [[tile efficiency|best discard]]. | Overall, the recognition of a tenpai hand is one of the most important concepts of the game. Without this recognition, then a player lacks the ability to make the best decisions on which tiles to [[tile efficiency|best discard]]. | ||
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{{main|Karaten}} | {{main|Karaten}} | ||
[[Image:Dead Wait.png|thumb|right|250px|Example of a karaten riichi, with all waiting tiles circled in red.]] | [[Image:Dead Wait.png|thumb|right|250px|Example of a karaten riichi, with all waiting tiles circled in red.]] | ||
'''Karaten''' {{kana| | '''Karaten''' {{kana|カラテン}}, or '''empty tenpai''', is a state where a [[tenpai]] hand does not have the ability to win. If all four copies of each winning tile are in play, then it is considered karaten. These "visible tiles" may have been discarded, used as a dora indicator, or exist in one's own hand. Furthermore, they may be held in other player's hands or even reside within the dead wall. However, the latter case is beyond a player's visibility. | ||
==Keishiki tenpai== | ==Keishiki tenpai== | ||
{{main|Keishiki tenpai}} | {{main|Keishiki tenpai}} | ||
'''Keishiki tenpai''' {{kana|形式聴牌}}, or '''shaped tenpai''', applies to hands with no yaku. | '''Keishiki tenpai''' {{kana|形式聴牌}}, or '''shaped tenpai''', applies to tenpai hands with no yaku. While these hands cannot win normally, they are still considered tenpai for the tenpai vs noten payment done at ryuukyoku. Even if a hand has no built-in yaku, it may still win with a conditional yaku ([[haitei]], [[houtei]], [[chankan]], [[rinshan]]). | ||
This is a common pitfall for many beginners. | This is a common pitfall for many beginners. A new player might build a hand to tenpai, but due to limited knowledge of yaku, are unable to declare a win. Often the hand lacks yaku, otherwise, [[furiten]] may prevent ron. | ||
== Dead hand == | == Dead hand == | ||
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{{main|Naki}} | {{main|Naki}} | ||
'''Agari''' {{kana| | '''Agari''' {{kana|和がり}} is the general call for a winning hand. Two types of winning calls are more commonly used, depending on the source of the tile: | ||
* [[Ron]] - wins on discarded tiles | * [[Ron]] - wins on discarded tiles | ||
* [[Tsumo]] - wins on self-drawn tiles | * [[Tsumo]] - wins on self-drawn tiles | ||
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== Iishanten == | == Iishanten == | ||
{{main|Shanten}} | {{main|Shanten}} | ||
'''Iishanten''' | '''Iishanten''', or 1-shanten, is the state of the hand before attaining tenpai. While tenpai is 1-tile away from winning the hand, iishanten is 1-tile away from attaining tenpai. | ||
With regards to tenpai, this may be a critical juncture to the hand as, in order to attain tenpai, the player must discard a particular tile. Ideally, that tile should be a [[genbutsu|safe tile]]. Likewise, it may also be a point where the player needs to decide upon [[riichi]] or utilize [[damaten]] (or hidden tenpai). Regardless, when the hand is at iishanten, a player must be ready to anticipate these kinds of decisions, when tenpai does occur. | With regards to tenpai, this may be a critical juncture to the hand as, in order to attain tenpai, the player must discard a particular tile. Ideally, that tile should be a [[genbutsu|safe tile]]. Likewise, it may also be a point where the player needs to decide upon [[riichi]] or utilize [[damaten]] (or hidden tenpai). Regardless, when the hand is at iishanten, a player must be ready to anticipate these kinds of decisions, when tenpai does occur. | ||