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Kokushi | {{Infobox yaku | ||
|type = Yakuman | |||
|kanji = 国士無双<br>国士無双13面待ち | |||
|english = Thirteen orphans | |||
|value = Yakuman (closed only) | |||
|yakuSpeed = Slow | |||
|difficulty = Hard | |||
|yakuCombine = * [[Tenhou]] | |||
* [[Chihou]] | |||
|gameExample = * [http://tenhou.net/0/?log=2012070911gm-0009-7447-xe9631863dab1&tw=2&ts=1 Single wait] | |||
* [http://tenhou.net/0/?log=2014020614gm-0009-7447-66a016d0&tw=0&ts=5 Kokushi 13] | |||
}} | |||
'''Kokushi musou''' {{kana|国士無双}}, also simply known as '''kokushi''' or in English as '''thirteen orphans''', is one of the standard [[List of yaku#Yakuman|yakuman]] hands. It is one of the two exceptions of the "[[Mentsu|four tile groups and one pair]]" requirement for winning hands, the other being [[chiitoitsu]]. Kokushi requires having 13 unique [[terminal]]/[[honor]] tiles, and a duplicate of any of any one of these tiles. | |||
==Composition== | |||
Kokushi musou requires one of each [[terminal]] tile from each suit, and one of each of the [[jihai|honor tiles]]. The 14th tile must be a duplicate of any terminal or honor tile. These tiles are classed as '''yaochuuhai''' {{kana|幺九牌}}. Because the hand does not contain tile groups, the hand must be closed. | |||
If a player draws the thirteen different tile types before pairing any of them, then the hand is called '''kokushi musou juusan menmachi''' {{kana|国士無双13面待ち}}, or the [[Machi|kokushi musou 13 closed wait]]. Some rulesets count this type of hand as a [[multiple yakuman|double yakuman]]. | |||
==Tile diagram== | ==Tile diagram== | ||
{{#mjt: | The hand requires nothing but yaochuuhai. | ||
=== Kokushi musou single wait === | |||
{{#mjt: 1m19p19s12345667z}} Winning tile: {{#mjt: 9m}} | |||
=== Kokushi musou 13-way wait === | |||
{{#mjt: 19m19p19s1234567z}} Winning tile: Any one of the tiles shown here | |||
* Winning from this wait may be worth [[multiple yakuman|two yakuman]] in some rules. | |||
==Meaning and usage== | |||
The word ''kokushi'' can be translated as "distinguished citizen"; the word ''musou'' is often translated as "peerless". The word ''kokushi'' should not split up and expressed as "Koku shimusou". This is an incorrect spelling. | |||
==Development== | |||
Kokushi is one of the three '''yakuman gosanke''' {{kana|役満御三家}}, or "the three big families of yakuman", along with [[suuankou]] and [[daisangen]]. These are the three most common yakuman, which are still quite rare. Kokushi is the most common yakuman in [[sanma|3-player]], but in 4-player, it is overtaken by suuankou. | |||
Restricted as closed only, this hand must draw at least 12 of the 13 required tile types. If a pair exists within the hand upon [[tenpai]], then naturally, the hand is waiting on the last remaining tile type not yet in the hand. This hand will become [[karaten|impossible]] if all four of any of the tile types are no longer available. | |||
In order to reasonably develop this hand, your [[haipai|starting hand]] should contain many terminals, generally 9 or more. This gives the option to call [[Tochuu_ryuukyoku#Kyuushu_kyuuhai|kyuushu kyuuhai]], if no tiles have been called by others, and if the ruleset allows. Declining (or not having) this option puts the hand on the path to form the yakuman. | |||
===Attempting kokushi=== | |||
[[Image:Kokushi real.jpg|thumb|250px|right|Kokushi musou with real tiles.]] | |||
{| class="wikitable sortable" | |||
|- | |||
|+ Sample successful attempts | |||
|- | |||
! Hand !! Yaochuhai start !! Discard at tenpai !! Result !! Lobby !! Link | |||
|- | |||
|{{kyoku|E|2|1}} ||align=center| 9 ||align=center| 9th || Ron after 12th ||align=center| 上級 || [http://tenhou.net/0/?log=2014022507gm-0089-0000-x153cdcec9bf5&tw=0&ts=1] | |||
|- | |||
|{{kyoku|E|2|1}} ||align=center| 9 ||align=center| 6th || Ron after 6th ||align=center| 7447 || [http://tenhou.net/0/?log=2012070911gm-0009-7447-xe9631863dab1&tw=2&ts=1] | |||
|- | |||
|{{kyoku|S|3|0}}||align=center| 10 ||align=center| 4th || Ron after 5th ||align=center| 鳳凰 || [http://tenhou.net/0/?log=2014032419gm-00a9-0000-304bb5d3&tw=0&ts=9] | |||
|- | |||
|{{kyoku|S|1|2}} ||align=center| 8 ||align=center| 15th || Haitei ron ||align=center| 特上 || [http://tenhou.net/0/?log=2014040315gm-0029-0000-96396b84&tw=3&ts=2] | |||
|- | |||
|{{kyoku|S|4|0}} ||align=center| 7 ||align=center| 11th || Ron after 12th ||align=center| 上級 || [http://tenhou.net/0/?log=2013092014gm-0089-0000-x1e3685599969&tw=0&ts=9] | |||
|- | |||
|{{kyoku|S|2|0}} ||align=center| 11 ||align=center| 2nd || Ron after 2nd ||align=center| 7447 || [http://tenhou.net/0/?log=2013100905gm-0009-7447-xbe578c7d4e93&tw=1&ts=5] | |||
|- | |||
|{{kyoku|E|2|1}}||align=center| 9 ||align=center| 6th || Tsumo on 8th ||align=center| 鳳凰 || [http://tenhou.net/0/?log=2015042708gm-00a9-0000-02413cc0&tw=0&ts=4] | |||
|- | |||
|colspan=6 align=right|''Yaochuhai start includes the initial draw.'' | |||
|} | |||
Any player attempting kokushi musou makes the decision at the [[haipai|beginning]] of the hand. This will depend on a couple of conditions, the most important being the number of unique yaochuhai at the start. The point standing and the current [[kyoku|round]] also matter. Sometimes, players need a yakuman in order to win or [[Gyakuten|improve placement]]. | |||
* At 9 or less unique yaochuhai, the chance of winning, let alone the chance of reaching tenpai, are quite low. You should invoke a draw via [[Tochuu_ryuukyoku#Kyuushu_kyuuhai|kyuushu kyuuhai]], if able, unless you really need a big hand. | |||
* At 10 unique yaochuhai, it becomes more reasonable to go for the yakuman. Assuming you have a pair, the hand's [[ukeire]] is somewhat lower than a 2-shanten [[chiitoitsu]]. That is pretty decent when you consider the value of a yakuman hand. Though, if you need a quick hand (e.g. to improve placement when close to [[oorasu|all last]]), then a draw can be reasonable to invoke. | |||
* At 11 unique yaochuhai, the hand is at (or basically at) [[iishanten]], so you should usually go for kokushi. | |||
Also, if you are far ahead in the lead, then going for kokushi at 9 yaochuhai (or even less) can be considered. If it happens to succeed, you can possibly bankrupt a player and end the game. If it doesn't, then the tiles used to build kokushi are generally great for defense. | |||
=== 13-way wait development === | |||
Kokushi musou juusan menmachi is very rare. Out of all random tile draws that result in tenpai for kokushi, the chance of naturally drawing all 13 tiles without a single duplicate is approximately one in 9500 (~0.0106%). The only "consistent" way to achieve the double yakuman is to complete kokushi via tsumo, but discard the pair and hope to complete the hand while in furiten. | |||
===Kyuushu kyuuhai=== | |||
{{main|Tochuu ryuukyoku}} | |||
Realistic chances to complete kokushi musou may require a hand to begin with at least 9 yaochuhai. Even so, at this point, this gives a player the option to defer and abort the hand, rather than trying for kokushi. If a tile has been [[naki|called]] before your first turn, then kyuushu kyuuhai becomes unavailable. Also, some rulesets may disable the abortive draw. | |||
===Discard characteristics=== | |||
Kokushi has no use for tiles numbered 2-8, so those tiles will be discarded first. In particular, when middle tiles of all 3 suits are discarded early, then honor/terminal tiles are discarded from the hand afterwards, a player is likely aiming for kokushi. | |||
==Value== | |||
This hand is a yakuman hand. When dealer, the hand [[scoring|scores]] 48,000 points. For non-dealers, the hand scores 32,000. | |||
Certain rulesets may grant a double yakuman for the 13-wait variety. Some allow the double yakuman no matter what; a few require that the 13-sided wait is not in [[furiten]] for the double yakuman. The more common rule is to score the double yakuman no matter what. | |||
== Chankan rule variation == | |||
[[Image:Kokushi Denied.png|thumb|right|250px|Case where a [[kan|closed kan]] was declared during a [http://tenhou.net/0/?log=2013121107gm-0019-0000-b01e54cd&tw=1&ts=7 kokushi tenpai].]] | |||
Under some [[Rule variations#kokushi and chankan|rules]], a kokushi tenpai hand may win via [[chankan]] off a [[ankan|closed kan]] made with the winning tile. When allowed, this is an exception to the usual rule that [[ron]] may be called off of the tile used to form an [[shouminkan|added kan]], but not a closed kan. This rule, although not universal, is fairly common. | |||
==External links== | |||
{{jpwiki|国士無双}} | |||
* [http://osamuko.com/i-told-you-not-to-go-for-kokushi/ Kokushi advice] | |||
: [[Osamuko.com]] entry on Kokushi | |||
* [https://pathofhouou.blogspot.com/2020/04/analysis-kokushi-success-rates.html Stats on Kokushi win% for a given starting hand] | |||
: Path of Houou blog | |||
== | {{Youtube | ||
| url = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pYNz6IlzNfI | |||
| linkname = 【麻雀】沢崎誠の国士無双13面張!! | |||
| description = Kokushi 13, while furiten | |||
}} | |||
[[Category:Yakuman]] | |||
[[Category:Machi]] | |||
{{Navbox yaku}} | |||
{{Navbox machi}} |
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