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name the header "discard furiten" instead of "common case", since discard furiten is the class of furiten being talked about
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(name the header "discard furiten" instead of "common case", since discard furiten is the class of furiten being talked about)
 
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[[Image:Furiten.png|right|thumb|250px|[http://tenhou.net/0/?log=2012110112gm-0009-7447-14ec5c8d&tw=0&ts=4 Baiman tenpai], in furiten due to 9-sou in discard.  Ron cannot be called here.]]
[[Image:Furiten.png|right|thumb|250px|[http://tenhou.net/0/?log=2012110112gm-0009-7447-14ec5c8d&tw=0&ts=4 Baiman tenpai], in furiten due to 9-sou in discard.  Ron cannot be called here.]]
'''Furiten''' {{kana|振聴}} is a restriction applied to winning hands. While in furiten, the player loses the ability to declare [[ron|on player discards]] (ron).  However, the hand can still win by [[tsumo|self-draw]] (tsumo) given valid [[yaku]].  A hand in a [[tenpai]] state has a set of possible tile(s) for winning.  Primarily, the hand is marked as furiten, if any tile in that set is in the player's own discard.  Other cases involving riichi and temporary furiten are also applicable.
'''Furiten''' {{kana|振聴}} is a restriction applied to [[tenpai]] hands. While in furiten, the player loses the ability to declare a win on any player's [[ron|discard]] (ron). The most common form of furiten is with discards: if any tile the hand could have won off is in a player's discard pile, it is furiten. This includes any tiles [[naki|called by opponents]].  Other cases involving riichi and temporary furiten are also applicable.  Regardless, the hand can still win by [[tsumo|self-draw]] (tsumo) given valid [[yaku]].   


Furiten is translated as '''sacred discard''' in Chinese. In consequence, English terminology had made this the equivalent.  However, this translation bears no relation to the Japanese term ({{kana|振り聴牌}}: thrown-away tenpai).
This rule is often used for [[defense]] purposes to determine [[Genbutsu|safe tiles]]. Tiles with the furiten rule can be inferred via [[suji]], though this may not be guaranteed.


== Rule statement ==
== Rule statement ==
A hand in tenpai is in furiten in any of the following scenarios:
A hand in tenpai is in furiten in any of the following scenarios:


* At least one winning tile is in one's own discard pile.
* At least one winning tile is in one's own discard pile. This applies even if the hand could not actually win off that tile (due to lacking yaku).
* The hand is declared [[riichi]] and a winning tile is not claimed.
* The hand is declared [[riichi]] and the (first) winning tile is not claimed. This is known as permanent furiten.
* If the hand is not declared riichi, another player dicards a tile, and the winning tile is not claimed, then it can be in temporary furiten until the next turn.
* The hand is not declared riichi, another player discards a tile, and the winning tile is not claimed, even if the hand could not actually win. Then the hand is in temporary furiten and cannot ron until the player has discarded.


While in furiten, the hand is unable to call ron upon a discard. However, it is still winnable via self-draw, assuming the hand has valid yaku.
While in furiten, the hand is unable to call ron upon a discard. However, it is still winnable via self-draw, assuming the hand has valid yaku. Note: when any winning tile triggers furiten, the ''entire'' hand is furiten.


=== Own discard furiten ===
=== Discard furiten ===


{{Discard pile
{{Discard pile
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}}
}}


When a player is in furiten because of their own discard, it is sometimes called '''permanent furiten'''. This name is slightly misleading because a player can (unless they have declared riichi) change their waits to avoid this form of furiten.
The most common case of furiten involves a player's own discard. If a winning tile is in a player's discard, then the hand is in furiten.


All of a player's discards can be checked at any time during play, by looking at their discard pools and the rotated tiles in other players' tile calls. This leads to the most basic strategy to avoid dealing into a player's hand: tiles they have already discarded are guaranteed safe against a ron call from that player.
All of a player's discards can be checked at any time during play, by looking at their discard pools and the rotated tiles in other players' tile calls. This leads to the most basic strategy to avoid dealing into a player's hand: tiles they have already discarded are guaranteed to be safe against a ron call from that player.


During hand development, it is important to bear furiten in mind. Most of the time, if a hand gets to tenpai and is furiten at that point, it indicates that the hand was inefficiently developed. This is not always the case, as sometimes a player makes a tactically correct decision and finds themselves in furiten anyway.
During hand development, it is important to bear furiten in mind. Most of the time, if a hand gets to tenpai and is furiten at that point, it indicates that the hand was inefficiently developed. This is not always the case, as sometimes a player makes a tactically correct decision and finds themselves in furiten anyway.


The most common reason for furiten, however, is when a player is already tenpai with an open hand, and does not have a guaranteed yaku. While they may have a winning tile that provides them with a yaku, if that draw another tile which completes the hand without a yaku, then they will be forced into furiten on the next discard. This most commonly occurs with a [[shanpon]] wait, one pair of which would give [[yakuhai]], or with a [[ryanmen]] wait on 14 or 69 on a hand that would otherwise complete [[tanyao]].
The most common reason for furiten, however, is when a player is already tenpai with an open hand, and does not have a guaranteed yaku. While they may have a winning tile that provides them with a yaku, if they draw another tile which completes the hand without a yaku, then they will be forced into furiten on the next discard. This most commonly occurs when the hand has:
*A [[shanpon]] wait, with one tile completing a [[yakuhai]] triplet, and the other having no yaku.
*A [[ryanmen]] wait on 14 or 69 on a hand that would otherwise complete [[tanyao]].
These type of cases are known as [[atozuke]].


Finally, a player considering a [[daburu riichi|double riichi]] should carefully inspect their hand before discarding; if they had a complete hand to begin with, then being in furiten will add insult to the injury of having [[http://osamuko.com/delicious-riichi-button-must-click-it/ passed]] on a [[tenhou and chiihou|tenhou or chiihou tsumo]].
Finally, a player considering a [[daburu riichi|double riichi]] should carefully inspect their hand before discarding; if they had a complete hand to begin with, then being in furiten will add insult to the injury of having [[http://osamuko.com/delicious-riichi-button-must-click-it/ passed]] on a [[tenhou and chiihou|tenhou or chiihou tsumo]].
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=== Temporary furiten ===
=== Temporary furiten ===
[[Image:TempFuriten.png|thumb|right|250px|Ron declined, so [http://tenhou.net/0/?log=2014022617gm-0089-0000-ee8c6631&tw=2&ts=11 temporary furiten invoked] until the next own's tile draw.]]
[[Image:TempFuriten.png|thumb|right|250px|Ron declined, so [http://tenhou.net/0/?log=2014022617gm-0089-0000-ee8c6631&tw=2&ts=11 temporary furiten invoked] until the next own's tile draw.]]
Any player in tenpai has the option to ignore a winning tile. By declining a call for ron, the player then becomes temporarily furiten until their next discard. This is called '''temporary furiten''', as it expires shortly after it occurs. Although most of the time, it will apply to a discarded tile, it can also apply to a tile used to create a [[shouminkan]]. Temporary furiten cannot apply to a tile used to create an [[ankan]], as if a player can call ron on an ankan, then they have a single-sided [[kokushi musou]] wait (and even then, this is not permitted in [[Rule variations#Kokushi and chankan|all rulesets]]). If they decline a ron, then their hand is dead and cannot be completed.
Any player in tenpai has the option to ignore a winning tile. By declining a call for ron, the player then becomes temporarily furiten until their next discard. This is called '''temporary furiten''', as it expires shortly after it occurs. This applies to a discarded tile, as well as tiles used to create a [[shouminkan]]. [[Ankan]] are exempt: the only hand that can ron of an ankan is a single-sided [[kokushi musou]], and if ron happens to be skipped, the hand becomes impossible.


The primary purpose of the rule is to prevent a player from targeting a later player in the turn order. Once a player sees a tile discarded, they know that they can follow with the same tile and it will be safe.
The primary purpose of the rule is to prevent a player from targeting a later player in the turn order. Once a player sees a tile discarded, they know that they can follow with the same tile and it will be safe for that turn.


While this is often a mistake to enter temporary furiten, done by a player who does not know their waits correctly or is not paying attention, it may be done deliberately in order to achieve a higher scoring hand or to target a specific player. This becomes much more common in [[orasu]], where a player may gain little benefit from winning a hand that does not [[gyakuten|let them pass another player]]. Temporary furiten can also be entered by a player who does not have a guaranteed yaku, as described above. This is much less devastating than drawing the [[yasume]] tile, however, because it is only temporary.
While this is often a mistake to enter temporary furiten, done by a player who does not know their waits correctly or is not paying attention, it may be done deliberately in order to achieve a higher scoring hand or to target a specific player. This becomes much more common in [[orasu]], where a player may gain little benefit from winning a hand that does not [[gyakuten|let them pass another player]]. Temporary furiten can also be entered by a player who does not have a guaranteed yaku, as described above. This is much less devastating than drawing the [[yasume]] tile, however, because it is only temporary.
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Sometimes, it may be necessary to deliberately place the hand in furiten.  Often, this is the result of developing the hand and defending simultaneously.  To escape the bind applied by furiten, then the hand's [[machi|tile wait(s)]] must simply change by adjusting and changing the tiles in the hand with subsequent tile draws.  Of course, a player may place greater expectation on tsumo to win rather than ron.
Sometimes, it may be necessary to deliberately place the hand in furiten.  Often, this is the result of developing the hand and defending simultaneously.  To escape the bind applied by furiten, then the hand's [[machi|tile wait(s)]] must simply change by adjusting and changing the tiles in the hand with subsequent tile draws.  Of course, a player may place greater expectation on tsumo to win rather than ron.
On rare occasions, a player may hold a tenpai hand with [[damaten]].  The hand may invoke [[riichi]], but the player had chosen not to for some reason.  Eventually, a winning tile may arrive; and instead of declaring a win, the player opts to call riichi.  That instantly puts the hand in furiten opting to win by tsumo later.


=== Furiten tsumo ===
=== Furiten tsumo ===
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