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'''Japanese mahjong''' {{kana|麻雀、 麻将、 or マージャン}} is the Japanese varation to the 4-player table card game of mahjong, whose objective can be best described as a combination of gin rummy and poker. | <div style="float:right; margin:0 0 1em 1em;">__TOC__</div> | ||
'''Japanese mahjong''' {{kana|麻雀、 麻将、 or マージャン}} is the Japanese varation to the 4-player table card game of mahjong, whose objective can be best described as a combination of gin rummy and poker. Tiles are primarily used to play the game, and the game is available online. It can also be played with regular [[Mahjong_equipment#Playing_cards|mahjong playing cards]]. It's a four player game that combines the elements of calculation and strategy with the elements of risk assessment, observation skills, and luck. | |||
The Japanese variation is primarily played in Japan. Yet, it is available to everyone via a few Internet sites and video games. With the past 10 years or so, the game is spreading its way into Western cultures. While a few Westerners were exposed to the game prior to the creation of mahjong anime and manga, Western interest had significantly sparked a new wave of Western riichi players. The formation of play groups across North America and Europe is indicative of that trend. | The Japanese variation is primarily played in Japan. Yet, it is available to everyone via a few Internet sites and video games. With the past 10 years or so, the game is spreading its way into Western cultures. While a few Westerners were exposed to the game prior to the creation of mahjong anime and manga, Western interest had significantly sparked a new wave of Western riichi players. The formation of play groups across North America and Europe is indicative of that trend. | ||
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==Game development history== | ==Game development history== | ||
Mahjong overall is only a 100 year old game or so. Originating in China, the game managed to spread across the country, East Asia, and even to the United States during the 1920s. | Mahjong overall is only a 100 year old game or so. Originating in China, the game managed to spread across the country, East Asia, and even to the United States during the 1920s. The riichi variant itself only started emerging in Japan after World War 2. The modern variant today begain in the 1960's, while the addition of red 5's started appearing in the 1980's. | ||
===Main differences=== | ===Main differences=== | ||
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===Rules overview=== | ===Rules overview=== | ||
{{main|Rules overview}} | |||
Unfortunately, the rules to the game is complex. The basic game mechanics can be generally in compliance with other mahjong variants. | Unfortunately, the rules to the game is complex. The basic game mechanics can be generally in compliance with other mahjong variants. | ||
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*'''Consecutive same suit Sequences'''. Sequences must be in consecutive numbers per the following examples: | *'''Consecutive same suit Sequences'''. Sequences must be in consecutive numbers per the following examples: | ||
{| class=wikitable width | {| class=wikitable style="width:30%; min-width:215px;" | ||
! Closed !! Open | ! Closed !! Open | ||
|- | |- | ||
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*'''Same suit triplets'''. Triplets are three-of-a-kind. As such, the tiles must be of the same kind both in number and suit. Per examples: | *'''Same suit triplets'''. Triplets are three-of-a-kind. As such, the tiles must be of the same kind both in number and suit. Per examples: | ||
{| class=wikitable width | {| class=wikitable style="width:30%; min-width:215px;" | ||
! Closed !! Open | ! Closed !! Open | ||
|- | |- | ||
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==End of a hand== | ==End of a hand== | ||
The procedure of drawing, discarding, and maintaining a hand ends with many different scenarios. The ideal for any player is the completion of the hand and winning it. A hand may end when all the tiles, except for the dead-wall tiles, are drawn, or when a player chombos, meaning making an illegal play. After the end of the hand, points are exchanged accordingly. Then afterwards, the tiles are reshuffled to setup the next hand, or renchan. | The procedure of drawing, discarding, and maintaining a hand ends with many different scenarios. The ideal for any player is the completion of the hand and winning it. A hand may end when all the tiles, except for the dead-wall tiles, are drawn, or when a player chombos, meaning making an illegal play. After the end of the hand, points are exchanged accordingly. Then afterwards, the tiles are reshuffled to setup the next hand, or [[renchan]]. | ||
===Winning a hand=== | ===Winning a hand=== | ||
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The '''chombo''' is a penalty to the player, who performs specific illegal procedures. Other illegal procedures may be forgivable if done accidentally, like accidentally drawing a tile from a different part of the wall. However, things like cheating or winning without a yaku are more serious offenses. In the event of a chombo, the player must play out a penalty of points to the amount of a [[Scoring|mangan]]. Otherwise, the rules to chombo may be [[Rule_variations#Chombo|modified]]. A more common practice involves docking penalized points after the game to expedite it and not waste time enforcing the penalty. | The '''chombo''' is a penalty to the player, who performs specific illegal procedures. Other illegal procedures may be forgivable if done accidentally, like accidentally drawing a tile from a different part of the wall. However, things like cheating or winning without a yaku are more serious offenses. In the event of a chombo, the player must play out a penalty of points to the amount of a [[Scoring|mangan]]. Otherwise, the rules to chombo may be [[Rule_variations#Chombo|modified]]. A more common practice involves docking penalized points after the game to expedite it and not waste time enforcing the penalty. | ||
== | ==Hand scoring== | ||
{{main|Scoring|Han|Fu}} | {{main|Scoring|Han|Fu}} | ||
Winning hands are awarded points based on | Out of all the mahjong variants, this is the most complicated scoring system. Winning hands are awarded points based on their composition. So, the appropriate amount of points are exchanged between players according to the tables in the [[Scoring|scoring rules]] of the game. The scoring for this game features two variables: [[han]] and [[fu]]. These two factor into the game's scoring equation and other factors to generate the game's [[scoring table]]. Naturally, the point exchanges are already handled by software and mahjong game sites. Even some automatic tables are capable of scoring calculations. Otherwise, players go on to [[Score table memorization|memorize the point values]]. | ||
Dealers receive roughly 50% more points when winning than non-dealers. However, if a non-dealer wins by draw, then the dealer must pay roughly 50% while non-dealers pay roughly 25% each. The winner of a hand collects any riichi bets on the table and additional points allowed by [[honba]]. | Dealers receive roughly 50% more points when winning than non-dealers. However, if a non-dealer wins by draw, then the dealer must pay roughly 50% while non-dealers pay roughly 25% each. The winner of a hand collects any riichi bets on the table and additional points allowed by [[honba]]. | ||
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=== Tournaments === | === Tournaments === | ||
{{main|Mahjong tournaments}} | |||
=== Jansou === | === Jansou === | ||
[[Jansou]] are known as mahjong parlors. They're generally commercial establishments catered for mahjong play. Most jansou are located in Japan, but a small number are located in the United States. | [[Jansou]] are known as mahjong parlors. They're generally commercial establishments catered for mahjong play. Most jansou are located in Japan, but a small number are located in the United States. Typically, players enter these establishments to play with a fee. They typically apply their own [[Rule variations|game rules]]. | ||
=== Etiquette practices === | === Etiquette practices === | ||
{{main|Etiquette in mahjong}} | {{main|Etiquette in mahjong}} | ||
A number of etiquette guidelines are in place, both written and unwritten depending on the playing environment. Players are recommended to learn and take heed of these guidelines in order to maintain a positive game atmosphere. | |||
==Media== | ==Media== | ||
[[Image:Nintendo mahjong.jpg|thumb|right|250px|An old hand held Nintendo mahjong game.]] | [[Image:Nintendo mahjong.jpg|thumb|right|250px|An old hand held Nintendo mahjong game.]] | ||
===Blogs=== | |||
{{main|List of mahjong blogs}} | |||
Players have been writing about the game as they play it. Topics cover game activity, strategy, and overall experience. | |||
===Books=== | |||
{{main|List of mahjong books}} | |||
Books on various game subjects have been written. Many focus on player development regarding [[Mahjong strategy|game strategy and tactics]]. | |||
===Television=== | ===Television=== | ||
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* [http://www.ma-jan.or.jp/guide/game_rule.php Japanese Professional League rules] (''Japanese'') | * [http://www.ma-jan.or.jp/guide/game_rule.php Japanese Professional League rules] (''Japanese'') | ||
: JPML ruleset | : JPML ruleset | ||
* [http://www.osamuko.com Osamuko mahjong blog] | * [http://www.osamuko.com Osamuko mahjong blog] | ||
: A Japanese Mahjong blog for English speakers | : A Japanese Mahjong blog for English speakers | ||
* [ | * [https://mahjong-saikyosen.com/?page_id=365 Saikyosen rules] | ||
: Rules from the | : Rules from the annual [[Mahjong Saikyousen|Saikyousen tournament]] | ||
* [http://justanotherjapanesemahjongblog.blogspot.com/ Just Another Japanese Mahjong blog] | * [http://justanotherjapanesemahjongblog.blogspot.com/ Just Another Japanese Mahjong blog] | ||
: Another blog regarding various aspects of the game. | : Another blog regarding various aspects of the game. | ||
[[Category:Game rules]] | [[Category:Game rules|1]] | ||