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Japanese mahjong: Difference between revisions
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This rule forces players to take extra consideration, when making discards. Often, a player must have good reason to discard particular tiles, especially when they are already part of a meld. | This rule forces players to take extra consideration, when making discards. Often, a player must have good reason to discard particular tiles, especially when they are already part of a meld. | ||
==Hand development== | |||
{{main|Tile efficiency}} | |||
The process of drawing and discarding, as well as making claims to discard is the process of hand development. As a player, after the initial deal of hands, players have a ''start hand''. So, the aim of a player is to develop this hand into a ''complete hand''. A complete mahjong hand is composed of '''4 melds and a pair'''. The hand may be '''open''' or '''closed''' and have '''at [[Yaku|minimum 1-yaku]]'''. This is a total of 13 tiles plus 1 (the winning tile), like so: | |||
:{{#mjt:234m666s11p11666z}} Win with: {{#mjt:1p}} or {{#mjt:1z}} | |||
A hand that is one tile away from being complete is in ''tenpai''. A hand that is one tile away from ''tenpai'' is one ''shanten''. A hand that is two tiles away from ''tenpai'' is two ''shanten'', and so on. Experienced players may sense how likely they are to win a hand based on their initial ''shanten'' number. | |||
There are two notable '''exceptions''' to the 4 melds and a pair pattern. Players can try to form [[Chiitoitsu|seven pairs]] or the rare [[Kokushi musou|thirteen orphans]] hand. Both of these hands are closed by default. | |||
===Melds=== | |||
{{main|Mentsu}} | |||
Mentsu are the melds used to form mahjong hands. All individual melds must be composed of a single suit or type of mahjong tile. All melds, except kantsu, are composed of groups of 3 tiles. | |||
*'''Consecutive same suit Sequences'''. Sequences must be in consecutive numbers per the following examples: | |||
**{{#mjt:123m}} '''OR''' {{#mjt:123p}} | |||
**{{#mjt:456p}} '''OR''' {{#mjt:456s}} | |||
*'''Same suit triplets'''. Triplets are three-of-a-kind. As such, the tiles must be of the same kind both in number and suit. Per examples: | |||
**{{#mjt:111p}} | |||
**{{#mjt:333z}} | |||
*'''Same suit quads'''. [[Kan]] are four-of-a-kind. However, in an actual sense, quads actually count as three-of-a-kind plus one, where players are actually awarded special privileges for possessing four of one type of tile. | |||
===Quads=== | |||
{{main|Kan}} | |||
A special set of rules and procedures applies to [[kan]]. Aside from completing a quad from discards, a player may also have a complete meld of a quad in hand. This is a '''closed quad'''. Calling a ''kan'' is also applicable in this case, and upon doing so, a player can retain the state of a '''closed hand''', unless the hand was previously opened. ''This closed quad can only be called on the player's turn after the draw from the wall''. After the call, the player reveals proof of the quad; and then the quad is put to the side like any other called meld, and it is arranged in any of the three arrangements (being the first as preferable): | |||
*{{#mjt:0110z}} | |||
*{{#mjt:7007z}} | |||
*{{#mjt:0z111p}} | |||
Upon calling any ''kan'', a player gains the privilege of drawing an extra tile from the ''dead wall''. This is one of the first 4 tiles to the left of the ''dora-indicator''. Afterwards, if the the extra tile does not complete the hand, the player must discard and play moves on to the right. As a sidenote, for each call ''kan'', the player's tile count increases by 1 for each quad. Once again, a quad counts as a triplet plus one. | |||
Furthermore, when a player calls or declares a ''kan'', an additional ''dora indicator'' tile is flipped. This is called the ''kan dora''. Some rules may allow the ''kan dora'' to be flipped immediately after the ''kan'' call. Other rules have stricter procedures on when the ''kan dora'' tile is flipped. Some make the distinction between the open ''kan'' and the closed ''kan''. Finally, a tile is shifted from the end of the regular wall to the ''dead wall'', in order to maintain 14-tiles in the ''dead wall''. | |||
===Claiming discards=== | |||
{{main|Naki}} | |||
As part of the game, players have the ability to claim other player's discards. | |||
Finally, a hand is distinguishable between an '''open hand''' and '''closed hand'''. A closed hand is a player's hand, that had yet to make any claim on a discard. A hand in this state is fully concealed from the other players. In the event a player makes a claim on a discard, then the player's hand changes from a closed hand to an open hand. | |||
Usually, a player's hand value decreases in the event of an open hand, but this may not always be the case, especially for some ''yakuman'' hands. Japanese mahjong strategy centers on knowing when to appropriately make the above calls. Knowledge of the ''yaku'' plays a large part in this decision making process. | |||
==End of a hand== | ==End of a hand== | ||