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Japanese mahjong scoring rules: Difference between revisions
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[[Japanese mahjong]] features a very complex scoring system. | [[Image:Scoring Table.png|right|350px]] | ||
[[Japanese mahjong]] features a very complex scoring system. Nearly every mahjong hand has a value in terms of '''han''' and '''fu''', which are plugged into an [[#Calculating basic points|equation]] to derive the hand's points. Alternatively, a [[scoring table]] can be used to find a hand's point value directly. | |||
Generally, a game starts players with 25,000 points, with the goal of scoring at least 30,000 by the end for first place to declare victory. Both of these values can be changed; tournament play in particular often starts with 30,000 points. | |||
== Scoring factors == | |||
=== Han === | |||
'''Han''' {{kana|飜}} is the main portion of scoring. Each [[yaku]] is assigned a value in terms of han: most are valued at 1-2, going up to 6 han for closed [[chinitsu]]. Some yaku are worth -1 han with an open hand, and others cannot be scored at all with an open hand. Also, each [[dora]] in the hand grants +1 han. A hand's yaku and dora are added up to produce a total han value. | |||
Players are encouraged to know yaku, their han values, and how much points a given hand is worth. This knowledge may help with various game decisions, particularly when [[Riichi strategy|calling riichi]] or [[Betaori|abandoning the hand]]. | |||
As a general rule, for every +1 han, the hand roughly doubles in value until reaching 4 han. There is a "[[mangan|cap]]" at 2000 base points (5 han; 4 han 40+ fu); a hand that scores this much is called a [[mangan]] hand. Once reaching mangan, fu no longer matters for points, and han is reduced in value. | |||
=== Fu === | |||
{{main|Fu}} | |||
'''Fu''' {{kana|符}} (''pronounced as foo'') takes the hand composition into consideration in terms of [[mentsu|tile groups]], [[machi|wait patterns]] and/or win method. | |||
Every hand begins with a default of 20 fu. Any extra sources of fu are added, and then rounded up to the next multiple of 10. The exception is with [[chiitoitsu]] yaku, which is fixed to 25 fu (and not rounded). | |||
Fu does not impact scoring for hands that have at least 5 han. | |||
=== Yakuman === | |||
{{main|Yakuman}} | |||
The highest-scoring combinations are the yakuman patterns. A hand completing a yakuman is not scored for han and fu, but depending on the rules, it may be possible to combine multiple yakuman for an even larger hand. | |||
== Scoring procedure == | |||
=== Calculating basic points === | |||
To determine the point value of a hand, the following procedure is used: | To determine the point value of a hand, the following procedure is used: | ||
# If the hand is a [[List of yaku|yakuman]], then | # If the hand is a [[List of yaku|yakuman]], then the hand scores 8,000 basic points. | ||
# | ## If double yakuman are used, a double yakuman scores 16,000 basic points. If multiple (>2) yakuman are used, points are multiplied accordingly. | ||
# Otherwise, determine all of the hand's valid [[yaku]] and determine the amount of [[dora]]. Count the number of han from these sources. | |||
# | ## Some [[Yaku compatibility|yaku combinations]] such as [[chanta]] + [[junchan]] are not compatible with each other. | ||
# If the han count is more | # If the han count is 5 or more, then counting fu is no longer necessary. The hand is scored according to its han value: | ||
# If the han count is 4 or less, then count fu | ## 5 han: mangan hand worth 2,000 base points. | ||
# | ## 6-7 han: haneman hand worth 3,000 base points. | ||
## 8-10 han: baiman hand worth 4,000 base points. | |||
## 11-12 han: sanbaiman hand worth 6,000 base points. | |||
# If the han count is 4 or less, then count fu. | |||
## If the hand is not [[chiitoitsu|seven pairs]], round the fu up to the nearest 10. | |||
# To get the base points, plug in the equation <code>fu × 2<sup>(2 + han)</sup></code> | |||
# If playing with [[kiriage mangan]], round a 1,920-point hand up to a 2,000-point mangan. | |||
# In any case, if the base points value would be above 2,000 for a hand with 4 or fewer han, it is instead a 2,000-point mangan. | |||
=== Payment multipliers === | |||
After determining the basic points, multiply based on the status as dealer and no-dealer as well as the win by ron or tsumo. | |||
*When a non-dealer wins by tsumo, the player is paid 1 × basic points by the other non-dealers, and 2 × basic points by the dealer. | |||
*When a non-dealer wins by ron, the discarding player pays the winner 4 × basic points. | |||
*When the dealer goes out by tsumo, the player is paid 2 × basic points from all other players. | |||
*When the dealer goes out by ron, the discarding player pays the winner 6 × basic points. | |||
Each value to be paid is rounded up to the nearest 100. | |||
The numbers for a ron payment are obtained by having the ronned player pay every other players points. Because rounding is done after this reassignment of points, it is sometimes the case that a win by tsumo is worth a few hundred more points than a win by ron. | |||
=== Honba === | |||
{{main|Honba}} | |||
* | |||
* | In addition to the points for the hand, the winner is paid a small sum of points based on the number of honba counters on the table. Thus, as a hand is [[renchan|repeated]], its value goes up slowly. | ||
=== Oyakaburi === | |||
'''Oyakaburi''' 「親かぶり」 is when a non-dealer player wins by tsumo, causing the dealer to pay more than non-dealer players. This term usually refers to high value tsumos, which can cause the dealer to drop down placement. | |||
== Scoring Table == | |||
{{Main|Scoring table}} | |||
Since the han and fu equation is always the same, it is possible to use a scoring table to score the hand. Simply calculate the hand's han and fu, then find the values on the table. See [[scoring table]] for the actual table. | |||
For details on how to memorize scoring, see [[score table memorization]]. | |||
== End game score == | |||
{{main|Final scores}} | |||
At the end of the game, the raw points are used to calculate the end game score. These are the two or three digit +/- numbers used to reflect a player's score. For example: | |||
*A player ends the game with 40,000 points. | |||
*The starting value of 25,000 points is subtracted, leaving +15,000 points. | |||
*To make the values easier to read, 15,000 is divided by 1,000, for a value of +15.0 points. | |||
*This +15 value may be affected by [[uma]] (a bonus/penalty for placing 1st/2nd/etc.). | |||
== Aotenjou == | |||
{{main|Aotenjou}} | |||
[[Aotenjou]] is a rarely played variant which removes the [[mangan]] limit. Under aotenjou: | |||
*Each han doubles the hand value without limit. E.g., a 5 han 30 fu hand is 8000 in standard rules, and 15360 in aotenjou. | |||
*Fu matters even for hands with 5 or more han. | |||
*Yakuman are scored as 13-han yaku. | |||
==External links== | ==External links== | ||
[[Category: | {{jpwiki|麻雀の得点計算}} | ||
* [http://mahjong.onevis.net/ Online hand scoring calculator] | |||
* [https://scoringtrainer.konbamwa.net/ Hand scoring trainer] | |||
[[Category:Scoring]] | |||