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 * [http://tenhou.net/0/?log=2014020614gm-0009-7447-66a016d0&tw=0&ts=5 Kokushi 13]
 }}
-'''Kokushi musou''' (国士無双), also simply known as '''kokushi''', is one of the standard [[List of yaku#Yakuman|yakuman]] hands. This hand consists of one of each terminal tile from each suit and one of each honor tiles. The 14th tile must be a duplicate of any terminal or honor tile. If a player draws the thirteen different tile types before pairing any of them, then the hand is of the [[Machi|13 wait variety]], '''junsei kokushi musou''' (国士無双１３面待ち).  This hand is one of the two exceptions of the "four melds and one pair" rule of forming a hand, where the other exception is the [[chii toitsu]]. This hand is closed only.
+'''Kokushi musou''' {{kana|国士無双}}, also simply known as '''kokushi''' or in English as '''thirteen orphans''', is one of the standard [[List of yaku#Yakuman|yakuman]] hands. It is one of the two exceptions of the  "[[Mentsu|four tile groups and one pair]]" requirement for [[tenpai]] hands, where the other exception is [[chiitoitsu]]. Specifically, it involves 12 individual tiles and a pair.
+==Composition==
+Kokushi musou requires one of each [[terminal]] tile from each suit, and one of each of the [[jihai|honor tiles]]. The 14th tile must be a duplicate of any terminal or honor tile. These tiles are classed as '''yaochuuhai''' {{kana|幺九牌}}. Because the hand does not contain tile groups, the hand must be closed.
+If a player draws the thirteen different tile types before pairing any of them, then the hand is called '''kokushi musou juusan menmachi''' {{kana|国士無双１３面待ち}}, or the [[Machi|kokushi musou 13 closed wait]]. Some rulesets count this type of hand as a [[multiple yakuman|double yakuman]].
 ==Tile diagram==
+The hand requires nothing but yaochuuhai.
 === Kokushi musou single wait ===
@@ Line 23: / Line 29: @@
 {{#mjt: 19m19p19s1234567z}} Winning tile: Any one of the tiles shown here
-* Winning from this wait is worth two yakuman in some rules.
+* Winning from this wait may be worth [[multiple yakuman|two yakuman]] in some rules.
+==Meaning and usage==
+The word ''kokushi'' can be translated as "distinguished citizen"; the word ''musou'' is often translated as "peerless". The word ''kokushi'' should not split up and expressed as "Koku shimusou".  This is an incorrect spelling.
+==Development==
+Kokushi is one of the three '''yakuman gosanke''' {{kana|役満御三家}}, or "the three big families of yakuman", along with [[suuankou]] and [[daisangen]]. These are the three most common yakuman, which are still quite rare. Kokushi is the most common yakuman in [[sanma|3-player]], but in 4-player, it is overtaken by suuankou.
+Restricted as closed only, this hand must draw at least 12 of the 13 required tile types. If a pair exists within the hand upon [[tenpai]], then naturally, the hand is waiting on the last remaining tile type not yet in the hand. This hand will become [[karaten|impossible]] if all four of any of the tile types are no longer available.
+In order to reasonably develop this hand, your [[haipai|starting hand]] should contain many terminals, generally 9 or more. This gives the option to call [[Tochuu_ryuukyoku#Kyuushu_kyuuhai|kyuushu kyuuhai]], if no tiles have been called, and if the ruleset allows. Declining (or not having) this option puts the hand on the path to form the yakuman.
+===Attempting kokushi===
+[[Image:Kokushi real.jpg|thumb|250px|right|Kokushi musou with real tiles.]]
+{| class="wikitable sortable"
+|-
+|+ Sample successful attempts
+|-
+! Hand !! Yaochuhai start !! Discard at tenpai !! Result !! Lobby !! Link
+|-
+|{{kyoku|E|2|1}} ||align=center| 9 ||align=center| 9th || Ron after 12th ||align=center| 上級 || [http://tenhou.net/0/?log=2014022507gm-0089-0000-x153cdcec9bf5&tw=0&ts=1]
+|-
+|{{kyoku|E|2|1}} ||align=center| 9 ||align=center| 6th || Ron after 6th ||align=center| 7447 || [http://tenhou.net/0/?log=2012070911gm-0009-7447-xe9631863dab1&tw=2&ts=1]
+|-
+|{{kyoku|S|3|0}}||align=center| 10 ||align=center| 4th || Ron after 5th ||align=center| 鳳凰 || [http://tenhou.net/0/?log=2014032419gm-00a9-0000-304bb5d3&tw=0&ts=9]
+|-
+|{{kyoku|S|1|2}} ||align=center| 8 ||align=center| 15th || Haitei ron ||align=center| 特上 || [http://tenhou.net/0/?log=2014040315gm-0029-0000-96396b84&tw=3&ts=2]
+|-
+|{{kyoku|S|4|0}} ||align=center| 7 ||align=center| 11th || Ron after 12th ||align=center| 上級 || [http://tenhou.net/0/?log=2013092014gm-0089-0000-x1e3685599969&tw=0&ts=9]
+|-
+|{{kyoku|S|2|0}} ||align=center| 11 ||align=center| 2nd || Ron after 2nd ||align=center| 7447 || [http://tenhou.net/0/?log=2013100905gm-0009-7447-xbe578c7d4e93&tw=1&ts=5]
+|-
+|{{kyoku|E|2|1}}||align=center| 9 ||align=center| 6th || Tsumo on 8th ||align=center| 鳳凰 || [http://tenhou.net/0/?log=2015042708gm-00a9-0000-02413cc0&tw=0&ts=4]
+|-
+|colspan=6 align=right|''Yaochuhai start includes the initial draw.''
+|}
+Any player attempting kokushi musou makes the decision at the [[haipai|beginning]] of the hand. This will depend on a couple of conditions, the most important being the number  of unique yaochuhai at the start. The point standing and the current [[kyoku|round]] also matter. Sometimes, players need a yakuman in order to win or [[Gyakuten|improve placement]].
-==Formation==
+* At 9 or less unique yaochuhai, the chance of winning, let alone the chance of reaching tenpai, are quite low. You should invoke a draw via [[Tochuu_ryuukyoku#Kyuushu_kyuuhai|kyuushu kyuuhai]], if able, unless you really need a big hand.
-Restricted as closed only, this hand must draw at least 12 of the 13 tile types, among the honors and terminals.  If a pair exists within the hand upon [[tenpai]], then naturally, the hand is waiting on the last remaining tile type not yet in the hand. In turn, this hand will be deemed [[karaten|impossible for completion]], when all 4 of any of the tile types are no longer available.  Yet, if a player manages to develop the 13 wait variety, then this hand greatly increases its chances of completion, needing to simply pair any of the 13 types.
+* At 10 unique yaochuhai, it becomes more reasonable to go for the yakuman. Assuming you have a pair, the hand's [[ukeire]] is somewhat lower than a 2-shanten [[chiitoitsu]]. That is pretty decent when you consider the value of a yakuman hand. Though, if you need a quick hand (e.g. to improve placement when close to [[oorasu|all last]]), then a draw can be reasonable to invoke.
+* At 11 unique yaochuhai, the hand is at (or basically at) [[iishanten]], so you should usually go for kokushi.
-Reasonable development of this hand begins with a dealt set of tiles that gives a player the option to call [[Tochuu_ryuukoku#Kyuushuu_kyuuhai|kyuushuu kyuuhai]].  Declining this option puts the hand on the path to form this yakuman.
+Also, if you are far ahead in the lead, then going for kokushi at 9 yaochuhai (or even less) can be considered. If it happens to succeed, you can possibly bankrupt a player and end the game. If it doesn't, then the tiles used to build kokushi are generally great for defense.
-==Value==
+=== 13-way wait development ===
-This hand is a yakuman hand which automatically awards 32000 points to a non-dealer winner, or 48000 points to a dealer winner.
+Kokushi musou juusan menmachi is very rare. Out of all random tile draws that result in tenpai for kokushi, the chance of naturally drawing all 13 tiles without a single duplicate is approximately one in 9500 (~0.0106%). The only "consistent" way to achieve the double yakuman is to complete kokushi via tsumo, but discard the pair and hope to complete the hand while in furiten.
+===Kyuushu kyuuhai===
+{{main|Tochuu ryuukyoku}}
-==Meaning and usage==
+Realistic chances to complete kokushi musou may require a hand to begin with at least 9 yaochuhai.  Even so, at this point, this gives a player the option to defer and abort the hand, rather than trying for kokushi. If a tile has been [[naki|called]] before your first turn, then kyuushu kyuuhai becomes unavailable. Also, some rulesets may disable the abortive draw.
-The word ''kokushi'' can be translated as "distinguished citizen"; the word ''musou'' is often translated as "peerless". The word ''kokushi'' should not split up and expressed as "Koku shimusou".  This is an incorrect spelling.
-===Kyuushuu kyuuhai===
+==Value==
-{{main|Tochuu ryuukoku}}
+This hand is a yakuman hand.  When dealer, the hand [[scoring|scores]] 48,000 points. For non-dealers, the hand scores 32,000.
-Realistic chances to complete kokushi musou may require a hand to begin with at least 9 yaochuhai.  Even so, at this point, this gives a player the option to defer and abort the hand, rather than trying for kokushi.
+Certain rulesets may grant a double yakuman for the 13-wait variety. Some allow the double yakuman no matter what; a few require that the 13-sided wait is not in [[furiten]] for the double yakuman. The more common rule is to score the double yakuman no matter what.
-== Rule variation ==
+== Chankan rule variation ==
 [[Image:Kokushi Denied.png|thumb|right|250px|Case where a [[kan|closed kan]] was declared during a [http://tenhou.net/0/?log=2013121107gm-0019-0000-b01e54cd&tw=1&ts=7 kokushi tenpai].]]
-A kokushi tenpai hand may be awarded a win via [[chankan]], if another player calls an [[kan|ankan]] (closed kan) with that particular winning tile.  Thus, ron may be declared in that instance.  This is the only case where a tile may be taken from an closed kan.  However, this particular rule may be subject to variation, which may or may not allow the play to occur.
+Under some [[Rule variations#kokushi and chankan|rules]], a kokushi tenpai hand may win via [[chankan]] off a [[ankan|closed kan]] made with the winning tile.  When allowed, this is an exception to the usual rule that [[ron]] may be called off of the tile used to form an [[shouminkan|added kan]], but not a closed kan. This rule, although not universal, is fairly common.
 ==External links==
 {{jpwiki|国士無双}}
 * [http://osamuko.com/i-told-you-not-to-go-for-kokushi/ Kokushi advice]
-: Osamuko.com entry on Kokushi
+: [[Osamuko.com]] entry on Kokushi
+* [https://pathofhouou.blogspot.com/2020/04/analysis-kokushi-success-rates.html Stats on Kokushi win% for a given starting hand]
+: Path of Houou blog
+{{Youtube
+| url         = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pYNz6IlzNfI
+| linkname    = 【麻雀】沢崎誠の国士無双13面張！！
+| description = Kokushi 13, while furiten
+}}
 [[Category:Yakuman]]
+[[Category:Machi]]
 {{Navbox yaku}}
+{{Navbox machi}}