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List of terminology by alphabetical order: Difference between revisions

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List of terminology by alphabetical order (view source)

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Naturally, the featured game is Japanese mahjong.  Therefore, a multitude number of Japanese terminology are used.  The following list includes the Japanese terminology, English equivalent, and the terminology usage.
Naturally, the featured game is [[Japanese mahjong]].  Therefore, a multitude number of Japanese mahjong [[terminology]] and other general Japanese words are used.  The following list includes the Japanese terminology, English equivalent, and the terminology usage.  None of the [[yaku]] are listed here.  Instead, they have their own [[List of yaku|yaku list]].


{| class="wikitable sortable" width="100%"
For adding new words, use the [[template:term list|Term list template]].
!Japanese
 
!Kanji
==Terminology list==
!English
{{term list
!Explanation
|Romaji=[[Agari]]
|Kanji=和がり
|English=Win
|Explanation=Generic call for winning a hand.
}}
{{term list
|Romaji=[[Agaripai]]
|Kanji=和がり牌
|English=Winning tile
|Explanation=The 14th tile that completes a hand.
}}
{{Term list
| Romaji      = [[Agariyame]]
| Kanji      = 和了り止め
| English    =
| Explanation = An end game condition that allows the last dealer to declare the end of the game, when in possession of the first place position.
}}
{{term list
|Romaji=[[Aidayonken]]
|Kanji=間四軒
|English=Four in between
|Explanation=An interval of four between two discarded number tiles. Usually indicates dangerous waits. A discarded 1 and 6 make a 2—5 wait very probable.
}}
{{term list
|Romaji=[[Dora|Akapai]]
|Kanji=赤牌
|English=Red dora
|Explanation=Red tiles that count as Dora. Usually fives, but not always.
}}
{{term list
|Romaji=An
|Kanji=暗
|English=Closed, concealed
|Explanation=Means "dark", refers to tiles that are concealed in the hand.
}}
{{term list
|Romaji=[[Mentsu|Anjun]]
|Kanji=暗順
|English=Concealed sequence
|Explanation=Three self-drawn consecutive tiles of the same suit, used as one of the four tile groups in a regular hand. An open sequence would be a minjun, the general term for a sequence is shuntsu.
}}
{{term list
|Romaji=[[Ankan]]
|Kanji=暗槓
|English=Concealed kan
|Explanation=Four self-drawn identical tiles set aside as a [[Kan|kantsu]]. Declaring an ankan does not open the hand if it was previously closed.
}}
{{term list
{{term list
|Romaji=Aotenjou
|Romaji=[[Mentsu|Ankou]]
|Kanji=
|Kanji=暗刻
|English=Concealed triplet
|Explanation=Three self-drawn identical tiles, used as one of the four tile groups in a regular hand. Compare with the yaku names [[san ankou]] and [[suu ankou]]. An open triplet would be a minkou, and the general term for any triplet is koutsu.
}}
{{term list
|Romaji=[[Defense|Anpai]]
|Kanji=安牌
|English=Safe tile
|Explanation=Safe tile, or tiles not subject to ''agari'' (to be called as winning tiles).
}}
{{term list
|Romaji=[[Aotenjou]]
|Kanji=青天井
|English=No capping
|English=No capping
|Explanation=A rare rule which eliminates the score cappings ''mangan'', ''haneman'', etc., and scores all hands as (fu * 4 * 2^han).
|Explanation=A rarely used rule, which eliminates the score cappings ''mangan'', ''haneman'', etc., and scores all hands as directly with the [[Scoring|scoring formula]].
}}
{{term list
|Romaji=Ari
|Kanji=あり,アリ,有り
|English=In effect, on
|Explanation=States that the preceding rule is used, as in akadora ari for playing with red fives. Opposite of nashi.
}}
{{term list
|Romaji=Ari ari
|Kanji=アリアリ
|English=
|Explanation=Ruleset which allows [[kuitan]] and [[atozuke]]. Most common basic set of rules in Japan.
}}
{{term list
|Romaji=[[jantou|Atama]]
|Kanji=頭
|English=Pair, eye, head
|Explanation=The pair in a standard mahjong hand. Also "jantou".
}}
}}
{{term list
{{term list
|Romaji=Atozuke
|Romaji=[[Atamahane]]
|Kanji=
|Kanji=頭跳ね
|English=Head bump
|Explanation=A rule that allows only one Ron at a time; the closest to the discarder in turn order takes priority.
}}
{{term list
|Romaji=[[Atozuke]]
|Kanji=後付け
|English=After-attach
|English=After-attach
|Explanation=Allows a hand to win despite having no guaranteed yaku while in tenpai, as long as the winning tile generates a yaku. Opposite of ''sakizuke''.
|Explanation=Allows a hand to win despite having no guaranteed yaku while in tenpai, as long as the winning tile generates a yaku.
}}
{{term list
|Romaji=[[Genbutsu|Awaseuchi]]
|Kanji=合わせ打ち
|English=
|Explanation=Discarding the same tile as someone else, to avoid dealing into their hand.
}}
{{term list
|Romaji=[[Ba]]
|Kanji=場
|English=Wind round
|Explanation=A “wind round”, e.g. tonba (east round) or nanba (south round).
}}
{{Term list
| Romaji      = [[Baiman]]
| Kanji      = 倍満
| English    = Double slam
| Explanation = A hand worth 8 to 10 han.
}}
{{term list
|Romaji=[[Honitsu|Bakahon]] 
|Kanji=バカホン
|English=
|Explanation=Slang for ''honitsu nomi'' with no extra yaku or dora.
}}
{{term list
|Romaji=[[Jikaze|Bakaze]]
|Kanji=場風
|English=Round wind
|Explanation=Round wind.
}}
{{term list
|Romaji=Barai
|Kanji=払い
|English=Payment
|Explanation=A payment.  Also “furikomi”.
}}
{{term list
|Romaji=[[Honba|Basengo]]
|Kanji=場千五
|English=
|Explanation=A rule where each honba counter is worth of 1500 points instead of the regular 300 points.
}}
{{term list
|Romaji=Bazoro
|Kanji=場ゾロ
|English=
|Explanation=The two base Han used when calculating score, given by default rather than from yaku.
}}
{{term list
|Romaji=[[Betaori]]
|Kanji=ベタ降り
|English=Full defense
|Explanation=A strategy that focuses entirely on avoiding dealing into opponents’ hands, with no intention of developing one’s own hand.
}}
{{term list
|Romaji=[[Kan#Shouminkan|Chakan]]
|Kanji=加槓
|English=Added kan
|Explanation=A [[kan|kantsu]] that was upgraded from a [[Mentsu|minkou]].
}}
{{term list
|Romaji=[[Chii]]
|Kanji=チー
|English=
|Explanation=The call used to make a [[Mentsu|minjun]] from an opponent’s discard.
}}
{{term list
|Romaji=[[Chombo]]
|Kanji=冲合,錯和
|English=
|Explanation=A penalty, applied to particularly unacceptable mahjong plays, such as winning with an invalid hand or destroying the wall.  Typically, the penalty results in a [[Scoring|mangan]] payment to all players and restarts the current round.  Otherwise, penalty values may be subject to [[Rule variations|variation]].
}}
{{term list
|Romaji=[[Tanyao|Chunchan]]
|Kanji=中張
|English=Simples
|Explanation=The zone of tiles numbered from 2 through 8, representing tiles that can be grouped with tiles on each of its sides.
}}
{{Term list
| Romaji      =[[Tanyao|Chunchanhai]]
| Kanji      =中張牌
| English    =Simples
| Explanation =The tiles in the zone numbered from 2 through 8. See tanyao for related yaku. Opposite of "yaochuuhai".
}}
{{term list
|Romaji=[[Naki|Daburon]]
|Kanji=ダブロン
|English=Double ron
|Explanation=A rule that allows two people to simultaneously win from the same discarded tile.
}}
{{term list
|Romaji=[[Daiminkan]]
|Kanji=大明槓
|English=Open kan
|Explanation=A kan formed with possession of three tile types, and calling on the discarded fourth tile.
}}
{{term list
|Romaji=[[Damaten]]
|Kanji=黙聴
|English=Hidden tenpai
|Explanation=A tactic of holding [[tenpai]] without calling [[riichi]].
}}
{{term list
|Romaji=[[Digital|Dejitaru]]
|Kanji=デジタル
|English=Digital
|Explanation=A school of thought focused on the outcome of a game, explained by probability and statistics.
}}
{{Term list
| Romaji      = [[Dora]]
| Kanji      = ドラ
| English    = Bonus tile
| Explanation = A feature to the game which rewards [[scoring|han]] to a hand, while in possession of tiles indicated by the revealed tile from the [[dead wall]].
}}
{{term list
|Romaji=[[Dora|Dorahyouji]]
|Kanji=ドラ表示
|English=Dora indicator
|Explanation=The flipped tile on the dead wall, indicating the dora.
}}
{{Term list
| Romaji      = [[Enchousen]]
| Kanji      = 延長戦
| English    = Overtime
| Explanation = Extra game round, in the event where no player scores more than the target points at the end of a [[hanchan|normal game]].
}}
{{term list
|Romaji=[[Fu]]
|Kanji=符
|English=Mini-points
|Explanation=A unit used to measure the hand's score, based on [[mentsu|tile group]] and [[machi|wait]] composition.
}}
{{term list
|Romaji=Furikomi
|Kanji=振り込み
|English=Payment
|Explanation=A payment, also “barai”.
}}
{{term list
|Romaji=[[Furiten]]
|Kanji=振聴
|English=Sacred discard
|Explanation=A rule that disables a player's ability to win by discard, due to the presence of a winning tile in the discard and/or the declining of a win during riichi.
}}
{{term list
|Romaji=[[Naki|Fuuro]]
|Kanji=副露
|English=tile group
|Explanation=Calling of discarded tile or closed kan, also "naki".
}}
{{term list
|Romaji=[[Fu|Fuutei]]
|Kanji=副底
|English=Base fu
|Explanation=The 20 base Fu used when calculating score, given by default rather than from composition.
}}
{{term list
|Romaji=[[Genbutsu]]
|Kanji=現物
|English=Safe tile
|Explanation=A 100% safe tile.
}}
{{Term list
| Romaji      = [[Goumii]]
| Kanji      = ゴーミー
| English    = Trash, garbage
| Explanation = The cheapest tsumo value, of 500 points from the dealer and 300 points from the non-dealers.
}}
{{Term list
| Romaji      = Gukei
| Kanji      = 愚形
| English    = Bad shape
| Explanation = Any hand considered to posses a bad shape.
}}
{{Term list
| Romaji      = Gyakugiri
| Kanji      = 逆切り
| English    = Reverse cut
| Explanation = A suit of tiles being discarded in reverse suji order.
}}
{{Term list
| Romaji      = [[Gyakuten]]
| Kanji      = 逆転
| English    = Passing, reversal
| Explanation = Refers to a situation, where a player passes up another player in points, at the end of the game.
}}
{{term list
|Romaji=[[Haipai]]
|Kanji=配牌
|English=Start hand
|Explanation=The players' dealt tiles at the beginning of a hand.
}}
{{term list
|Romaji=[[Haitei|Haiteihai]]
|Kanji=海底牌
|English=Last draw
|Explanation=The last drawable tile in the wall.
}}
{{term list
|Romaji=[[Haiyama]]
|Kanji=牌山
|English=Wall
|Explanation=The walls from which tiles are drawn.
}}
{{term list
|Romaji=[[Han]]
|Kanji=飜
|English=
|Explanation=The hand value count based on yaku value and/or dora.
}}
{{term list
|Romaji=[[Hanchan]]
|Kanji=半荘
|English=Full East-South game
|Explanation=A game consisting of an East and South round.
}}
{{Term list
| Romaji      = [[Haneman]]
| Kanji      = 跳満
| English    = 1.5x Slam
| Explanation = A hand worth 6 or 7 han.
}}
{{term list
|Romaji=[[Tanki|Harabote]]
|Kanji=腹ボテ
|English=
|Explanation=A Shanpon or Tanki wait embedded inside a Shuntsu. For example, 4556 waiting on 5.
}}
{{Term list
| Romaji      = Hikkake
| Kanji      = 引っ掛け
| English    = Trap
| Explanation = Discard tiles indicating particular tiles as safe, when in fact, they are not - contrary to standard defense reading.
}}
{{term list
|Romaji=[[Scoring|Honba]]
|Kanji=本場
|English=Repeat counter
|Explanation=A counter to indicate the number of hands in-between winning hands, usually indicated by 100-point sticks.
}}
{{term list
|Romaji=[[Naki|Houjuu]]
|Kanji=放銃
|English=Deal in
|Explanation=To deal into a hand.
}}
{{term list
|Romaji=[[Agari|Houra]]
|Kanji=和了
|English=Woned (past tense)
|Explanation=To win a hand
}}
{{term list
|Romaji=[[Houtei|Houteihai]]
|Kanji=河底牌
|English=Last discard
|Explanation=The very last discarded tile for a hand, which may not subject to any tile calls other than "ron".
}}
{{term list
|Romaji=[[Hanchan|Iichan]]
|Kanji=一荘
|English=4 round game
|Explanation=A game consisting of East, South, West, and North rounds. More common in Chinese variants.
}}
{{term list
|Romaji=Ikasama
|Kanji=イカサマ
|English=
|Explanation=To cheat using sleight of hand, etc.
}}
{{term list
|Romaji=[[Inchiki|Inchiki]]
|Kanji=インチキ
|English=Rigging
|Explanation=Cheating by manipulating devices integral to the game (autodealer, game client) or outside it (cameras, telegraphs, radio).
}}
{{term list
|Romaji=[[Jansou]]
|Kanji=雀荘
|English=Mahjong parlor
|Explanation=A public place specifically used to host and cater mahjong play
}}
{{term list
|Romaji=[[Jantou]]
|Kanji=雀頭
|English=Pair, eye
|Explanation=The pair in a standard mahjong hand. Also “atama”.
}}
{{term list
|Romaji=[[Jigokumachi]]
|Kanji=地獄待ち
|English=Hell wait
|Explanation=A wait in which all but one of the winning tiles are visible or claimed.
}}
{{term list
|Romaji=[[Jihai]]
|Kanji=字牌
|English=Honor tiles
|Explanation=The honor tiles ([[sangenpai]] and [[kazehai]]).
}}
{{term list
|Romaji=[[Jikaze]]
|Kanji=自風
|English=Self wind
|Explanation=Your seat wind.
}}
{{term list
|Romaji=Jun
|Kanji=巡
|English=Turn
|Explanation=The turn number within a round.
}}
{{term list
|Romaji=[[Kabe]]
|Kanji=壁
|English=
|Explanation=A tile-counting technique that measures the possibility of someone making Shuntsu based on how many instances of a tile are visible.
}}
{{Term list
| Romaji      = [[Kan|Kakan]]
| Kanji      = 加槓
| English    = Upgraded kan
| Explanation = A kan that was upgraded from a tile grouped set, from a player's own draws or hand.
}}
{{term list
|Romaji=[[Kamicha]]
|Kanji=上家
|English=
|Explanation=The player to the left of one's perspective.
}}
{{Term list
| Romaji      = [[Kan|Kandora]]
| Kanji      = カンドラ
| English    = Added dora
| Explanation = Additional dora indicators, when the call for kan is invoked.
}}
{{Term list
| Romaji      = [[Atozuke|Kata agari]]
| Kanji      = 片和がり
| English    =
| Explanation = A hand tenpai for at least one invalid tile.
}}
{{Term list
| Romaji      = [[Suji|Kata suji]]
| Kanji      = 片筋
| English    = Half suji
| Explanation = An outer tile along a suji interval.
}}
{{Term list
| Romaji      = [[Kawa]]
| Kanji      = 河
| English    = Pond, Discard pile
| Explanation = Meaning "river".  This describes the discarded tiles.
}}
{{term list
|Romaji=[[Mentsu|Kantsu]]
|Kanji=槓子
|English=Quad
|Explanation=A tile group of four identical tiles, which must be [[kan|declared as kan]] to be counted as such.
}}
{{term list
|Romaji=[[Kanchan]]
|Kanji=嵌張
|English=Closed wait
|Explanation=A wait that completes the inside of a Shuntsu, like a 4-6 waiting on 5.
}}
{{term list
|Romaji=[[Dora|Kandora]]
|Kanji=カンドラ
|English=
|Explanation=Additional dora indicators revealed after calling [[kan]].
}}
{{term list
|Romaji=[[Tenpai|Karaten]]
|Kanji=カラテン
|English=Empty tenpai
|Explanation=The state of a [[tenpai]] hand, by which all available [[machi|waiting tiles]] are not available due to discards and/or [[dora|dora indicators]].
}}
{{term list
|Romaji=[[Kazehai]]
|Kanji=風牌
|English=Winds
|Explanation=Wind tiles.
}}
{{Term list
| Romaji      = [[Tenpai#Keishiki tenpai|Keishiki tenpai]]
| Kanji      = 形式聴牌
| English    =
| Explanation = A state of tenpai that contains no yaku.  As long as the hand is waiting for a tile that could exist anywhere outside a player's hand and calls, the hand is considered tenpai.
}}
{{term list
|Romaji=[[Defense|Kikenhai]]
|Kanji=危険牌
|English=Dangerous tile
|Explanation=Dangerous tile, or a tile that may be likely used by another player to win with.
}}
{{term list
|Romaji=[[Scoring|Kiriage Mangan]]
|Kanji=切り上げ満貫
|English=Rounded Mangan
|Explanation=A rule where 3 Han 60 Fu and 4 Han 30 Fu are rounded up to Mangan.
}}
{{term list
|Romaji=[[Kiru]]
|Kanji=切る
|English=Discard
|Explanation=To discard a tile.
}}
{{term list
|Romaji=[[Koutsu]]
|Kanji=刻子
|English=Triplet
|Explanation=A tile group of three identical tiles.
}}
{{term list
|Romaji=[[Kuikae]]
|Kanji=喰い替え
|English=
|Explanation=A rule that allows you to call a tile, then discard another tile that could have completed the tile group. For example, calling a 1 when you have 234 and then discard a 4.
}}
{{term list
|Romaji=[[Kuisagari]]
|Kanji=喰い下がり
|English=
|Explanation=A property of some [[yaku]] that reduces the han value by 1 when the hand is open.
}}
{{term list
|Romaji=[[Kuitan]]
|Kanji=喰い断
|English=Open tanyao
|Explanation=A rule that allows [[tanyao]] to be open.
}}
{{term list
|Romaji=[[Kyoku]]
|Kanji=局
|English=Round, Hand session
|Explanation=A portion of the game, starting from the dealing of tiles and ends with the declaration of a win, [[Tochuu ryuukyoku|aborted hand]], or [[ryuukyoku|draw]]. Examples: East Round 1.  South Round 2.
}}
{{term list
|Romaji=[[Machi]]
|Kanji=待ち
|English=Wait pattern
|Explanation=The tiles waiting for with a [[tenpai]] hand.
}}
{{Term list
| Romaji      = [[Mangan]]
| Kanji      = 満貫
| English    =
| Explanation = A cap applied to the [[Scoring|standard scoring equation]].  Hands worth 3 han 70+ fu. 4 han 40+ fu, or 5 han are valued at mangan.
}}
{{term list
|Romaji=[[Manzu]]
|Kanji=萬子
|English=Characters
|Explanation=One of the three numbered suits, consisting of a kanji number plus 萬, meaning 10000.
}}
{{term list
|Romaji=[[Mawashiuchi]]
|Kanji=回し打ち
|English=Avoidance play
|Explanation=The strategy of attempting to develop a hand, while discarding only safe tiles.
}}
{{term list
|Romaji=[[Honitsu|Menhon]]
|Kanji=メンホン
|English=
|Explanation=Abbreviation for [[Mentsumo|Menzen]]-[[Honitsu]], a Mixed-Flush hand in closed state.
}}
{{term list
|Romaji=[[Mentanpin]]
|Kanji=メンタンピン
|English=
|Explanation=Abbreviation for [[Mentsumo|Menzen]]-[[Tanyao]]-[[Pinfu]], a common set of yaku.
}}
{{term list
|Romaji=[[Mentsu]]
|Kanji=面子
|English=tile group, Group (tiles)
|Explanation=The tile groups: koutsu, shuntsu, and [[Kan|kantsu]].
}}
{{term list
|Romaji=[[Mentsumo|Menzen]]
|Kanji=門前
|English=Closed hand
|Explanation=A fully closed hand, thus no open tile groups.
}}
{{term list
|Romaji=[[Naki|Min]]
|Kanji=明
|English=Open
|Explanation=Meaning “light”, refers to tiles that have been exposed by calling.
}}
{{term list
|Romaji=[[Mentsu|Minjun]]
|Kanji=明順
|English=Open sequence
|Explanation=An open shuntsu, or a sequence of three consecutive tiles, formed by calling chii on the previously missing tile. A concealed shuntsu would be an anjun.
}}
{{term list
|Romaji=[[Mentsu|Minkou]]
|Kanji=明刻
|English=Open triplet
|Explanation=An open [[koutsu]] made by calling a discarded tile.
}}
{{Term list
| Romaji      = [[Minogashi]]
| Kanji      = 見逃し
| English    = Let free
| Explanation = The act of declining a winning tile.
}}
{{Term list
| Romaji      = [[Moupai]]
| Kanji      = 盲牌
| English    = Blind touch
| Explanation = The act of reading a tile by touch, instead of looking at the tile.
}}
{{term list
|Romaji=[[Suji|Naka suji]]
|Kanji=中筋
|English= Middle suji
|Explanation= The center number along a suji interval.
}}
{{term list
|Romaji=[[Naki]]
|Kanji=鳴き
|English=
|Explanation=Calling a discarded tile.
}}
{{term list
|Romaji=[[Kazehai|Nan]]
|Kanji=南
|English=South
|Explanation=South wind tile.
}}
{{term list
|Romaji=Nashi
|Kanji=なし,ナシ,無し
|English=Invalid, off
|Explanation=States that the preceding rule is not in effect.
:::For example, as in [[kuikae]] nashi for disallowing players to call a tile and immediately discard another tile which would have also completed the called tile group.
}}
{{term list
|Romaji=Nashi Nashi
|Kanji=ナシナシ
|English=
|Explanation=Ruleset which disallows [[kuitan]] and [[atozuke]]. Opposite of Ari Ari.
}}
{{term list
|Romaji=[[Nobetan]]
|Kanji=延べ単
|English=Extended [[tanki]]
|Explanation=A double Tanki wait, e.g. 4567 waiting on 4 or 7.
}}
{{Term list
| Romaji      = [[Nomi]]
| Kanji      = ノミ
| English    = Only
| Explanation = A term referring to a hand containing just a single [[yaku]] and no dora.  The term is not applicable to [[nagashi mangan]] or [[yakuman]].
}}
{{term list
|Romaji=[[Tenpai|Noten]]
|Kanji=ノーテン
|English= No tenpai
|Explanation=When your hand is not in tenpai at the end of the round.
}}
{{term list
|Romaji=[[Ryuukyoku|Noten bappu]]
|Kanji=ノーテン罰符
|English=Noten penalty
|Explanation=A payment made at the end of a round by those who are not in tenpai (or choose not to reveal their hands) to those who are in tenpai.
}}
{{term list
|Romaji=Nukidora
|Kanji=抜きドラ
|English=Extracted dora
|Explanation=A tile that counts as Dora when extracted from the hand, e.g. flower tiles or the Pei (North) in most three-player variants.
}}
{{term list
|Romaji=[[Occult|Okaruto]]
|Kanji=オカルト
|English=Occult, Superstition
|Explanation=A school of thought tying game outcome with luck, flow, mahjong demons, psychology, etc.
}}
{{term list
|Romaji=[[Uma|Oka]]
|Kanji=オカ
|English=Winner bonus
|Explanation=First place bonus applied when calculating [[scoring|uma]].
}}
{{term list
|Romaji=[[Riichi|Oikake riichi]]
|Kanji=追いかけリーチ
|English=Riichi roulette
|Explanation=To declare riichi after someone else rather than defend.
}}
{{term list
|Romaji=[[Kan|Okurikan]]
|Kanji=送り槓
|English=
|Explanation=Four tiles that could be called for kan, but rather left undeclared in order to use the tiles for other tile groups.
}}
{{term list
|Romaji=[[Kyoku|Oorasu]]
|Kanji=オーラス
|English=All last, Last hand
|Explanation=The final regular hand of a game.
}}
{{term list
|Romaji=[[Yakuhai|Otakaze]]
|Kanji=客風
|English=Off wind tiles
|Explanation=Non-bonus wind tiles. For example, if seated South in the East round, then Otakaze are West and North tiles.
}}
{{term list
|Romaji=Otoshi
|Kanji=落とし
|English=Dropping
|Explanation=The act of dropping a tile.
}}
{{term list
|Romaji=[[Oya]]
|Kanji=親
|English=Dealer
|Explanation=The dealer position, seated east
}}
{{term list
|Romaji=Pai
|Kanji=牌
|English=Draw
|Explanation=Generic term for a tile draw, usually attached to specific tile draws like "rinshanpai" or "haiteihai".
}}
{{term list
|Romaji=[[Pao]]
|Kanji=包
|English=
|Explanation=A property of certain yakuman that causes one person to be responsible for the whole payment if they discarded the tile that made it a yakuman.
}}
{{term list
|Romaji=[[Kazehai|Pei]]
|Kanji=北
|English=North
|Explanation=North wind tile.
}}
{{term list
|Romaji=[[Penchan]]
|Kanji=辺張
|English=End wait
|Explanation=A wait consisting of 12 waiting on 3, or 89 waiting on 7.
}}
{{term list
|Romaji=[[Pinzu]]
|Kanji=筒子
|English=Dots, Circles
|Explanation=The suit consisting of dot patterns.
}}
{{term list
|Romaji=[[Naki|Pon]]
|Kanji=ポン
|English=Open triplet
|Explanation=A tile call used to make a [[Mentsu|minkou]] from an opponent’s discard.
}}
{{term list
|Romaji=[[Renchan]]
|Kanji=連荘
|English=
|Explanation=A continuation of dealer position because the dealer either won or was tenpai at the end of the round.
}}
{{term list
|Romaji=Riipai
|Kanji=理牌
|English=Sorting
|Explanation=Arranging the tiles in your hand.
}}
{{term list
|Romaji=[[Rinshanpai]]
|Kanji=嶺上牌
|English=Dead wall draw
|Explanation=The tile drawn after making a Kan.
}}
{{term list
|Romaji=[[Ron]]
|Kanji=栄 or ロン
|English=Deal in
|Explanation=A win using an opponent’s discard.
}}
{{term list
|Romaji=[[Chinroutou|Routouhai]]
|Kanji=老頭牌
|English=Terminals
|Explanation=The tiles numbered 1 and 9.
}}
{{Term list
| Romaji      = [[Ryanhan shibari]]
| Kanji      = 二飜縛り
| English    = 2-han minimum
| Explanation = A minimum limit of 2-han is applied to winning hands.  Usually, this is applied when the honba count reaches 5.
}}
{{term list
|Romaji=[[Kanchan|Ryankan]]
|Kanji=両嵌
|English=
|Explanation=Two [[kanchan]] shaped taatsu merged together, e.g. 357 which can be completed by either 4 or 6.
}}
{{term list
|Romaji=[[Ryanmen]]
|Kanji=両面
|English=Open wait
|Explanation=A two-sided wait, like 56 waiting on 4 or 7.
}}
{{term list
|Romaji=[[Ryuukyoku]]
|Kanji=流局
|English=Drawn hand
|Explanation=The end of the hand, where every tile not in players' hands and the [[dead wall]] has been drawn and discarded; and no winning hand was determined.
}}
{{term list
|Romaji=Saikoro
|Kanji=骰子
|English=Dice
|Explanation=The dice, used to determine dealer position and wall breaks.
}}
{{Term list
| Romaji      = [[Sakigiri]]
| Kanji      = 先切り
| English    =
| Explanation = The act of discarding potentially dangerous tiles, before they actually become dangerous.
}}
{{term list
|Romaji=[[Atozuke|Sakizuke]]
|Kanji=先付け
|English=
|Explanation=Same as atozuke. Some people think that sakizuke is the opposite of atozuke, but that is incorrect.
}}
{{Term list
| Romaji      = [[Sanbaiman]]
| Kanji      = 三倍満
| English    =
| Explanation = A hand worth 11 or 12 han.
}}
{{term list
|Romaji=[[Jihai|Sangenpai]]
|Kanji=三元牌
|English=Dragons
|Explanation=The dragon tiles: [[Jihai|Haku, Hatsu, and Chun]].
}}
{{term list
|Romaji=[[Sanma]]
|Kanji=三麻
|English=Three player, 3P
|Explanation=The game played with three players.
}}
{{term list
|Romaji=[[Sashikomi]]
|Kanji=差し込み
|English=
|Explanation=Intentionally dealing into an opponent’s hand.
}}
{{Term list
| Romaji      = [[Senten]]
| Kanji      = センテン
| English    =
| Explanation = A 1,000 point hand.
}}
{{term list
|Romaji=[[Kazehai|Shaa]]
|Kanji=西
|English=West
|Explanation=The west tile.
}}
{{term list
|Romaji=[[Shanpon|Shabo]]
|Kanji=シャボ
|English=Dual pair
|Explanation=Abbreviation of shanpon.
}}
{{term list
|Romaji=[[Shanten]]
|Kanji=向聴
|English=
|Explanation=Number of tiles needed to reach [[tenpai]].
}}
{{term list
|Romaji=[[Shanpon]]
|Kanji=双ポン
|English=Dual pairs
|Explanation=A wait consisting of two pairs, one of which must be upgraded to a [[koutsu]].
}}
{{term list
|Romaji=Shibori
|Kanji=絞り
|English=
|Explanation=Holding on to tiles that an opponent would otherwise be likely [[Naki|to pon or chi]].
}}
{{term list
|Romaji=[[Shimocha]]
|Kanji=下家
|English=Right player
|Explanation=The player to the right.
}}
{{term list
|Romaji=[[Mahjong equipment|Shoku]]
|Kanji=色
|English=Color
|Explanation=Suit.  Literally means "color".
}}
{{term list
|Romaji=Shonpai
|Kanji=生牌
|English=Live tile
|Explanation=A tile that has not yet been discarded this round.
}}
{{term list
|Romaji=Shouhai
|Kanji=少牌
|English=Short hand
|Explanation=Having lesser tiles in hand.
}}
{{term list
|Romaji=[[Shuntsu]]
|Kanji=順子
|English=Sequence
|Explanation=This is the generic term for, three consecutive tiles of the same suit, whether open or closed. Chii is used to call a tile to complete a shuntsu and set it aside as a minjun (open). A concealed (closed) shuntsu is an anjun.
}}
{{term list
|Romaji=[[Tanyao|Shuupai]]
|Kanji=数牌
|English=Number tiles
|Explanation=The number tiles. Also “suupai”.
}}
{{term list
|Romaji=Somete
|Kanji=染め手
|English=Flushing hand
|Explanation=A common saying of flushing hand, usually Honitsu (Half Flush) and Chinitsu (Full Flush). Literally means "dyeing hand".
}}
{{term list
|Romaji=[[Souzu]]
|Kanji=索子
|English=Bamboo tiles
|Explanation=The suit consisting of patterns of bamboo sticks.
}}
{{term list
|Romaji=[[Suji]]
|Kanji=筋
|English=Tile interval
|Explanation=The tiles that complete [[ryanmen]] (open waits).  Means “muscle”.
}}
{{term list
|Romaji=[[Tanyao|Suupai]]
|Kanji=数牌
|English=Number tiles
|Explanation=The number tiles. Also “shuupai”.
}}
{{term list
|Romaji=[[Kawa|Suteru]]
|Kanji=捨てる
|English=To discard
|Explanation=To discard a tile.
}}
{{term list
|Romaji=Taahai
|Kanji=多牌
|English=Long hand
|Explanation=Having too many tiles in hand.
}}
{{term list
|Romaji=[[Taatsu]]
|Kanji=塔子
|English=Protogroup
|Explanation=Any tile pair that can be turned into a tile group, or [[Mentsu|shuntsu]], with one more tile. For example, 46 can be completed with a 5.
}}
{{term list
|Romaji=[[Yasume|Takame]]
|Kanji=高目
|English=
|Explanation=The specific tile with a multiple [[machi|tile wait]], during [[tenpai]], that would produce the most points.  Opposite of ''yasume''.
}}
{{term list
|Romaji=[[Tanyao|Tanyaohai]]
|Kanji=断幺牌
|English=Simples
|Explanation=The tiles numbered 2 through 8. Also “chunchan”.
}}
{{term list
|Romaji=[[Tanki]]
|Kanji=単騎
|English=Pair wait
|Explanation=A wait on a single tile to complete the pair.
}}
{{term list
|Romaji=Tedashi
|Kanji=手出し
|English=
|Explanation=To discard a tile originally from hand. Opposite of ''tsumogiri''.
}}
{{term list
|Romaji=[[Mahjong equipment|Tenbou]]
|Kanji=点棒
|English=Point sticks
|Explanation=Point sticks used for manual scoring.
}}
{{term list
|Romaji=[[Tenpai]]
|Kanji=聴牌
|English=Ready
|Explanation=A hand that needs only one tile to win.
}}
{{term list
|Romaji=[[Fu|Tenpane]]
|Kanji=テンパネ
|English=
|Explanation=The advantage of rounding up to the higher 10 fu mark, when just crossing the previous 10 fu.  Example: Being 2 fu above 30 fu, allowing an above rounding of 40 fu.
}}
{{Term list
| Romaji      = [[Tobi]]
| Kanji      = トビ
| English    = Bankrupt, Negative
| Explanation = The condition by which players points fall below zero (go into negative).
}}
{{term list
|Romaji=[[Tochuu ryuukyoku]]
|Kanji=途中流局
|English=Abortive draw
|Explanation=Specific conditions that immediately ends a [[kyoku|hand session]].
}}
{{term list
|Romaji=[[Toitsu]]
|Kanji=対子
|English=Pair
|Explanation=A pair of identical tiles.
}}
{{term list
|Romaji=[[Toimen]]
|Kanji=対面
|English=Across
|Explanation=The player sitting directly across from you.
}}
{{term list
|Romaji=[[Kazehai|Ton]]
|Kanji=東
|English=East
|Explanation=East wind tile.
}}
{{term list
|Romaji=[[Tonpuusen]]
|Kanji=東風戦
|English=East only round
|Explanation=A game consisting of an East only round.
}}
{{term list
|Romaji=[[Tsumo]]
|Kanji=自摸
|English=Self-draw
|Explanation= A self-drawn tile.  Also short for [[Menzenchin tsumohou]], or winning by self-draw.
}}
{{term list
|Romaji=Tsumogiri
|Kanji=ツモ切り
|English=
|Explanation=Discarding the tile that was just drawn. Opposite of ''tedashi''.
}}
{{term list
|Romaji=[[Ukeire]]
|Kanji=受け入れ
|English=
|Explanation=The tile count for a hand in order to reduce [[shanten]].
}}
{{term list
|Romaji=[[Scoring|Uma]]
|Kanji=ウマ
|English=+/-
|Explanation=An additional [[scoring|end game score]], calculated based on the ante, plus-minus adjustment, and game rank.
}}
{{term list
|Romaji=[[Uradora]]
|Kanji=裏ドラ
|English=Underneath dora
|Explanation=Additional dora located underneath previously revealed dora indicators, which can be earned by winning with [[riichi]].
}}
{{Term list
| Romaji      = [[Urasuji]]
| Kanji      = 裏筋
| English    = Back vein
| Explanation = The discarded tile that lies just outside of a dangerous wait, one count higher (or lower) and represent a kanchan wait being upgraded to a ryanmen one
}}
{{term list
|Romaji=[[Wanpai]]
|Kanji=王牌
|English=[[Dead wall]]
|Explanation=The “dead” section of wall that can’t be used except for Dora indicators and Kan draws.
}}
{{term list
|Romaji=[[Wareme]]
|Kanji=割れ目
|English=
|Explanation=A rule that doubles any payment involving the player whose wall was broken at the start of the hand.
}}
{{term list
|Romaji=[[Yakitori]]
|Kanji=焼き鳥
|English=Winless game
|Explanation=A game, by which a player did not win at least one hand during a [[hanchan|game]] .
}}
{{term list
|Romaji=[[Yaku]]
|Kanji=役
|English=Hand pattern
|Explanation=A required scoring pattern or condition in the hand that awards han, such as [[Tanyao]] or [[Toitoi]].
}}
{{Term list
| Romaji      = [[Yakuman]]
| Kanji      = 役満
| English    = Limit hand
| Explanation = A hand worth 13 han or more, or a specific pattern among the yakuman classed hand patterns.  Maximum points for a pattern is awarded without aotenjou applied.
}}
{{term list
|Romaji=[[Yama]]
|Kanji=山
|English=
|Explanation=The tile walls, literally means "mountains".
}}
{{Term list
| Romaji      = [[Yamagoshi]]
| Kanji      = 山越し
| English    =
| Explanation = A tactic of declining a winning tile, until after one's subsequent turn.
}}
{{Term list
| Romaji      = [[Damaten|Yamiten]]
| Kanji      = 闇聴
| English    =
| Explanation = Another word for "damaten".
}}
{{term list
|Romaji=[[Yaochuuhai]]
|Kanji=幺九牌
|English=1 and 9 tiles(?)
|Explanation=All tiles numbered 1 and 9 (routouhai) plus characters (jihai).
}}
{{term list
|Romaji=Yasude
|Kanji=安手
|English= Cheap hand
|Explanation=A low scoring hand.
}}
}}
|}
{{term list
<!--Remaining text entries brought to Kyuu's sandbox-->
|Romaji=[[Yasume]]
|Kanji=安目
|English=
|Explanation=The specific tile(s) in a [[machi|multiple wait]] that would produce the least points.  Oppose of ''takame''.
}}
{{term list
|Romaji=Zentsuppa
|Kanji=全ツッパ
|English=All out
|Explanation=A strategy that attempts to win a hand at all costs while ignoring the possibility of dealing into an opponent’s hand.
}}
 
==External links==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20130130023921/http://www.osamuko.com/big-list-of-japanese-mahjong-terminology/ Terminology list at Osamuko]
* [http://www.reachmahjong.com/home/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=99#A Terminology list at ReachMahjong]
 
[[Category:Terminology]]
Trejkaz
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