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'''Naki''' {{kana|鳴き}} are legal claims on immediately discarded tiles. The instant a discarded tile is declined for a claim, then it goes out of play and remains in the discard pile until the next hand. Discarded tiles gives players another source of tiles for hand completion, other than the regular wall. Upon claiming a discard, the player's hand is then considered to be '''open'''. As a consequence, the player loses the option to call [[riichi]], and the hand is not eligible for | '''Naki''' {{kana|鳴き}} are legal claims on immediately discarded tiles. The instant a discarded tile is declined for a claim, then it goes out of play and remains in the discard pile until the next hand. Discarded tiles gives players another source of tiles for hand completion, other than the regular wall. Upon claiming a discard, the player's hand is then considered to be '''open'''. As a consequence, the player loses the option to call [[riichi]], and the hand is not eligible for [[menzen tsumo]] or other closed only yaku. Yet, some yaku allow the use of open hands, but they [[#Kuisagari|decrease in value by 1-han]], when opened. | ||
Tiles used for open calls are placed to the side. When revealed, they are still part of a player's hand. However, once placed to the side, tiles used for open calls can no longer be changed. As a consequence, the number of tiles for discard selection in a player's hand decreases with each tile call. From thirteen tiles, the count decreases to ten after one call; to seven after two calls; to four after three calls; and finally, to one after four calls. With this, a player's ability to [[defense|defend]] is reduced with every tile call. | Tiles used for open calls are placed to the side. When revealed, they are still part of a player's hand. However, once placed to the side, tiles used for open calls can no longer be changed. As a consequence, the number of tiles for discard selection in a player's hand decreases with each tile call. From thirteen tiles, the count decreases to ten after one call; to seven after two calls; to four after three calls; and finally, to one after four calls. With this, a player's ability to [[defense|defend]] is reduced with every tile call. | ||
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As a general rule, tile calls apply to the tile immediately discarded. Naturally, players are not required to claim discarded tile; but they may do so under the condition of possessing 2 out of 3 tiles for a meld in the hand. Every discarded tile not claimed by discard remain in the discard piles, until the [[Japanese_mahjong#End_of_a_hand|end of the hand]]. | As a general rule, tile calls apply to the tile immediately discarded. Naturally, players are not required to claim discarded tile; but they may do so under the condition of possessing 2 out of 3 tiles for a meld in the hand. Every discarded tile not claimed by discard remain in the discard piles, until the [[Japanese_mahjong#End_of_a_hand|end of the hand]]. | ||
In addition, [[kuikae]] is an additional rule to tile calls. Players may have | In addition, [[kuikae]] is an additional rule to tile calls. Players may have tile groups within the hand; and a discarded tile may allow a tile claim. If a player wishes to create a meld (an open group) using tiles in hand that form a complete group with the discarded tile, then a player is not allowed to discard such a tile that would have completed the tile group that same turn. Concerned tiles can be thrown at the next or subsequent turns, or kept in hand for future use. | ||
==Tile calls== | ==Tile calls== | ||
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'''Kuisagari''' {{kana|喰い下がり}} is a property of some yaku to lose value when [[naki|called open]]. By calling on a discard and opening the hand, a player sacrifices the value of 1-han per yaku for the privilege. Sometimes, the devalue may be viewed as disadvantageous; but the sacrifice for losing han value may be gained in the form of faster hand development. If certain tiles may be previously discarded, a player may need to make the open call, or else risk not be able to finish the hand at all. With the use of [[dora]], the value loss from an open call is regained or deemed worthwhile. | '''Kuisagari''' {{kana|喰い下がり}} is a property of some yaku to lose value when [[naki|called open]]. By calling on a discard and opening the hand, a player sacrifices the value of 1-han per yaku for the privilege. Sometimes, the devalue may be viewed as disadvantageous; but the sacrifice for losing han value may be gained in the form of faster hand development. If certain tiles may be previously discarded, a player may need to make the open call, or else risk not be able to finish the hand at all. With the use of [[dora]], the value loss from an open call is regained or deemed worthwhile. | ||
Similarly, some yaku can be scored only with a closed hand. For some yaku, such as [[mentsumo]] or [[chiitoitsu]], this is necessarily the case based on their structure or nature | Similarly, some yaku can be scored only with a closed hand. For some yaku, such as [[mentsumo]] or [[chiitoitsu]], this is necessarily the case based on their structure or nature. For other yaku, such as [[iipeikou]], the requirement of a closed hand is entirely artificial. These yaku are not technically instances of kuisagari, because the yaku cannot be used to fulfill the yaku requirement of an open hand: they are not considered to be yaku worth 0 han. In doing so, yaku of the property loses value completely and may invoke possible unwinnable hands by lacking yaku. Additionally, for [[ryanpeikou]] in particular, if it were subject to kuisagari, it would score 2 han when open, but instead it is not scored at all in an open hand. | ||
Finally, some yaku are not affected by kuisagari. Even when open, they retain their original han value. These are [[yakuhai]], [[toitoi]], [[sanankou]], [[sanshoku doukou]], [[shousangen]], [[sankantsu]], as well as any [[yakuman]] that can be scored with an open hand. | Finally, some yaku are not affected by kuisagari. Even when open, they retain their original han value. These are [[yakuhai]], [[toitoi]], [[sanankou]], [[sanshoku doukou]], [[shousangen]], [[sankantsu]], as well as any [[yakuman]] that can be scored with an open hand. | ||
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== Other tile calls == | == Other tile calls == | ||
{| class="wikitable" width | {| class="wikitable" style="width:30%; min-width:250px;" | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Kan ||align=center| カン || Forming a quad | |nowrap| Kan ||align=center nowrap| カン || Forming a quad | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Kita ||align=center| キタ || Picking a North [[dora]] | |nowrap| Kita ||align=center nowrap| キタ || Picking a North [[dora]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Riichi ||align=center| リーチ || Ready hand declaration | |nowrap| Riichi ||align=center nowrap| リーチ || Ready hand declaration | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Tsumo ||align=center| ツモ || Win by self-draw | |nowrap| Tsumo ||align=center nowrap| ツモ || Win by self-draw | ||
|} | |} | ||
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===Tsumo=== | ===Tsumo=== | ||
'''Tsumo''' {{kana|ツモ}} is the declaration for winning by self-draw. This may apply to any hand, open or closed. With a closed hand, it also counts as for the yaku, [[mentsumo]]. Even when furiten, it is acceptable to win the hand. | '''Tsumo''' {{kana|ツモ}} is the declaration for winning by self-draw. This may apply to any hand, open or closed. With a closed hand, it also counts as for the yaku, [[mentsumo]]. Even when [[furiten]], it is acceptable to win the hand. | ||
== Open vs closed == | == Open vs closed == | ||
{{main|Haipai}} | {{main|Haipai}} | ||
With regards to mahjong hands, the common question looks to determine the best practices of opening or closing a hand. For starters, players should know the [[yaku]] and their han values. Essentially, this begs the question: "Is it worth opening the hand, or is it better to remain closed?" Naturally, there are advantages and disadvantages to either approach. For both cases, the speed at which a hand attains [[tenpai]] rests on this decision. | With regards to mahjong hands, the common question looks to determine the best practices of opening or closing a hand. For starters, players should know the [[yaku]] and their han values. Essentially, this begs the question: "Is it worth opening the hand, or is it better to remain closed?" Naturally, there are advantages and disadvantages to either approach. For both cases, the speed at which a hand attains [[tenpai]] rests on this decision. If a hand does not improve its [[shanten]] count, then it may not be worth calling, unless a specific goal is in mind. | ||
For various [[yakuman]] hands, it is certainly advantageous to make calls on specific tiles. The sheer difficulty of yakuman hands overall make it necessary to make use of tile calls to even come near completion, much less score one. | For various [[yakuman]] hands, it is certainly advantageous to make calls on specific tiles. The sheer difficulty of yakuman hands overall make it necessary to make use of tile calls to even come near completion, much less score one. | ||
== Strategy == | |||
{{main|Naki strategy}} | |||
==External links== | ==External links== | ||
[[Category:Terminology]] | [[Category:Terminology]] | ||
[[Category:Game rules]] | [[Category:Game rules]] | ||