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Given the complexity to the rules of [[Japanese mahjong]], the rules are even made more complicated by the existence of rule variations enforced among different groups and organizations. | Given the complexity to the rules of [[Japanese mahjong]], the rules are even made more complicated by the existence of rule variations enforced among different groups and organizations. | ||
== | ==Overview== | ||
The general rules of the game are complex enough. However, they are made even more complex, as various rules of the game can be toggled to different settings or simply by "on" or "off" (ari or nashi respectively). | |||
==Agari== | ==Agari== | ||
A set of variations dictate how hands produce winning hands. | |||
=== | ===Agariyame=== | ||
{{ | {{main|Agariyame}} | ||
}} | |||
* | Allow the dealer to end the hanchan prematurely, while in possession of the lead in the round [[Oorasu|South 4]] or in the [[West round]] after one hand has been played. | ||
* Lead – Allow the dealer to end the hanchan prematurely, with the last dealer is in the lead. | |||
* End – The dealer may end the game after one hand in the final round, regardless of point standing. | |||
* Nashi – The game must continue until the seat winds rotate again. | * Nashi – The game must continue until the seat winds rotate again. | ||
===Atozuke=== | |||
{{main|Atozuke}} | |||
Atozuke handles the rule for yakuless hands to gain yaku on discards. This is most common on hands waiting on more than two tiles, where one discarded tile produces yakuhai. | |||
* Ari – Allow the hand to gain yaku on the winning tile. | |||
* Nashi – Yaku must be embedded in the hand before the winning tile. | |||
===Double ron=== | ===Double ron=== | ||
Score two winning declarations at the same time. | Score two winning declarations at the same time. | ||
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* Check – Like ari, but the fourth player must reveal a non-winning hand, so that a [[triple ron]] can be avoided. | * Check – Like ari, but the fourth player must reveal a non-winning hand, so that a [[triple ron]] can be avoided. | ||
* Close – [[Atamahane]], or head bump. Only the first win closest to the discarder is recognized. | * Close – [[Atamahane]], or head bump. Only the first win closest to the discarder is recognized. | ||
* Far | * Far – Applying the head bump rule in reverse, where the player farther from the discarder overrides the closer player. | ||
===Furiten riichi=== | ===Furiten riichi=== | ||
{{main|Furiten}} | {{main|Furiten}} | ||
Allow players to declare riichi while they are furiten due to their own earlier discards. | Allow players to declare riichi while they are furiten due to their own earlier discards. | ||
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===Ryanhan shibari=== | ===Ryanhan shibari=== | ||
{{main|Ryanhan shibari}} | {{main|Ryanhan shibari}} | ||
Impose a two-han minimum at five or more honba (number of table counters). The two han must both come from yaku. | Impose a two-han minimum at five or more honba (number of table counters). The two han must both come from yaku. | ||
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===Triple ron=== | ===Triple ron=== | ||
Score three winning declarations at the same time. | Score three winning declarations at the same time. | ||
* Ari – | * Ari – The discarder of the winning tile must pay all three hands separately. See double ron ari for distribution of riichi sticks. | ||
* Atama – [[Atamahane]], or head bump. Only the first win to the discarder's right is recognized. | * Atama – [[Atamahane]], or head bump. Only the first win to the discarder's right is recognized. | ||
* Abort – | * Abort – No hands are scored, and instead, the hand is [[abortive draw|aborted]]. | ||
==Chombo== | ==Chombo== | ||
{{main|Chombo}} | {{main|Chombo}} | ||
Variations on chombo may involve its general usage. Common and casual games may not even enforce chombo due to the setting. On the other hand, high profile settings may require stricter enforcement and harsher point penalties. | Variations on chombo may involve its general usage. Common and casual games may not even enforce chombo due to the setting. On the other hand, high profile settings may require stricter enforcement and harsher point penalties. | ||
===Enforcement=== | ===Enforcement=== | ||
Point deductions may be applied immediately after the incident, the hand, or factored after the game to avoid time delay during the game. | Point deductions may be applied immediately after the incident, the hand, or factored after the game to avoid time delay during the game. | ||
* Immediate | * Immediate – Chombo applied immediately. | ||
* Hand | * Hand – Deduction after the hand. | ||
* Game | * Game – Deduction at the end of the game with raw points. | ||
* Uma | * Uma – Deduction applied after the calculation of the end game score. | ||
* Null | * Null – Chombo disregarded. | ||
===Points=== | ===Points=== | ||
Point variation on the penalty points may be applied. | Point variation on the penalty points may be applied. | ||
* Standard | * Standard – The penalized must pay the equivalent of a mangan tsumo, just only in reverse. | ||
* Mod | * Mod – Modified amounts to the point penalty may be specified. | ||
===Toppling tiles=== | ===Toppling tiles=== | ||
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==Dora== | ==Dora== | ||
{{main|Dora|Dora variations}} | {{main|Dora|Dora variations}} | ||
Variations on [[dora]] involves a few implementations; and they all affect the number of dora used. The most common variation involves the '''akadora''' (red five) regarding its inclusion or exclusion. Other variations places options on the kandora and even the uradora. Lesser variations may include additional '''dorahyouji''' (dora indicators) at the beginning of each hand. | Variations on [[dora]] involves a few implementations; and they all affect the number of dora used. The most common variation involves the '''akadora''' (red five) regarding its inclusion or exclusion. Other variations places options on the kandora and even the uradora. Lesser variations may include additional '''dorahyouji''' (dora indicators) at the beginning of each hand. | ||
==Furiten== | ==Furiten== | ||
{{main|Furiten}} | {{main|Furiten}} | ||
If a non-riichi player ignores a winning tile, then temporary furiten is applied. Different rules apply as to when this status wears off. | If a non-riichi player ignores a winning tile, then temporary furiten is applied. Different rules apply as to when this status wears off. | ||
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==Kuikae== | ==Kuikae== | ||
{{main|Kuikae}} | {{main|Kuikae}} | ||
This allows a player to call pon or chii on a tile, then afterwards discard the same tile, or a tile which would have completed the two revealed tiles at the other end of the sequence (switching chii). | This allows a player to call pon or chii on a tile, then afterwards discard the same tile, or a tile which would have completed the two revealed tiles at the other end of the sequence (switching chii). | ||
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==Kuitan== | ==Kuitan== | ||
{{main|Kuitan}} | {{main|Kuitan}} | ||
Allow the 1-han yaku tanyao (all simples) to be awarded to an open hand. | Allow the 1-han yaku tanyao (all simples) to be awarded to an open hand. | ||
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==Naki== | ==Naki== | ||
{{main|Naki}} | {{main|Naki}} | ||
Variation may apply on tile calls. If several players call chii, pon, or ron on the same tile, this rule decides who will get the tile. Kan calls are treated like pon calls. | Variation may apply on tile calls. If several players call chii, pon, or ron on the same tile, this rule decides who will get the tile. Kan calls are treated like pon calls. | ||
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==Scoring== | ==Scoring== | ||
{{main|Scoring variations}} | {{main|Scoring variations}} | ||
Scoring allows some flexibility to the rules regarding the start and end scores. Likewise, the oka and uma may be adjusted as well. | Scoring allows some flexibility to the rules regarding the start and end scores. Likewise, the oka and uma may be adjusted as well. | ||
==Tochuu | ==Tochuu ryuukyoku== | ||
{{main|Tochuu | {{main|Tochuu ryuukyoku}} | ||
Abort a hand and repeat it at the next honba (number of table counters) in case of nine terminals and honors, same wind discards, four riichi declarations, or four kantsu declarations. Some rules abort the hand upon a triple ron; that is not covered by this rule, instead see triple ron. | Abort a hand and repeat it at the next honba (number of table counters) in case of nine terminals and honors, same wind discards, four riichi declarations, or four kantsu declarations. Some rules abort the hand upon a triple ron; that is not covered by this rule, instead see triple ron. | ||
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==Yaku== | ==Yaku== | ||
{{main|Yaku variations}} | {{main|Yaku variations}} | ||
Different yaku may be subject to rule variation. Some are simply not considered standard. | Different yaku may be subject to rule variation. Some are simply not considered standard. | ||