Tenpai: Difference between revisions

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-'''Tenpai''' {{kana|テンパイ}} is also referred to as the "ready hand".  A hand is tenpai or "ready" when only one more tile is needed to complete the hand.  The completion may be either done by draw and/or discard, where applicable.  Tenpai does not require that the completed hand has a [[Yaku|yaku]], although both a completed hand and a yaku are necessary to win.  Having achieving tenpai is worth some points when a hand ends in [[ryuukyoku]].
+'''Tenpai''' {{kana|テンパイ}} is state also referred to as a "ready hand".  A hand is tenpai, or "ready", when only one more tile is needed to complete the hand. In other words, it progressed from [[Iishanten|1-shanten]] to effectively 0-shanten. The completion may be either done by draw and/or discard, where applicable.  Tenpai does not require that the completed hand has a [[yaku]], although both a completed hand and a yaku are necessary to win.  Having achieving tenpai is worth some points when a hand ends in [[ryuukyoku]].
-The direct opposite of tenpai is '''noten''' {{kana|ノテン}}.  This word is a contraction of the English '''not tenpai'''.  A hand in this state absolutely has no chance of winning upon the immediate draw or discard.  Instead, it relies on further tile draws and discards to attain the state of tenpai.
+The direct opposite of tenpai is '''noten''' {{kana|ノーテン}}.  This word is a contraction of the English '''not tenpai'''.  A hand in this state absolutely has no chance of winning upon the immediate draw or discard.  Instead, it relies on further tile draws and discards to attain the state of tenpai.
 Overall, the recognition of a tenpai hand is one of the most important concepts of the game.  Without this recognition, then a player lacks the ability to make the best decisions on which tiles to [[tile efficiency|best discard]].
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 == Karaten ==
+{{main|Karaten}}
 [[Image:Dead Wait.png|thumb|right|250px|Example of a karaten riichi, with all waiting tiles circled in red.]]
-'''Karaten''' {{kana|カラテン}}, or '''empty tenpai''', is a state where a tenpai hand does not have the ability to win.  This is due to unavailability of all instances of winning tiles.  The "visible tiles" may either be discarded, used as a dora indicator, or already exist in one's hand.  Furthermore, they may be held in other player's hands or even reside within the dead wall. However, the latter case is beyond a player's visibility.
+'''Karaten''' {{kana|カラテン}}, or '''empty tenpai''', is a state where a [[tenpai]] hand does not have the ability to win. If all four copies of each winning tile are in play, then it is considered karaten. These "visible tiles" may have been discarded, used as a dora indicator, or exist in one's own hand. Furthermore, they may be held in other player's hands or even reside within the dead wall. However, the latter case is beyond a player's visibility.
-===Keishiki tenpai===
+==Keishiki tenpai==
-'''Keishiki tenpai''' {{kana|形式聴牌}}, or '''shaped tenpai''', is a rule relating to answering the question "what constitutes a tenpai hand?" with quick certainty. As long as the hand is waiting for a tile that could exist anywhere outside a player's hand and calls, the hand is considered tenpai. This is a rule commonly announced by most organizations with their rulesets, covering a wide range of interest groups (pro leagues, jansous, overseas associations and clubs.
+{{main|Keishiki tenpai}}
+'''Keishiki tenpai''' {{kana|形式聴牌}}, or '''shaped tenpai''', applies to tenpai hands with no yaku. While these hands cannot win normally, they are still considered tenpai for the tenpai vs noten payment done at ryuukyoku. Even if a hand has no built-in yaku, it may still win with a conditional yaku ([[haitei]], [[houtei]], [[chankan]], [[rinshan]]).
-To put the rule another way, the hand cannot wait for a "fifth tile". A hand waiting for a fourth tile that is simply hidden, discarded or used by someone else remains a valid tenpai in all circumstances. A hand containing a 1-2 [[Penchan|penchan]] and a previously declared [[Kan|kan]] of 3-3-3-3 in the same suit, no more threes are available as winning tiles. Because of the prevalence of '''keishiki tenpai''', it is assumed that if the rule is different, it would be announced what qualifies as tenpai or not. As a precaution, it is almost always mentioned.
+This is a common pitfall for many beginners. A new player might build a hand to tenpai, but due to limited knowledge of yaku, are unable to declare a win. Often the hand lacks yaku, otherwise, [[furiten]] may prevent ron.
-Some quirks:
-* On Ron2, there has been an instance of a person being able to call riichi with a gutshot wait shape for a 6-pin when they have made a closed kan of 6-pin already. The hand was considered noten, but did not trigger a chombo penalty (mainly due to programming assuming no one could do something that could be viewed as faulty). This conforms to the usual '''keishiki tenpai''' interpretation that the hand was not in a valid tenpai shape when it came to scoring a drawn hand, but not okay for determining if a player was legally allowed to declare [[riichi]].
-* On Tenhou, there have been reports of a hand containing 12s44466688p with a kan of 3s, scored as in tenpai. This does not conform to the usual '''keishiki tenpai standard'''. Tenhou staff have confirmed that there was a decision to simplify interpreting if a hand was tenpai due to programming constraints. All hands that conform to '''keishiki tenpai''' are valid, as well as a few (such as the current case) that may not be.
 == Dead hand ==
 A [[dead hand]] involves a minor penalty, but not subject to [[chombo]].  Dead hands often involve minor mistakes, such as a certain number of accidental bumps to the wall or a mistake regarding [[naki|open calls]].  A player with a [[dead hand]] is never considered tenpai, even if the tiles in the hand show a state of tenpai.
-== Tenpai with no yaku ==
-The definition of tenpai does not necessarily apply to [[yaku]].
-This is a common pitfall for many beginners.  Hands are built to tenpai.  However, due to lack of or limited knowledge of the yaku, players may find themselves unable to declare a win.  Often, the hand simply lacks yaku.  Otherwise, [[furiten]] may also be a reason.  In this state, it is still possible to produce yaku via [[haitei]], [[houtei]], and even possibly [[rinshan]].  This is particularly true of open hands.  For closed hands, [[mentsumo|tsumo]] may count as an additional option.
 == Ryuukyoku ==