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'''Naki''' (鳴き) are legal claims on discarded tiles. This allows players another source of tiles for hand completion, other than the regular wall. Upon claiming a discard, the player's hand is then considered to be '''open'''. As a result, the player loses the option to call [[riichi]], and the hand is not eligible for the yaku, [[mentsumo]]. In addition, certain [[yaku]] decreases in value by 1-han, when opened. In spite of these, the benefits of opening a hand stems on increasing the speed of hand development, convenience, or the irrelevance of losing hand value by opening. Especially with hands valued of [[scoring|mangan or greater]], opening the hand may be a better option than keeping it closed.
'''Naki''' {{kana|鳴き}}, or "calls", are legal claims on an immediately discarded tile. When an opponent discards a tile you can claim, you can call it to add it to your hand. Upon claiming a discard, the player's hand is then considered ''open''. An open hand is unable to call [[riichi]] and is unable to score yaku like [[menzen tsumo]]. In addition, some yaku decrease in value after opening. However, opening the hand can allow you to complete it faster.
{| class="wikitable" align=right
 
== Properties ==
For each '''immediate''' discard, players may claim a tile if:
* The hand contains 2 out of the three tiles necessary to form a complete [[mentsu|meld]] (see below).
* The claim was made immediately after the discard, before the next player's turn. Otherwise, a discarded tile remains in the discard pile.
* If the discarded tile completes a hand, then any player may call ''ron'', overriding the other tile calls.
 
Calls are not mandatory. When making a call for a discarded tile (chii, pon, open kan), your hand is considered open. As mentioned above, open hands cannot call riichi, are ineligible for certain [[yaku]], and receive -1 han for certain other yaku.
 
Any call, except riichi, will immediately invalidate [[tenhou and chiihou|tenhou]], [[chiihou]], [[double riichi]], [[ippatsu]], and the option for [[kyuushu kyuuhai]].
 
=== Procedure ===
When making a call, the tiles used for the call are revealed and placed to the side. These tiles are still considered part of the player's hand, but cannot be changed. Therefore, each call reduces the number of tiles you can choose to discard. After making a call, the player discards a tile.
 
The claimed tile must be arranged sideways to indicate the claimed tile. It must also be arranged on the left, middle, or right to indicate the source of the claim. This notation helps with the enforcement of [[furiten]], as a claimed tile is still a part of the original player's discard pile.
 
==Tile calls==
{{main|Mentsu}}
 
Tile calls can only be formed when it would complete a [[mentsu]] or complete a winning hand. These are shown below:
 
{| class="wikitable" width=30%
|-
|-
| Chii || チー || Sequences
| Chii ||align=center| チー || Sequences
|-
|-
| Pon || ポン || Three-of-a-kind
| Pon ||align=center| ポン || Three-of-a-kind
|-
|-
| Kan || カン || Four-of-a-kind
| Kan ||align=center| カン || Four-of-a-kind
|-
| Ron ||align=center| ロン || Win on discard
|}
|}
==Mentsu and overview==
{{main|Mentsu}}


As a general rule, tile calls apply to the tile immediately discarded.  Naturally, players are not required to claim discarded tile; but they may do so under the condition of possessing 2 out of 3 tiles for a meld in the hand.  Every discarded tile not claimed by discard remain in the discard piles, until the [[Japanese_mahjong#End_of_a_hand|end of the hand]].
===Chii===
{{#mjt:1'23s}}


In addition, [[kuikae]] is an additional rule to tile calls.  Players may have melds within the hand; and a discarded tile may allow a tile claim.  If a player wishe to create an open meld using parts of an existing meld, then a player is not allowed to discard the remainder of the meld, until one full turn later.
'''Chii''' {{kana|チー}} completes a sequence, to form minjun.


==Tile calls==
Only the player to the right of the discarded may call chii. In other words, you can only call chii from the left player's discards.  Therefore, the tile turned sideways is always indicated on the left. Chii may be particularly subject to the rule of [[#Kuikae|kuikae]] - when calling a sequence, you cannot discard a tile that would have completed the same sequence. See below for details.
For each '''immediate''' discard, players have the option to make claims on discarded tiles based on the following conditions:


* For all claims, a player must have 2 out of the 3 tiles in the hand necessary to form a complete [[mentsu|meld]].
===Pon===
* Discard claims must be made immediately after discard, and before the next player's turn. Otherwise, a discarded tile remains in the discard pile and may not be claimed.
{| class="wikitable" width=40%
* Players reveal their two tiles and append the claimed tile. Then these three revealed tiles are placed to the right corner of the player's area.
|-
* The claimed tile must be arranged sideways to indicate the claim. In addition, the claimed tile must be arranged on the left, middle, or right to indicate the source of the claim.
| align=center| Left || align=center| Across || align=center| Right
* If the discarded tile completes a hand, then any player may call ''ron''.
|-
| align=center| {{#mjt:1'11p}} || align=center| {{#mjt:11'1p}} || align=center| {{#mjt:111'p}}
|}


===Chii===
'''Pon''' {{kana|ポン}} turns a pair of identical tiles into a minkou (open triplet).
'''Chii''' is applied for opening sequential melds, to form ''minjun''.  To claim and complete '''sequences''', the player to the right of the discarder may claim the tile and call ''chii''. This means, any player calling ''chii'' may only claim tiles from the player to the left.


===Pon===
Unlike chii, pon may be called from any player on the board. Because any player may call, sometimes a player's turn may be skipped.
Unlike "chii", the call for '''pon''' may be called from any player on the board. Toitsu, or pairs, may be upgraded to minkou, or open triplets.


===Kan===
===Kan===
{{main|Kan}}
{{main|Kan}}


'''Kan''' may work like pon, except this call has some added procedures and additional situations.
'''Kan''' {{kana|カン}} are triplets "upgraded" into four-of-a-kinds. Unlike the other calls, kan has some added procedures. In addition, there are three different types of kan:
*Daminkan (open kan) are called like pon, except you need three of the same tile.
*Ankan (closed kan) can be called when four of the same tile are in your hand (without needing to claim a discarded tile). Ankan ''does not open your hand''. You are not allowed to call ankan immediately after calling pon or chii.
*Shouminkan (added kan) can be called when you have previously called pon, then draw the fourth tile yourself. This call turns the called triplet into a kan call.
 
All forms of kan are still considered triplets, just with one extra tile. Therefore, in order to maintain the hand, one tile is drawn from the deadwall. Also, any form of kan reveals [[kandora]]. For more information, see the [[kan]] page.
 
===Agari===
[[Image:MultiNaki.png|thumb|right|250px|[http://tenhou.net/0/?log=2013111711gm-00c1-0000-a0d613bd&tw=3&ts=5 Instance] where Ron, Kan, Pon, or Chii may be called.]]
'''Agari''' {{kana|アガリ}} is the generic call for a winning tile.  However, this is a general term for the state of winning.  It is rare, if ever, do anyone use this term to declare a winning hand.


===Ron===
===Ron===
'''Ron''' is a specific tile call on a discard, when the discard actually completes the hand.  Also, the hand must have a valid [[yaku]]. Ron may be called during [[furiten]], but the call becomes subject to [[chombo]].
'''Ron''' {{kana|ロン}} is a specific tile call on a discard, when the discard actually completes the hand.  Also, the hand must have a valid [[yaku]]. Under [[furiten]], a player may not call ron, otherwise, it is a violation of rules and subject to [[chombo]] penalty.


===Call precedence===
===Call precedence===
The different tiles calls take precedence.
 
#Ron
When multiple players can call a tile, the following takes precedence:
#Kan
#Ron or Agari
#Pon
#Kan or Pon
#Chii
#Chii


It is impossible for kan and pon to be called simultaneously.  However, either can simultaneously occur with chii.  Due to precedence, the player, who calls kan or pon, gains the right to a discarded tile over a chii call. Overall, the call for ron supercedes all tile discard calls.
It is impossible for kan and pon to be called simultaneously. A call for kan requires 3 copies of a tile, the call for pon requires 2 more copies of a tile, but there are only 4 tiles total. It is possible for pon/kan and chii to be called together; the player who calls pon gets the tile. A call for ron/agari will override any other tile call.
 
== Kuikae ==
{{Main|Kuikae}}
 
Kuikae is a rule which, when making a call, prevents you from immediately discarding a tile that could have completed that call. Under kuikae, calling pon on a 5-pin, then discarding a 5-pin is not allowed. Similarly, after calling chii on a 4-sou with 23-sou, you cannot discard a 1-sou or 4-sou. You are allowed to discard these tiles on any turn afterwards, just not on the turn you made the call. While it is not a fundamental rule, the kuikae restriction is common.
 
==Kuisagari==
{{main|List of yaku}}
 
'''Kuisagari''' {{kana|喰い下がり}} is a property of some yaku to lose value when [[naki|called open]]. When calling a discard and opening the hand, the player sacrifices 1-han per yaku affected by this rule. This is obviously a negative, though calling allows you to complete the hand faster.
 
The following yaku are affected directly by kuisagari:
 
{| class="wikitable" width=50%
|-
! From 2 han to 1 han !! From 3 han to 2 han !! From 6 han to 5 han
|-
| [[Sanshoku]] || [[Honitsu]] || [[Chinitsu]]
|-
| [[Ittsu]] || [[Junchan]] ||
|-
| [[Chanta]] || ||
|}
 
Similarly, some yaku can only be scored with a closed hand. Certain yaku, like [[chiitoitsu]] and [[mentsumo]], are closed based on their structure or nature. Other yaku, like [[iipeikou]], the requirement of a closed hand is entirely artificial. Unlike instances of kuisagari, you cannot use these yaku to fulfill the yaku requirement of an open hand: these are not considered 0 han yaku. For [[ryanpeikou]] in particular, if it were affected by kuisagari, it would score 2 han when opened. But in actuality, you cannot achieve ryanpeikou at all with an open hand.
 
Finally, some yaku are not affected by kuisagari.  Even when open, they retain their original han value.  These are [[yakuhai]], [[toitoi]], [[sanankou]], [[sanshoku doukou]], [[shousangen]], [[sankantsu]], as well as any [[yakuman]] that can be scored with an open hand.
 
===Atozuke===
{{main|Atozuke}}
 
A side effect to kuisagari involves '''atozuke'''.  Tile calls may put a hand into position where one of its waiting tiles do not produce valid yaku.  With this in mind, tile calls must be made with careful discretion.
 
== Closed tile calls ==
{| class="wikitable" style="width:30%; min-width:250px;"
|-
|nowrap| Kan    ||align=center nowrap| カン  || Forming a quad
|-
|nowrap| Kita  ||align=center nowrap| キタ  || Picking a North [[dora]]
|-
|nowrap| Riichi ||align=center nowrap| リーチ || Ready hand declaration
|-
|nowrap| Tsumo ||align=center nowrap| ツモ  || Win by self-draw
|}
 
These tile calls do not apply to discards, and therefore, do not open your hand. Just like the discard calls, these calls are announcements.
 
===Kan===
{{main|Kan}}
Apart from claiming a discard to form a quad, a quad may also be formed by adding the fourth tile from the hand to the open triplet, or by taking out four identical tiles form the hand.
 
===Kita===
{{main|Sanma}}
In some rules of [[sanma|three-player mahjong]], North tiles may be picked and functions as a [[dora]].
 
===Riichi===
{{main|Riichi}}
 
'''Riichi''' {{kana|リーチ}} is a player's declaration for a [[tenpai|ready hand]].  If desired, a player may announce riichi prior to discarding and invoke the rules involving riichi as a yaku. Riichi does not interrupt opponents' tenhou, chiihou, etc.
 
===Tsumo===
'''Tsumo''' {{kana|ツモ}} is the declaration for winning by self-draw.  This may apply to any hand, open or closed.  With a closed hand, it also counts as for the yaku, [[mentsumo]].  Even when [[furiten]], it is acceptable to win the hand.
 
== Open vs closed ==
{{main|Naki strategy}}
 
Before making a tile call, players should consider "is it worth opening the hand, or is it better to remain closed?" Naturally, there are advantages to both. For starters, players should know the [[yaku]] and their hand values. A closed hand can call riichi and is worth more; an open hand is faster. Players should consider their point standing, hand value, number of tile draws left, and other factors before opening. For more details, see [[naki strategy]].


==Open vs closed==
[[Yakuman]] hands, assuming they can be won open, don't reduce in value after a call. Since they are so hard to complete, opening is often necessary to actually win with one.


==External links==
==External links==
[[Category:Terminology]]
[[Category:Terminology]]
[[Category:Game rules]]
[[Category:Game rules]]
[[Category:Strategy]]
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