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'''Tenpai''' {{kana|テンパイ}} is also referred to as | '''Tenpai''' {{kana|テンパイ}} is state also referred to as a "ready hand". A hand is tenpai, or "ready", when only one more tile is needed to complete the hand. In other words, it progressed from [[Iishanten|1-shanten]] to effectively 0-shanten. The completion may be either done by draw and/or discard, where applicable. Tenpai does not require that the completed hand has a [[yaku]], although both a completed hand and a yaku are necessary to win. Having achieving tenpai is worth some points when a hand ends in [[ryuukyoku]]. | ||
The direct opposite of tenpai is '''noten''' {{kana|ノーテン}}. This word is a contraction of the English '''not tenpai'''. A hand in this state absolutely has no chance of winning upon the immediate draw or discard. Instead, it relies on further tile draws and discards to attain the state of tenpai. | The direct opposite of tenpai is '''noten''' {{kana|ノーテン}}. This word is a contraction of the English '''not tenpai'''. A hand in this state absolutely has no chance of winning upon the immediate draw or discard. Instead, it relies on further tile draws and discards to attain the state of tenpai. | ||
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{{main|Karaten}} | {{main|Karaten}} | ||
[[Image:Dead Wait.png|thumb|right|250px|Example of a karaten riichi, with all waiting tiles circled in red.]] | [[Image:Dead Wait.png|thumb|right|250px|Example of a karaten riichi, with all waiting tiles circled in red.]] | ||
'''Karaten''' {{kana|カラテン}}, or '''empty tenpai''', is a state where a [[tenpai]] hand does not have the ability to win. | '''Karaten''' {{kana|カラテン}}, or '''empty tenpai''', is a state where a [[tenpai]] hand does not have the ability to win. If all four copies of each winning tile are in play, then it is considered karaten. These "visible tiles" may have been discarded, used as a dora indicator, or exist in one's own hand. Furthermore, they may be held in other player's hands or even reside within the dead wall. However, the latter case is beyond a player's visibility. | ||
==Keishiki tenpai== | ==Keishiki tenpai== | ||
{{main|Keishiki tenpai}} | {{main|Keishiki tenpai}} | ||
'''Keishiki tenpai''' {{kana|形式聴牌}}, or '''shaped tenpai''', applies to hands with no yaku. | '''Keishiki tenpai''' {{kana|形式聴牌}}, or '''shaped tenpai''', applies to tenpai hands with no yaku. While these hands cannot win normally, they are still considered tenpai for the tenpai vs noten payment done at ryuukyoku. Even if a hand has no built-in yaku, it may still win with a conditional yaku ([[haitei]], [[houtei]], [[chankan]], [[rinshan]]). | ||
This is a common pitfall for many beginners. | This is a common pitfall for many beginners. A new player might build a hand to tenpai, but due to limited knowledge of yaku, are unable to declare a win. Often the hand lacks yaku, otherwise, [[furiten]] may prevent ron. | ||
== Dead hand == | == Dead hand == |
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