Japanese mahjong scoring rules: Difference between revisions

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[[Image:Scoring Table.png|right|350px]]
[[Image:Scoring Table.png|right|350px]]
[[Japanese mahjong]] features a very complex scoring system. Nearly every mahjong hand has a value in terms of '''han''' and '''fu''', which are plugged into an equation [[#Calculating basic points|equation]] to derive the hand's points. Alternatively, a [[scoring table]] can be used to find a hand's point value directly.
[[Japanese mahjong]] features a very complex scoring system. Nearly every mahjong hand has a value in terms of '''han''' and '''fu''', which are plugged into an [[#Calculating basic points|equation]] to derive the hand's points. Alternatively, a [[scoring table]] can be used to find a hand's point value directly.


Generally, a game starts players with 25,000 points, with the goal of scoring at least 30,000 by the end for first place to declare victory. Both of these values can be changed; tournament play in particular often starts with 30,000 points.
Generally, a game starts players with 25,000 points, with the goal of scoring at least 30,000 by the end for first place to declare victory. Both of these values can be changed; tournament play in particular often starts with 30,000 points.
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=== Han ===
=== Han ===


'''Han''' {{kana|飜}} is the main portion of scoring. Each [[yaku]] is assigned a value in terms of han: most are valued at 1-2, going up to 6 han for closed [[chinitsu]]. Some yaku are worth -1 han with an open hand, and others cannot be scored at all with an open hand. Also, each [[dora]] in the hand grants +1 han.
'''Han''' {{kana|飜}} is the main portion of scoring. Each [[yaku]] is assigned a value in terms of han: most are valued at 1-2, going up to 6 han for closed [[chinitsu]]. Some yaku are worth -1 han with an open hand, and others cannot be scored at all with an open hand. Also, each [[dora]] in the hand grants +1 han. A hand's yaku and dora are added up to produce a total han value.


Players are encouraged to know yaku, their han values, and how much points a given hand is worth. This knowledge may help with various game decisions, particularly when [[Riichi strategy|calling riichi]] or [[Betaori|abandoning the hand]].
Players are encouraged to know yaku, their han values, and how much points a given hand is worth. This knowledge may help with various game decisions, particularly when [[Riichi strategy|calling riichi]] or [[Betaori|abandoning the hand]].


As a general rule, for every +1 han, the hand doubles in value until reaching 4 han. There is a "[[mangan|cap]]" at 2000 base points (5 han; 4 han 40+ fu), after which the doubling stops. Once reaching the cap, fu no longer matters for points, and han generally is reduced in value.
As a general rule, for every +1 han, the hand roughly doubles in value until reaching 4 han. There is a "[[mangan|cap]]" at 2000 base points (5 han; 4 han 40+ fu); a hand that scores this much is called a [[mangan]] hand. Once reaching mangan, fu no longer matters for points, and han is reduced in value.


=== Fu ===
=== Fu ===
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# If the hand is a [[List of yaku|yakuman]], then the hand scores 8,000 basic points.
# If the hand is a [[List of yaku|yakuman]], then the hand scores 8,000 basic points.
## If double yakuman are used, a double yakuman scores 16,000 basic points. If multiple (>2) yakuman are used, points are multiplied accordingly.
## If double yakuman are used, a double yakuman scores 16,000 basic points. If multiple (>2) yakuman are used, points are multiplied accordingly.
# Otherwise, determine all of the hand's valid [[yaku]].
# Otherwise, determine all of the hand's valid [[yaku]] and determine the amount of [[dora]]. Count the number of han from these sources.
## Some [[Yaku compatibility|yaku combinations]] such as [[chanta]] + [[junchan]] are not compatible with each other.
## Some [[Yaku compatibility|yaku combinations]] such as [[chanta]] + [[junchan]] are not compatible with each other.
# Count the han based on the yaku.
# Count any number of dora to the han count.
# If the han count is 5 or more, then counting fu is no longer necessary. The hand is scored according to its han value:
# If the han count is 5 or more, then counting fu is no longer necessary. The hand is scored according to its han value:
## 5 han: mangan hand worth 2,000 base points.
## 5 han: mangan hand worth 2,000 base points.
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# If the han count is 4 or less, then count fu.
# If the han count is 4 or less, then count fu.
## If the hand is not [[chiitoitsu|seven pairs]], round the fu up to the nearest 10.
## If the hand is not [[chiitoitsu|seven pairs]], round the fu up to the nearest 10.
# To get the base points, multiply the fu value by four, and then double it for each han ('''fu × 2<sup>(2 + han)</sup>''').
# To get the base points, plug in the equation <code>fu × 2<sup>(2 + han)</sup></code>
# If playing with [[kiriage mangan]], round a 1,920-point hand up to a 2,000-point mangan.
# If playing with [[kiriage mangan]], round a 1,920-point hand up to a 2,000-point mangan.
# In any case, if the base points value would be above 2,000 for a hand with 4 or fewer han, it is instead a 2,000-point mangan.
# In any case, if the base points value would be above 2,000 for a hand with 4 or fewer han, it is instead a 2,000-point mangan.
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{{Main|Scoring table}}
{{Main|Scoring table}}


Since the han and fu equation does not change, it is possible to use a scoring table to score the hand. Simply calculate the hand's han and fu, then find the values on the table. See [[scoring table]] for the actual table.
Since the han and fu equation is always the same, it is possible to use a scoring table to score the hand. Simply calculate the hand's han and fu, then find the values on the table. See [[scoring table]] for the actual table.


For details on how to memorize scoring, see [[score table memorization]].
For details on how to memorize scoring, see [[score table memorization]].
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