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Japanese mahjong: Difference between revisions
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==History== | ==History== | ||
Mahjong as a whole is only a roughly 100 year old game. Originating in China, the game managed to spread across the country, East Asia, and even to the United States during the 1920s. The riichi variant only started emerging in Japan after World War 2. The modern riichi variant played today began in the 1960's, while the addition of red 5's started appearing in the 1980's. | Mahjong as a whole is only a roughly 100 year old game. Originating in China, the game managed to spread across the country, East Asia, and even to the United States during the 1920s. The riichi variant only started emerging in Japan after World War 2. The modern riichi variant played today began in the 1960's, while the addition of red 5's started appearing in the 1980's. Mahjong started out as a gambling game, though playing for fun or sport is also common. | ||
==Basic Overview== | ==Basic Overview== | ||
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Mahjong is a zero-sum game - whenever a player gains points, the other players lose a total of that many points. Therefore, [[tile efficiency|developing hands quickly]] and [[defense|minimizing point losses]] are important aspects to the games. Sometimes, it is best to [[betaori|give up winning]] in order to prevent paying for others' hands. | Mahjong is a zero-sum game - whenever a player gains points, the other players lose a total of that many points. Therefore, [[tile efficiency|developing hands quickly]] and [[defense|minimizing point losses]] are important aspects to the games. Sometimes, it is best to [[betaori|give up winning]] in order to prevent paying for others' hands. | ||
The rules to the game is complex. | The rules to the game is complex. Japanese mahjong's gameplay is generally similar to most Asia-originated variants of mahjong. For a more detailed overview, see the [[rules overview]] page, or the rest of this article. | ||
===Differences=== | ===Differences=== | ||
The game of mahjong | The game of mahjong has numerous variations across the world, including an attempted standardization of "World Mahjong". Virtually every country in East Asia and the United States has a form of mahjong. While they all have the same general principles, they each have very distinct rule variations. | ||
Japanese mahjong sets itself apart with a few key mechanics: | Japanese mahjong sets itself apart with a few key mechanics: | ||
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*'''[[Sangenpai]]''' (dragon tiles) - White, Green, and Red. | *'''[[Sangenpai]]''' (dragon tiles) - White, Green, and Red. | ||
Modern Japanese mahjong sets also come with four [[red five]] dora tiles. One number five character tile, two number five circle tiles, and one number five bamboo tile are replaced with their matching red tiles. These red dora tiles can replace the appropriate number of standard five-tiles. | Modern Japanese mahjong sets also come with four [[red five]] dora tiles. One number five character tile, two number five circle tiles, and one number five bamboo tile are replaced with their matching red tiles. These red dora tiles can replace the appropriate number of standard five-tiles. Using the red dora tiles is optional. | ||
Many mahjong sets also come with flower and season tiles, but these are not used in riichi mahjong. | Many mahjong sets also come with flower and season tiles, but these are not used in riichi mahjong. | ||
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===End of game=== | ===End of game=== | ||
[[File:PlusMinus.png|thumb|240px|right|End game results with raw scores and uma scores]] | [[File:PlusMinus.png|thumb|240px|right|End game results with raw scores and uma scores]] | ||
Typically, the game ends after the final hand of the last round, when at least one player has at least 30,000 points. This figure may differ (it | Typically, the game ends after the final hand of the last round, when at least one player has at least 30,000 points. This figure may differ (it can vary from ruleset to ruleset). However, the entire game may end prematurely. | ||
A game end may occur under the following conditions: | |||
* '''Negative points'''. When any player's points falls below 0, then the game ends immediately. At that point, the player has run out of point sticks. The game can continue when a player has exactly 0 points. (Some rules allow the game to continue even when a player has negative points) | * '''Negative points'''. When any player's points falls below 0, then the game ends immediately. At that point, the player has run out of point sticks. The game can continue when a player has exactly 0 points. (Some rules allow the game to continue even when a player has negative points) | ||
* '''Win and finish'''. On the final hand of the last round, if the dealer wins the hand, the dealer may choose to continue the game or end the game. | * '''Win and finish'''. On the final hand of the last round, if the dealer wins the hand, the dealer may choose to continue the game or end the game. | ||
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===End game score=== | ===End game score=== | ||
{{main|Uma}} | {{main|Uma}} | ||
Once the game ends, points are tallied, and | Once the game ends, points are tallied, and players get a rank from 1st to 4th. | ||
When using the [[oka and uma]] systems, players will get a bonus or penalty based on rank. 4th place pays 1st place some amount of points, and 3rd place pays second place some amount of points. These systems were originally designed for gambling, but it can also be used for tournament or competitive play. | |||
==Variants== | ==Variants== | ||