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'''Jihai''' {{kana|字牌}} are '''honor tiles'''. They can also be referred to as '''word tiles''' or '''characters''', though both should be avoided as they can also be used for the [[manzu]]. Unlike the numbered suits, honors cannot be used to form [[ | '''Jihai''' {{kana|字牌}} are '''honor tiles'''. They can also be referred to as '''word tiles''' or '''characters''', though both should be avoided as they can also be used for the [[manzu]]. Unlike the numbered suits, honors cannot be used to form [[sequence]]s, but they can be used for [[triplet]]s, [[quad]]s, and [[pair]]s. | ||
Honor tiles can be divided into two smaller groups: | Honor tiles can be divided into two smaller groups: | ||
*'''Sangenpai''', or '''dragons'''. | *'''Sangenpai''', or '''dragons'''. | ||
*'''Kazehai''', or '''winds''. | *'''Kazehai''', or '''winds'''. | ||
All | All dragons, and certain winds, are considered [[yakuhai]]. A triplet of yakuhai tiles will score the "yakuhai" [[yaku]], while a pair of these tiles is worth [[fu]]. | ||
==Sangenpai== | ==Sangenpai== | ||
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The '''sangenpai''' {{kana|三元牌}} (lit. ''three foundation tiles'') are a group of three, often brightly colored, tiles. In English, they are most often referred to as the '''dragons''', but occasionally they are referred to as the '''colours'''. | The '''sangenpai''' {{kana|三元牌}} (lit. ''three foundation tiles'') are a group of three, often brightly colored, tiles. In English, they are most often referred to as the '''dragons''', but occasionally they are referred to as the '''colours'''. | ||
*'''Haku''' {{kana|白}}, the '''white dragon''', is usually depicted by an entirely blank tile in Japanese-style sets. In Chinese-style sets, it is more frequently depicted as a blue or black border around nothing, although those sets often come with blank replacement tiles which can be used instead. In some Japanese-style sets, especially those where the front and back of the tile are the same colour, haku will have a gem in the center. | *'''Haku''' {{kana|白}}, the '''white dragon''', is usually depicted by an entirely blank tile in Japanese-style sets. In Chinese-style sets, it is more frequently depicted as a blue or black border around nothing, although those sets often come with blank replacement tiles which can be used instead. In some Japanese-style sets, especially those where the front and back of the tile are the same colour, haku will have a gem in the center. | ||
*'''Chun''' {{kana|中}}, the '''red dragon''' | *'''Chun''' {{kana|中}}, the '''red dragon'''. Depicted by its kanji in red. | ||
* '''Hatsu''' {{kana|發}}, the '''green dragon'''. Again depicted by kanji; hatsu is often, though not always, written in green. | |||
These tiles originally represented the three Confucian values, but their meanings are not important to the game. | These tiles originally represented the three Confucian values, but their meanings are not important to the game. | ||
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'''Kazehai''' {{kana|風牌}} (lit. ''wind tiles'') are four tiles representing winds in the four cardinal directions. The winds are each depicted with their respective kanji, although usually in a more stylized form than is common in modern Japanese. The four tiles are, in counterclockwise order: | '''Kazehai''' {{kana|風牌}} (lit. ''wind tiles'') are four tiles representing winds in the four cardinal directions. The winds are each depicted with their respective kanji, although usually in a more stylized form than is common in modern Japanese. The four tiles are, in counterclockwise order: | ||
* ''Ton''' {{kana|東}}, or '''East''' | * '''Ton''' {{kana|東}}, or '''East''' | ||
* '''Nan''' {{kana|南}} or '''South''' | * '''Nan''' {{kana|南}} or '''South''' | ||
* '''Shaa''' {{kana|西}} or '''West''' | * '''Shaa''' {{kana|西}} or '''West''' | ||
* '''Pei''' {{kana|北}} or '''North''' | * '''Pei''' {{kana|北}} or '''North''' | ||
This order is used for the [[dora]] indicators. If East is the dora indicator, then South is the dora. If North is the dora indicator, then East is the dora. Note that this order does not follow the Western order of directions (which, when counterclockwise, would be east -> north -> west -> south). One way to remember the mahjong order is to imagine a compass rose written on the ceiling, above the players. | This order is used for the [[dora]] indicators. If East is the dora indicator, then South is the dora. If North is the dora indicator, then East is the dora. Note that this order does not follow the Western order of directions (which, when counterclockwise, would be east -> north -> west -> south). One way to remember the mahjong order is to imagine a compass rose written on the ceiling, above the players. | ||
The winds are special as they are the only tiles whose value changes throughout the game. There are three distinct types of wind: | The winds are special as they are the only tiles whose value changes throughout the game. There are three distinct types of wind: | ||
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*'''Otakaze''' {{kana|客風}}, known as '''off winds''' or '''guest winds'''. These are neither the seat wind or the guest winds. | *'''Otakaze''' {{kana|客風}}, known as '''off winds''' or '''guest winds'''. These are neither the seat wind or the guest winds. | ||
A tile that is both the round wind and the seat wind is known as a '''double wind''' - it is worth two yakuhai. A double wind pair may score 2 [[fu]] or 4 [[fu]], depending on the [[scoring variations#Double wind fu|ruleset]]. | A wind tile that is either the round wind, or the seat wind, is considered [[yakuhai]]. This means that guest winds are not yakuhai. A tile that is both the round wind and the seat wind is known as a '''double wind''' - it is worth two yakuhai. A double wind pair may score 2 [[fu]] or 4 [[fu]], depending on the [[scoring variations#Double wind fu|ruleset]]. | ||
The wind tiles have the following properties: | The wind tiles have the following properties: | ||
*A wind tile that | *A wind tile that matches the round winds or seat wind is considered yakuhai. | ||
*A hand with a triplet/quad of three wind tiles, and a pair of the fourth, scores [[shousuushii]]. | *A hand with a triplet/quad of three wind tiles, and a pair of the fourth, scores [[shousuushii]]. | ||
*A hand with a triplet/quad of all four wind tiles scores [[daisuushii]]. | *A hand with a triplet/quad of all four wind tiles scores [[daisuushii]]. | ||