Japanese mahjong scoring rules: Difference between revisions

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[[Japanese mahjong]] features a very complex scoring system. Every mahjong hand has a value in terms of ''han'' and ''fu'' associated with them. The combination of ''han'' and ''fu'' then corresponds to values indicated from the scoring table, and/or the two numbers of ''han'' and ''fu'' factor into an equation, by which the scoring table is derived.
[[Image:Scoring Table.png|right|350px]]
[[Japanese mahjong]] features a very complex scoring system. Nearly every mahjong hand has a value in terms of '''han''' and '''fu''', which are plugged into an [[#Calculating basic points|equation]] to derive the hand's points. Alternatively, a [[scoring table]] can be used to find a hand's point value directly.
 
Generally, a game starts players with 25,000 points, with the goal of scoring at least 30,000 by the end for first place to declare victory. Both of these values can be changed; tournament play in particular often starts with 30,000 points.
 
== Scoring factors ==
 
=== Han ===
 
'''Han''' {{kana|飜}} is the main portion of scoring. Each [[yaku]] is assigned a value in terms of han: most are valued at 1-2, going up to 6 han for closed [[chinitsu]]. Some yaku are worth -1 han with an open hand, and others cannot be scored at all with an open hand. Also, each [[dora]] in the hand grants +1 han. A hand's yaku and dora are added up to produce a total han value.
 
Players are encouraged to know yaku, their han values, and how much points a given hand is worth. This knowledge may help with various game decisions, particularly when [[Riichi strategy|calling riichi]] or [[Betaori|abandoning the hand]].
 
As a general rule, for every +1 han, the hand roughly doubles in value until reaching 4 han. There is a "[[mangan|cap]]" at 2000 base points (5 han; 4 han 40+ fu); a hand that scores this much is called a [[mangan]] hand. Once reaching mangan, fu no longer matters for points, and han is reduced in value.
 
=== Fu ===
{{main|Fu}}
 
'''Fu''' {{kana|符}} (''pronounced as foo'') takes the hand composition into consideration in terms of [[mentsu|tile groups]], [[machi|wait patterns]] and/or win method.
 
Every hand begins with a default of 20 fu. Any extra sources of fu are added, and then rounded up to the next multiple of 10. The exception is with [[chiitoitsu]] yaku, which is fixed to 25 fu (and not rounded).
 
Fu does not impact scoring for hands that have at least 5 han.
 
=== Yakuman ===
{{main|Yakuman}}
 
The highest-scoring combinations are the yakuman patterns. A hand completing a yakuman is not scored for han and fu, but depending on the rules, it may be possible to combine multiple yakuman for an even larger hand.
 
== Scoring procedure ==
 
=== Calculating basic points ===


==Scoring procedure==
To determine the point value of a hand, the following procedure is used:
To determine the point value of a hand, the following procedure is used:
# If the hand is a [[List of yaku|yakuman]], then look up the 13 han values according to dealer or non-dealer numbers
# If the hand is a [[List of yaku|yakuman]], then the hand scores 8,000 basic points.
# Determine the hand's valid [[yaku]]
## If double yakuman are used, a double yakuman scores 16,000 basic points. If multiple (>2) yakuman are used, points are multiplied accordingly.
# Count the han based on the yaku
# Otherwise, determine all of the hand's valid [[yaku]] and determine the amount of [[dora]]. Count the number of han from these sources.
# Count any number of dora to the han count
## Some [[Yaku compatibility|yaku combinations]] such as [[chanta]] + [[junchan]] are not compatible with each other.
# If the han count is more than 5, counting fu is no longer necessary
# If the han count is 5 or more, then counting fu is no longer necessary. The hand is scored according to its han value:
# If the han count is 4 or less, then count fu
## 5 han: mangan hand worth 2,000 base points.
# After determining the number of han and/or fu, refer to the scoring table
## 6-7 han: haneman hand worth 3,000 base points.
## 8-10 han: baiman hand worth 4,000 base points.
## 11-12 han: sanbaiman hand worth 6,000 base points.
# If the han count is 4 or less, then count fu.
## If the hand is not [[chiitoitsu|seven pairs]], round the fu up to the nearest 10.
# To get the base points, plug in the equation <code>fu × 2<sup>(2 + han)</sup></code>
# If playing with [[kiriage mangan]], round a 1,920-point hand up to a 2,000-point mangan.
# In any case, if the base points value would be above 2,000 for a hand with 4 or fewer han, it is instead a 2,000-point mangan.
 
=== Payment multipliers ===
 
After determining the basic points, multiply based on the status as dealer and no-dealer as well as the win by ron or tsumo.
 
*When a non-dealer wins by tsumo, the player is paid 1 × basic points by the other non-dealers, and 2 × basic points by the dealer.
*When a non-dealer wins by ron, the discarding player pays the winner 4 × basic points.
*When the dealer goes out by tsumo, the player is paid 2 × basic points from all other players.
*When the dealer goes out by ron, the discarding player pays the winner 6 × basic points.
 
Each value to be paid is rounded up to the nearest 100.
 
The numbers for a ron payment are obtained by having the ronned player pay every other players points. Because rounding is done after this reassignment of points, it is sometimes the case that a win by tsumo is worth a few hundred more points than a win by ron.
 
=== Honba ===
{{main|Honba}}
 
In addition to the points for the hand, the winner is paid a small sum of points based on the number of honba counters on the table. Thus, as a hand is [[renchan|repeated]], its value goes up slowly.
 
=== Oyakaburi ===
'''Oyakaburi''' 「親かぶり」 is when a non-dealer player wins by tsumo, causing the dealer to pay more than non-dealer players. This term usually refers to high value tsumos, which can cause the dealer to drop down placement.


For any who prefer to use the equation, the base point calculation is based on the following equation:
== Scoring Table ==
{{Main|Scoring table}}


: '''Basic points = fu × 2<sup>(2 + han)</sup>'''
Since the han and fu equation is always the same, it is possible to use a scoring table to score the hand. Simply calculate the hand's han and fu, then find the values on the table. See [[scoring table]] for the actual table.


After determining the basic points, factor based on the status as dealer and no-dealer as well as the win by ron or tsumo.
For details on how to memorize scoring, see [[score table memorization]].


*When a non-dealer wins by tsumo, the player earns 1 × basic points from the other non-dealers.  The dealer in this case pays 2 × basic points.
== End game score ==
*When a non-dealer wins by ron, the discarding player pays the winner 4 × basic points.
{{main|Final scores}}
*When the dealer goes out by tsumo, the dealer scores 2 × basic points from all players.
*When the dealer goes out by ron, the dealer earns 6 × basic points from the responsible non-dealer.


==Scoring table==
At the end of the game, the raw points are used to calculate the end game score. These are the two or three digit +/- numbers used to reflect a player's score. For example:
===Dealer===
*A player ends the game with 40,000 points.
{{Score table horizontal
*The starting value of 25,000 points is subtracted, leaving +15,000 points.
|1and30tsumo=500
*To make the values easier to read, 15,000 is divided by 1,000, for a value of +15.0 points.
|1and30ron=1500
*This +15 value may be affected by [[uma]] (a bonus/penalty for placing 1st/2nd/etc.).
|1and40tsumo=
|1and40ron=
|1and50tsumo=
|1and50ron=
|1and60tsumo=
|1and60ron=
|1and70tsumo=
|1and70ron=
|1and80tsumo=
|1and80ron=
|1and90tsumo=
|1and90ron=
|1and100tsumo=
|1and100ron=
|1and110tsumo=
|1and110ron=
|2and20tsumo=
|2and20ron=
|2and20tsumo=
|2and20ron=
|2and30tsumo=
|2and30ron=
|2and40tsumo=
|2and40ron=
|2and50tsumo=
|2and50ron=
|2and60tsumo=
|2and60ron=
|2and70tsumo=
|2and70ron=
|2and80tsumo=
|2and80ron=
|2and90tsumo=
|2and90ron=
|2and100tsumo=
|2and100ron=
|2and110tsumo=
|2and110ron=
|3and20tsumo=
|3and20ron=
|3and20tsumo=
|3and20ron=
|3and30tsumo=
|3and30ron=
|3and40tsumo=
|3and40ron=
|3and50tsumo=
|3and50ron=
|3and60tsumo=
|3and60ron=
|mangantsumo=
|manganron=
|4and20tsumo=
|4and20ron=
|4and20tsumo=
|4and20ron=
|4and30tsumo=
|4and30ron=
|mangantsumo=4000
|manganron=12000
|hanemantsumo=6000
|hanemanron=18000
|baimantsumo=8000
|baimanron=24000
|sanbaimantsumo=12000
|sanbaimanron=36000
|yakumantsumo=16000
|yakumanron=48000
}}


===Nondealer===
== Aotenjou ==
{{Score table horizontal
{{main|Aotenjou}}
|1and30tsumo=
|1and30ron=
|1and40tsumo=
|1and40ron=
|1and50tsumo=
|1and50ron=
|1and60tsumo=
|1and60ron=
|1and70tsumo=
|1and70ron=
|1and80tsumo=
|1and80ron=
|1and90tsumo=
|1and90ron=
|1and100tsumo=
|1and100ron=
|1and110tsumo=
|1and110ron=
|2and20tsumo=
|2and20ron=
|2and20tsumo=
|2and20ron=
|2and30tsumo=
|2and30ron=
|2and40tsumo=
|2and40ron=
|2and50tsumo=
|2and50ron=
|2and60tsumo=
|2and60ron=
|2and70tsumo=
|2and70ron=
|2and80tsumo=
|2and80ron=
|2and90tsumo=
|2and90ron=
|2and100tsumo=
|2and100ron=
|2and110tsumo=
|2and110ron=
|3and20tsumo=
|3and20ron=
|3and20tsumo=
|3and20ron=
|3and30tsumo=
|3and30ron=
|3and40tsumo=
|3and40ron=
|3and50tsumo=
|3and50ron=
|3and60tsumo=
|3and60ron=
|mangantsumo=
|manganron=
|4and20tsumo=
|4and20ron=
|4and20tsumo=
|4and20ron=
|4and30tsumo=2000(3900)
|4and30ron=7700
|mangantsumo=2000(4000)
|manganron=8000
|hanemantsumo=
|hanemanron=
|baimantsumo=
|baimanron=
|sanbaimantsumo=
|sanbaimanron=
|yakumantsumo=
|yakumanron=
}}


==Honba==
[[Aotenjou]] is a rarely played variant which removes the [[mangan]] limit. Under aotenjou:
In the event of [[ryuukyoku]] or the dealer wins a hand, the '''honba''' count increases by 1. This means, the point values for the next hand increases by a total of 300. For ron, the singular player pays the additional 300 points. For tsumo, everyone pays an additional 100 each. If the honba count continues to increase, then the honba count acts as a multiplier to the 300 points. If a seat rotation occurs, that does not involve [[chombo]], then the honba count resets back to zero.
*Each han doubles the hand value without limit. E.g., a 5 han 30 fu hand is 8000 in standard rules, and 15360 in aotenjou.
*Fu matters even for hands with 5 or more han.
*Yakuman are scored as 13-han yaku.


==External links==
==External links==
[[Category:Game rules]]
{{jpwiki|麻雀の得点計算}}
* [http://mahjong.onevis.net/ Online hand scoring calculator]
* [https://scoringtrainer.konbamwa.net/ Hand scoring trainer]
 
[[Category:Scoring]]
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