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[[Image:Scoring Table.png|right|350px]] | [[Image:Scoring Table.png|right|350px]] | ||
'''Memorizing the [[scoring table|score table]]''' should only be done after learning the [[Naki|basic game procedures]] and [[yaku]]. While the score table is large, it can be memorized over time. At the very least, it is important to know the common point values, due to their importance in game strategy. | |||
== | ==Counting Han / Fu== | ||
Hand scores can be expressed in terms of [[han]] and [[fu]]. In order to use the score table, you need to know how much the hand is worth. If you have not memorized the scoring table, you can calculate han/fu, then look at the table. | |||
===Han=== | |||
{{Main|List of yaku}} | |||
Han is determined by the number and value of [[yaku]] in your hand. As a reminder, yaku can [[Yaku compatibility|stack]]. Then, for each [[dora]], one han is added. The total han is the hand's han value. | |||
== | ===Fu=== | ||
{{Main|Fu}} | |||
Fu starts at 20 fu. It is then determined by: | |||
*The type and number of [[triplet]]s and [[kan]] calls. | |||
**Each triplet is worth a base of 4 fu, half if an [[naki|open]] triplet, double if a [[terminal]] or [[honor]] tile. | |||
**Each kan is worth a base of 16 fu, half if an open kan, double if a terminal or honor tile. | |||
**Note: a win by [[ron]] opens the triplet, reducing the fu count. | |||
*The [[Machi|wait]] of the hand. [[Tanki]], [[kanchan]], and [[penchan]] waits are worth +2 fu. The others are worth +0 fu. | |||
*If the hand has a [[yakuhai]] pair. A pair of yakuhai ([[dragon]]s, round wind, seat wind) are worth +2 fu. A pair of a wind that is both round + seat wind is often worth +4 fu, but some rules score it as +2 fu. | |||
*Method of winning. Tsumo is +2 fu unless [[pinfu]]. A closed hand ron is +10 fu. Open hand ron is 0 fu. | |||
*Special cases: [[Chiitoitsu]] is always set to 25 fu. An open hand with 20 fu is bumped up to 30 fu. | |||
Finally, fu is rounded up to the next interval of 10 fu, unless it is chiitoitsu. This rounding makes it easier to memorize the hand values. | |||
== | == Common Fu Values == | ||
The most common values of fu, by far, are: | |||
*30 fu - Most open hands; most closed hand tsumo; pinfu ron | |||
*40 fu - Closed hand ron; most open [[toitoi]] | |||
*20 fu - Pinfu + tsumo | |||
*25 fu - Chiitoitsu | |||
Therefore, by learning point values for 1-4 han and each of 20 fu, 25 fu, 30 fu, and 40 fu, you'll cover a large majority of cases. | |||
If a hand has declared [[kan]], has at least 2 closed simple triplets, or 1 closed terminal/honor triplet, it is likely that the hand deviates from these shortcut values. | |||
===Mangan=== | |||
Once a hand reaches 5 han, 4 han 40 fu, or 3 han 70 fu, it reaches [[mangan]], and fu no longer matters for scoring. From mangan onwards, only han determines score. Mangan-or-higher hands are easy to remember - they all have round, convenient numbers and specific names (haneman, baiman, etc.). | |||
'''Therefore, for any possible hand, it is not needed to learn fu values for 5+ han.''' | |||
== | == Common Patterns == | ||
===Point patterns for ron=== | ===Point patterns for ron=== | ||
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The sum of [[tsumo]] values are equal or almost equal to these particular numbers. | The sum of [[tsumo]] values are equal or almost equal to these particular numbers. | ||
=== Tsumo | ===Tsumo vs ron === | ||
The total points gained from a tsumo is identical, or nearly identical, to the points from ron. When a non-dealer wins by tsumo, the dealer pays ~50% of the points, and the other players pay ~25% of the points. When a dealer wins by tsumo, the other players split points equally. | |||
Most differences between tsumo and ron come from rounding. For example: | |||
#A 1 han 30 fu ron is worth 1000 points. | |||
#If you split that number by 50% dealer/25% non-dealer, then the dealer would pay 500 points and both non-dealers would pay 250 points. | |||
#Points in mahjong are always rounded to the hundreds place, so 250 is rounded up to 300. | |||
#Thus, a 1 han 30 fu tsumo earns 500/300 (500 + 300 + 300), or 1100 points. | |||
=== +1 han = doubled fu === | |||
When a hand gains +1 han, it is equivalent to doubling the hand's fu. (This does not apply for mangan+ hands.) | |||
*1 han 40 fu = 2 han 20 fu | |||
*1 han 80 fu = 2 han 40 fu = 3 han 20 fu | |||
*2 han 30 fu = 1 han 60 fu | |||
*3 han 50 fu = 4 han 25 fu | |||
Therefore, you can multiply fu by 2, then subtract 1 han, and end up with the same score value. You can also add 1 han, then divide fu by 2, and end up with the same score. This means by memorizing the 30 fu values, you will also memorize the 60 fu values. By memorizing the 25 fu values, you will also memorize the 50 fu values. | |||
=== Mangan and more === | === Mangan and more === | ||
Hands at mangan or higher are always worth a set amount. | |||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|- | |- | ||
!colspan=2| Mangan or greater | !colspan=2| Mangan or greater | ||
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|} | |} | ||
==Common point values== | |||
Due to the size of the scoring table, it is important to know the most common values first. Other than the mangan+ hands, knowing the (1-4 han) + (20, 25, 30, 40) fu hands are the more important. | |||
===30 and 40 fu=== | ===30 and 40 fu=== | ||
30 and 40 fu are the most common point values, so it is logical to start here. The smallest possible hand is 1 han 30 fu from ron, which is worth 1000 points. | |||
{| class="wikitable" width=70% | {| class="wikitable" width=70% | ||
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===25 fu=== | ===25 fu=== | ||
Only hands with [[chiitoitsu]] can score 25 fu. Unlike all other hands, the fu for chiitoitsu is not rounded - it always remains at 25 fu. | |||
{| class="wikitable" width=70% | {| class="wikitable" width=70% | ||
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|} | |} | ||
==Doubled point values== | |||
As mentioned above, adding one han is equivalent to doubling the hand's fu. This rule makes it easier memorize, say, 20 fu, if you already know the 40 fu values. | |||
== | |||
===20 fu and 40 fu=== | ===20 fu and 40 fu=== | ||
Only hands with [[pinfu]] + [[menzen tsumo]] can score 20 fu. Pinfu with ron is worth 30 fu (+10 from closed ron). From the 40 fu values, you can add 1 han and divide fu by 2 to reach the 20 fu values. Therefore, you can memorize the 20 fu values by memorizing the 40 fu values. | |||
{| class="wikitable" width=70% | {| class="wikitable" width=70% | ||
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===25 fu and 50 fu=== | ===25 fu and 50 fu=== | ||
Now, 25 fu can be doubled to 50 fu. So, knowing the "chiitoitsu" point values, one would already know the 50 fu column. | Now, the 25 fu values can be doubled to 50 fu. So, knowing the "chiitoitsu" point values, one would already know the 50 fu column. | ||
{| class="wikitable" width=70% | {| class="wikitable" width=70% | ||
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Once again, these two values are directly linked to the chiitoitsu values. However, these han and fu combinations do not apply to chiitoitsu. As a reminder, the equivalences are (2 han 50 fu = 3 and 25 fu) and (3 han 50 fu = 4 and 25 fu). | Once again, these two values are directly linked to the chiitoitsu values. However, these han and fu combinations do not apply to chiitoitsu. As a reminder, the equivalences are (2 han 50 fu = 3 and 25 fu) and (3 han 50 fu = 4 and 25 fu). | ||
== Impossible scores == | |||
There are no scoring values assigned for 1 han and 20 fu, 1 han and 25 fu, and 2 han and 25 fu (via [[menzen tsumo]]). | |||
* '''1 han and 20 fu''' (tsumo) | |||
:To score 20 fu, a hand must be pinfu + menzen tsumo. Pinfu and menzen tsumo are worth 1 han each, so a 20 fu hand needs a minimum of 2 han. | |||
* '''1 han and 25 fu''' | |||
:[[Chiitoitsu]] is by default worth 2 han and 25 fu. No other yaku worth 1-han can be set at 25 fu. | |||
* '''2 han and 25 fu''' (tsumo) | |||
:Chiitoitsu with [[menzen tsumo]] would be 3 han and 25 fu. | |||
* '''20 fu''' (ron) | |||
:Closed hands score +10 fu. An open hand which would otherwise be at 20 fu gains +2 fu for "open pinfu". Thus, you cannot ron with 20 fu; the lowest possible ron is 1 han 30 fu. | |||
==External links== | ==External links== |
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