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While a player's hand is in '''furiten''' {{kana|振聴}}, they cannot declare a win on another player's [[ron|discard]] (i.e., they cannot [[ron]]). They are still allowed to win with their own draw ([[tsumo]]), assuming the hand is valid.
While a player's hand is in '''furiten''' {{kana|振聴}}, they cannot declare a win on another player's [[ron|discard]] (i.e., they cannot [[ron]]). They are still allowed to win with their own draw ([[tsumo]]), assuming the hand is valid.


There are multiple ways for a hand to enter furiten. The most common is from discards: if a player had previously discarded a tile that their hand could now win with, their hand is considered furiten. Furiten is also caused when a player skips a win.  
The most common way to enter furiten is from discards: if a player had previously discarded a tile that their hand could now win with, their hand is considered furiten. Furiten is also caused when a player skips a win.


This rule is often used for [[defense]]: any tile a player discards is [[genbutsu|100% safe]] against that player.
This rule is often used for [[defense]]: any tile a player discards is [[genbutsu|100% safe]] against that player.
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== Rule overview ==
== Rule overview ==
[[Image:Furiten ron MLeague.png|right|250px|thumb|Furiten ron with a 5-sided wait in [[M.League]] invoking [[chombo]].<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RQ102K4Kl8w&t=260 Furiten-ron chombo] (M.League 24-25, Sep.27 #2, South 2 Round 1 honba, North seat)</ref>]]
[[Image:Furiten ron MLeague.png|right|250px|thumb|Furiten ron with a 5-sided wait in [[M.League]] invoking [[chombo]].<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RQ102K4Kl8w&t=260 Furiten-ron chombo] (M.League 24-25, Sep.27 #2, South 2 Round 1 honba, North seat)</ref>]]
While in furiten, the hand is unable to call ron upon a discard. However, it can still win via [[tsumo]], assuming the hand has valid yaku.
 
While the hand is in furiten, the player is unable to call ron off any tile, but they can win by [[tsumo]] ''if'' the hand has valid [[yaku]].


A hand in [[tenpai]] is in furiten in any of the following scenarios:
A hand in [[tenpai]] is in furiten in any of the following scenarios:
* When at least one of the hand's current winning tiles have been discarded by you before, the hand enters furiten.
* When at least one of the hand's current winning tiles have been discarded by you before, the hand enters furiten.
** A tile does not have to be in your discard pile to invoke furiten. If an opponent [[naki|called]] on your discarded tile, said tile will still trigger furiten.
** A tile does not have to be physically in your discard pile to invoke furiten. If an opponent [[naki|called]] on your discarded tile, said tile will still trigger furiten.
* After declaring [[riichi]], if the first winning tile is skipped, the hand permanently enters furiten.   
* After declaring [[riichi]], if the first winning tile is skipped, the hand permanently enters furiten.   
* When not in riichi, when a winning tile is skipped, the hand enters temporary furiten. This furiten lasts until the player's next discard.
* When not in riichi, when a winning tile is skipped, the hand enters temporary furiten. This furiten lasts until the player's next discard.


A "winning tile" is a tile that could complete the "4 groups + 1 pair" winning shape, even if the hand couldn't actually win because it would lack yaku. (Tiles that could complete [[chiitoitsu|seven pairs]] or [[thirteen orphans]] also count.)
A "winning tile" is any tile that could complete a "4 groups + 1 pair" winning shape (or [[chiitoitsu]] / [[kokushi musou]]), '''even if the hand could not actually win because it would lack yaku'''.


Note: When a hand is in furiten, it is unable to win off ''any'' discard, regardless of which tile "caused" the furiten. For example, if your hand is waiting to win with 2p and 5p, and you had discarded 2p before, you are unable to win off an opponent's 5p.
Note that, when in furiten, the hand is unable to win off ''any'' discard; the tile that "caused" furiten is irrelevant. For example, if your hand is waiting to win with 2p and 5p, and you had discarded 2p before, you are unable to win off an opponent's 5p.


=== Discard furiten ===
=== Discard furiten ===
{{Discard pile
|align    = right
|title    = Example discard pile
|tilerow1 = 1s6527z7s
|tilerow2 = 23p3s6z4s1m
|tilerow3 = 4z
|source  = 2-pin in this discard applies furiten to the example hand
}}
Discard furiten, the most common form of furiten, occurs when a player's own winning tile has been discarded before. A hand can escape this type of furiten by changing its waits.
Discard furiten, the most common form of furiten, occurs when a player's own winning tile has been discarded before. A hand can escape this type of furiten by changing its waits.


Because discard furiten exists, any tile a player has discarded is 100% safe against that player. Even if the player is waiting on that tile, they cannot ron (as they'd be in furiten).
Because discard furiten exists, any tile a player has discarded is 100% safe against that player. Even if the player is waiting on that tile, they cannot ron (as they'd be in furiten).


It is important to bear furiten in mind when developing a hand. Frequently, if a hand gets to tenpai and is furiten, it was inefficiently developed. This is not always the case, however, as a player can make a correct decision but still be in furiten.
It is important to bear furiten in mind when developing a hand. If a hand gets to tenpai and is furiten, it may have been inefficiently developed. This is not always the case, however, as a player can make a correct decision but still be in furiten.


"[[Atozuke]]" - or when a player is in tenpai, but has no guaranteed yaku - is a common reason for furiten. In these cases, the hand will only gain yaku if it draws a certain winning tile. If a different winning tile is drawn, the hand will have no yaku, and is thus forced to discard its own winning tile - entering furiten. This most commonly occurs with:
A hand with no guaranteed yaku - a state known as [[atozuke]] - is particularly susceptible to furiten. When a hand is in atozuke, only some winning tiles would result in having a yaku. If a non-yaku winning tile is obtained, the hand is unable to win, and forced to enter discard furiten. Atozuke often occurs with:
*A [[shanpon]] wait, with one tile completing a [[yakuhai]] triplet, and the other having no yaku.
*A [[shanpon]] wait, with one tile completing a [[yakuhai]] triplet, and the other having no yaku.
*A [[ryanmen]] wait on 14 or 69 on a hand that would otherwise complete [[tanyao]].
*A [[ryanmen]] wait on 14 or 69 on a hand that would otherwise complete [[tanyao]].
Finally, a player considering a [[daburu riichi|double riichi]] should carefully inspect their hand before discarding; if they had a complete hand to begin with, then being in furiten will add insult to the injury of having [[http://osamuko.com/delicious-riichi-button-must-click-it/ passed]] on a [[tenhou and chiihou|tenhou or chiihou tsumo]].
'''Example tenpai hand'''
:{{machi
|pattern      = 77m34567p678s777z
|tilewaits    = 258p
}}
This hand waits on three different tiles. If the player has a 2-pin in their discard pile, then the hand is in furiten and may not win by ron on any tile. Even if a 5-pin or 8-pin gets discarded by an opponent, ron may not be called.


=== Temporary furiten ===
=== Temporary furiten ===
[[Image:TempFuriten.png|thumb|right|250px|Ron declined, so [http://tenhou.net/0/?log=2014022617gm-0089-0000-ee8c6631&tw=2&ts=11 temporary furiten invoked] until the next own's tile draw.]]
[[Image:TempFuriten.png|thumb|right|250px|Ron declined, so [http://tenhou.net/0/?log=2014022617gm-0089-0000-ee8c6631&tw=2&ts=11 temporary furiten invoked] until the next own's tile draw.]]


Calling a win is optional. If a player does not call ron on a tile they wait for, they enter furiten until their next turn (until their next discard, to be exact). Since it only lasts for one turn, it is called '''temporary furiten'''.
Calling a win is optional. If a non-[[riichi]] player declines to ron a "winning tile" (even if said tile can't win due to lack of yaku), they enter temporary furiten until their next discard. Since it lasts for 1 turn, it is called temporary furiten.


The main purpose of this rule is to prevent players from targeting other players. Once a player sees a tile discarded, they know that they can follow with the same tile and it will be safe from anyone that turn.
Sometimes, a player may misinterpret their waits, entering furiten in the process. Alternatively, a player may be in atozuke and obtain a tile that wouldn't give yaku. Otherwise, a player may intentionally skip a win, entering temporary furiten in the process. This is often done after [[situational analysis|point standing analysis]], such as:
 
A player may deliberately skip a win, entering temporary furiten in the process. This is often done after [[situational analysis|point standing analysis]], such as:


*When a player is close to [[tobi|bankrupting]], a player in 1st may want to target them in order to end the game faster.  
*When a player is close to [[tobi|bankrupting]], a player in 1st may want to target them in order to end the game faster.  
*When close to [[oorasu|all last]], a player may need to ron a specific player to [[gyakuten|rise up in rank]].  
*When close to [[oorasu|all last]], a player may need to ron a specific player to [[gyakuten|rise up in rank]].  
Temporary furiten can also be entered by a player without a guaranteed yaku (if a non-yaku winning tile is discarded, then a yaku-giving winning tile is discarded in the same turn, furiten still prevents ron). Otherwise, a player may mistakenly enter furiten if they don't know their waits correctly.


In a few [[Rule variations#Furiten|rulesets]], any tile call will cancel other players' temporary furiten.
In a few [[Rule variations#Furiten|rulesets]], any tile call will cancel other players' temporary furiten.
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{{main|Riichi}}
{{main|Riichi}}


When a player has declared riichi, the state of temporary furiten does not expire. Therefore, if a riichi hand skips a win, it is no longer able to call ron.
When a player has declared riichi, the state of temporary furiten does not expire. Therefore, if a riichi hand skips a win, it is no longer able to call ron. This is known as permanent furiten, or riichi furiten.  


This rule exists to prevent a riichi player from targeting others. With an open or [[dama]] hand, the hand ''could'' change waits on your next turn - this is why temporary furiten lasts until your next turn. A riichi hand cannot change waits, so permanent furiten lasts until the end of the hand. This also makes it easier to defend against a riichi. Any tile discarded after a riichi declaration is safe against that riichi player.
Since riichi is a yaku, there is no need to worry about a lack of yaku, unless under [[ryanhan shabari]].


A player in riichi never has to worry about having no yaku unless they are playing with [[ryanhan shibari]]. When ryanhan shibari, a riichi without a guaranteed second yaku may be quite dangerous due to furiten.
== Reasoning ==
Furiten exists for two main reasons:
 
1. It helps players [[defense|defend]] against other player's hands:
* Discard furiten: Any tile a player has discarded before is 100% safe against that player.
* Temporary furiten: The tile the player on your left discards is 100% against all players that turn. The tile the player across from you discards is 100% safe against the rightmost player.
* Permanent furiten: After a player declares riichi, any tile anyone discards is safe against that riichi player.
 
2. It makes it much harder to target other players.
* Because discard furiten exists, players cannot skip a tsumo win in order to ron another player.
* Because temporary and permanent furiten exist, players must take the first ron or enter some form of furiten. Since a non-riichi hand ''could'' change its waits every turn, temporary furiten only lasts 1 turn. Because a riichi hand cannot change its waits, permanent furiten lasts until the end of the hand.
 
== Example ==
{{Discard pile
|align    = right
|title    = Example discard pile
|tilerow1 = 1s6527z7s
|tilerow2 = 23p3s6z4s1m
|tilerow3 = 4z
|source  = 2-pin in this discard applies furiten to the example hand
}}
 
:{{machi
|pattern      = 77m34567p678s777z
|tilewaits    = 258p
}}
 
This hand waits on three different tiles. If the player has a 2-pin in their discard pile, then the hand is in furiten and may not win by ron on any tile. Even if a 5-pin or 8-pin gets discarded by an opponent, ron may not be called.


== Strategy ==
== Strategy ==
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{{main|Defense}}
{{main|Defense}}


The furiten rule is essential for defensive play. Any tile that would invoke furiten to a player is 100% safe against that player:
The furiten rule is essential for defensive play. As mentioned in the [[#Reasoning|Reasoning]] section, any tile that would invoke furiten to a player is 100% safe against that player:
*Discard furiten: Any tile that an opponent discarded is 100% against them.
*Discard furiten: Any tile that an opponent discarded is 100% against them.
*Permanent furiten: After an opponent declares [[riichi]], any tile anyone discards is 100% safe against that riichi player.
*Permanent furiten: After an opponent declares [[riichi]], any tile anyone discards is 100% safe against that riichi player.
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