List of terminology by alphabetical order

Naturally, the featured game is Japanese mahjong. Therefore, a multitude number of Japanese terminology are used. The following list includes the Japanese terminology, English equivalent, and the terminology usage.

Japanese	English	Explanation
anjun	concealed sequence	Three self-drawn consecutive tiles of the same suit, used as one of the four melds in a regular hand. An open sequence would be a minjun, the general term for a sequence is shuntsu.
ankan	concealed kan	Four self-drawn identical tiles set aside as a kantsu. Declaring an ankan does not open the hand if it was previously closed.
ankou	concealed triplet	Three self-drawn identical tiles, used as one of the four melds in a regular hand. Compare with the yaku names san ankou and suu ankou. An open triplet would be a minkou, and the general term for any triplet is koutsu.
ari	in effect	States that the preceding rule is used, as in akadora ari for playing with red fives. Opposite of nashi.
minjun	open sequence	An open shuntsu, i.e., a sequence of three consecutive tiles, formed by calling chii on the previously missing tile. A concealed shuntsu would be an anjun.
nashi	invalid	States that the preceding rule is not in effect, as in kuikae nashi for disallowing players to call a tile and immediately discard another tile which would have also completed the called meld.
shuntsu	sequence	Three consecutive tiles of the same suit, used as one of the four melds in a regular hand. Chii is used to call a tile to complete a shuntsu and set it aside as a minjun, i.e., an open shuntsu. A concealed shuntsu is an anjun.