Tenpai: Difference between revisions

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'''Tenpai''' {{kana|テンパイ}} is also referred to as the "ready hand".  A hand is tenpai or "ready" when only one more tile is needed to complete the hand. The completion may be either done by draw and/or discard, where applicable.  Tenpai does not require that the completed hand has a [[Yaku|yaku]], although both a completed hand and a yaku are necessary to win.  Having achieving tenpai is worth some points when a hand ends in [[ryuukyoku]].
'''Tenpai''' {{kana|テンパイ}} is state also referred to as a "ready hand".  A hand is tenpai, or "ready", when only one more tile is needed to complete the hand. In other words, it progressed from [[Iishanten|1-shanten]] to effectively 0-shanten. The completion may be either done by draw and/or discard, where applicable.  Tenpai does not require that the completed hand has a [[yaku]], although both a completed hand and a yaku are necessary to win.  Having achieving tenpai is worth some points when a hand ends in [[ryuukyoku]].


The direct opposite of tenpai is '''noten''' {{kana|ノーテン}}.  This word is a contraction of the English '''not tenpai'''.  A hand in this state absolutely has no chance of winning upon the immediate draw or discard.  Instead, it relies on further tile draws and discards to attain the state of tenpai.
The direct opposite of tenpai is '''noten''' {{kana|ノーテン}}.  This word is a contraction of the English '''not tenpai'''.  A hand in this state absolutely has no chance of winning upon the immediate draw or discard.  Instead, it relies on further tile draws and discards to attain the state of tenpai.
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{{main|Karaten}}
{{main|Karaten}}
[[Image:Dead Wait.png|thumb|right|250px|Example of a karaten riichi, with all waiting tiles circled in red.]]
[[Image:Dead Wait.png|thumb|right|250px|Example of a karaten riichi, with all waiting tiles circled in red.]]
'''Karaten''' {{kana|カラテン}}, or '''empty tenpai''', is a state where a [[tenpai]] hand does not have the ability to win. This is due to unavailability of all instances of winning tiles. The "visible tiles" may either be discarded, used as a dora indicator, or already exist in one's hand. Furthermore, they may be held in other player's hands or even reside within the dead wall. However, the latter case is beyond a player's visibility.
'''Karaten''' {{kana|カラテン}}, or '''empty tenpai''', is a state where a [[tenpai]] hand does not have the ability to win. If all four copies of each winning tile are in play, then it is considered karaten. These "visible tiles" may have been discarded, used as a dora indicator, or exist in one's own hand. Furthermore, they may be held in other player's hands or even reside within the dead wall. However, the latter case is beyond a player's visibility.


==Keishiki tenpai==
==Keishiki tenpai==
{{main|Keishiki tenpai}}
{{main|Keishiki tenpai}}
'''Keishiki tenpai''' {{kana|形式聴牌}}, or '''shaped tenpai''', applies to hands with no yaku. Such hands still remain relevant at ryuukyoku regarding tenpai vs noten payments. The definition of tenpai does not necessarily apply to [[yaku]].
'''Keishiki tenpai''' {{kana|形式聴牌}}, or '''shaped tenpai''', applies to tenpai hands with no yaku. While these hands cannot win normally, they are still considered tenpai for the tenpai vs noten payment done at ryuukyoku. Even if a hand has no built-in yaku, it may still win with a conditional yaku ([[haitei]], [[houtei]], [[chankan]], [[rinshan]]).


This is a common pitfall for many beginners. Hands are built to tenpai.  However, due to lack of or limited knowledge of the yaku, players may find themselves unable to declare a win. Often, the hand simply lacks yaku.  Otherwise, [[furiten]] may also be a reason.  In this state, it is still possible to produce yaku via [[haitei]], [[houtei]], and even possibly [[rinshan]].  This is particularly true of open hands.  For closed hands, [[mentsumo|tsumo]] may count as an additional option.
This is a common pitfall for many beginners. A new player might build a hand to tenpai, but due to limited knowledge of yaku, are unable to declare a win. Often the hand lacks yaku, otherwise, [[furiten]] may prevent ron.


== Dead hand ==
== Dead hand ==
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