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'''Karaten''' {{kana|カラテン}}, or '''empty tenpai''', is a state where a tenpai hand does not have the ability to win. This is due to unavailability of all instances of winning tiles. The "visible tiles" may either be discarded, used as a dora indicator, or already exist in one's hand. Furthermore, they may be held in other player's hands or even reside within the dead wall. Though, the latter case is beyond a player's visibility. | '''Karaten''' {{kana|カラテン}}, or '''empty tenpai''', is a state where a tenpai hand does not have the ability to win. This is due to unavailability of all instances of winning tiles. The "visible tiles" may either be discarded, used as a dora indicator, or already exist in one's hand. Furthermore, they may be held in other player's hands or even reside within the dead wall. Though, the latter case is beyond a player's visibility. | ||
Under some [[Scoring variations|rule variations]], a | ===Keishiki tenpai=== | ||
'''Keishiki tenpai''' {{kana|形式聴牌}} is a special case of karaten, where the hand waits for a "5th tile". Under some [[Scoring variations|rule variations]], a keishiki hand may be considered as noten under the following circumstances: | |||
* All hand-completing tiles are already used within the player's own hand. Declared kans and open melds belong to the hand. If a player has a 1-2 [[Penchan|penchan]] and a previously declared [[Kan|kan]] of 3-3-3-3 in the same suit, no more threes are available as winning tiles. | * All hand-completing tiles are already used within the player's own hand. Declared kans and open melds belong to the hand. If a player has a 1-2 [[Penchan|penchan]] and a previously declared [[Kan|kan]] of 3-3-3-3 in the same suit, no more threes are available as winning tiles. | ||
* All hand-completing tiles are visible among declared kans, open melds, discards, and dora indicators. Only some rules have such a large scope for karaten. | * All hand-completing tiles are visible among declared kans, open melds, discards, and dora indicators. Only some rules have such a large scope for karaten. | ||