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'''Sekinin barai''' {{kana|責任払い}}, or the rule of '''pao''' {{kana|パオ}}, | '''Sekinin barai''' {{kana|責任払い}}, or the rule of '''pao''' {{kana|パオ}}, is a liability payment imposed when a player confirms another player's [[yaku]]/[[yakuman]]. It is almost exclusively used for yakuman, but some rulesets | ||
== | == Rule overview == | ||
[[ | === Causes === | ||
'''Yakuman''' | |||
When used for [[yakuman]], sekinin barai is imposed when: | |||
# The yakuman-holder has made [[call]]s, so that every tile needed for a certain yakuman, except for 1 tile group, is in an open meld. | |||
# The discarder discards a tile needed to guarantee the yakuman, and the yakuman-holder calls it. | |||
In this scenario, the discarder is liable for sekinin barai if the yakuman-holder wins their current hand. | |||
Not all yakuman cause sekinin barai. The list of yakuman that can cause seknin barai varies by ruleset. ([[#Yakuman affected by sekinin barai|See below]] for a list.) | |||
'''Rinshan''' | |||
When used for [[rinshan kaihou]], the rule works a bit differently. Sekinin bakrai is imposed when: | |||
# The discarder discards a tile that another player can open [[kan]]. | |||
# The kan-declarer wins with their rinshan draw, or wins with any rinshan draw before their next discard. | |||
=== Point exchanges === | === Point exchanges === | ||
When a player is liable for pao, the payment varies depending on how the yakuman-holder wins: | |||
* If the yakuman | * If the yakuman-holder wins by [[tsumo]], the liable player will pay the full amount of the hand, including [[honba]]. This is as if ron was called against the liable player. | ||
* If the yakuman | * If the yakuman-holder wins by [[ron]], the ronned player and liable player each pay half the value of the hand, and the liable player pays for honba. | ||
If playing with rulesets that recognize [[multiple yakuman]], | ==== Multiple yakuman ==== | ||
If playing with rulesets that recognize [[multiple yakuman]], there are two variations on the liability payment. Either: | |||
* The hand is split: the liable player only pays for 1 yakuman's worth of value, and the rest of the hand is paid normally. | |||
* The liability payment applies to the entire hand. | |||
Honba payments are still paid by the liable player. | |||
==== Example of Tsumo ==== | ==== Example of Tsumo ==== | ||
In a round with 1 honba, the west player is liable for the south player's daisangen, and the south player wins with daisangen and tsuuiisou by tsumo, then the payments are as follows: | In a round with 1 honba, the west player is liable for the south player's daisangen, and the south player wins with daisangen and tsuuiisou by tsumo, then the payments are as follows: | ||
* | * If the hand is split: | ||
** East player: 16000 (part of tsuuiisou) | ** East player: 16000 (part of tsuuiisou) | ||
** West player: 32300 (full of daisangen along with honba payments) +8000 (part of tsuuiisou) | ** West player: 32300 (full of daisangen along with honba payments) +8000 (part of tsuuiisou) | ||
** North player: 8000 (part of tsuuiisou) | ** North player: 8000 (part of tsuuiisou) | ||
* | * If the entire hand is affected: | ||
** West player: 64300 (full of daisangen and tsuuiisou along with honba payments) | ** West player: 64300 (full of daisangen and tsuuiisou along with honba payments) | ||
==== Example of Ron ==== | ==== Example of Ron ==== | ||
In a round with 1 honba, the west player is liable for the south player's daisangen, and the east player deals in with daisangen and tsuuiisou, then the payments are as follows: | In a round with 1 honba, the west player is liable for the south player's daisangen, and the east player deals in with daisangen and tsuuiisou, then the payments are as follows: | ||
* | * If the hand is split: | ||
** East player: 32000 (full of tsuuiisou) +16000 (part of daisangen) | ** East player: 32000 (full of tsuuiisou) +16000 (part of daisangen) | ||
** West player: 16300 (part of daisangen along with honba payments) | ** West player: 16300 (part of daisangen along with honba payments) | ||
* | * If the entire hand is affected: | ||
** East player: 32000 (part of daisangen and tsuuiisou) | ** East player: 32000 (part of daisangen and tsuuiisou) | ||
** West player: 32300 (part of daisangen and tsuuiisou along with honba payments) | ** West player: 32300 (part of daisangen and tsuuiisou along with honba payments) | ||
== Yakuman affected by sekinin barai == | |||
Different rulesets will apply sekinin barai to different yakuman. Most rulesets include sekinin barai for [[daisangen]] and [[daisuushii]]; the other yakuman are far rarer. | |||
=== Daisangen === | |||
Most rulesets with seknin barai apply it for daisangen. | |||
If a player has called two [[mentsu|groups]] of [[dragon]]s, then calls for a group of the third dragon (upgrading to daisangen), the player who dealt into the third dragon call is affected by pao if the calling player later wins the hand. | If a player has called two [[mentsu|groups]] of [[dragon]]s, then calls for a group of the third dragon (upgrading to daisangen), the player who dealt into the third dragon call is affected by pao if the calling player later wins the hand. | ||
| Line 37: | Line 62: | ||
: Shimocha feeds the last set of dragon-tile triplet, he becomes the liable player. | : Shimocha feeds the last set of dragon-tile triplet, he becomes the liable player. | ||
=== Daisuushi === | |||
Most rulesets with seknin barai apply it for daisuushi. | |||
If a player has called three groups of [[wind]]s, then calls for a group of the fourth (upgrading to daisuushii), the player who dealt into the fourth wind call is affected by pao if the calling player later wins the hand. | If a player has called three groups of [[wind]]s, then calls for a group of the fourth (upgrading to daisuushii), the player who dealt into the fourth wind call is affected by pao if the calling player later wins the hand. | ||
| Line 43: | Line 70: | ||
: Toimen becomes liable player with confirming the fourth wind-tile triplet. | : Toimen becomes liable player with confirming the fourth wind-tile triplet. | ||
=== Judgement of liability | === Suukantsu === | ||
Sekinin barai is occasionally used for [[suukantsu]]. | |||
When a player has three kans, then a player discards a tile that allows the fourth kan, the feeder of the fourth kan becomes liable. | |||
: {{#mjt:3z}}, last: {{#mjt:6666'z}}, formers: {{#mjt:0z22s0z}} {{#mjt:3"33m}} {{#mjt:222'2p}} | |||
: Shimocha becomes liable for the fact that he completed an ensured suukantsu with his discard. | |||
Due to the criteria for recognizing sekinin barai, the precedential three kans must already exist at the time of discard, and the fourth kan will always be an open kan. | |||
: {{#mjt:3s}}, last: {{#mjt:44'44s}}, formers: {{#mjt:11'11s}} {{#mjt:6'666s}} {{#mjt:666'z}}, added kan {{#mjt:6z}} afterwards | |||
: Toimen doesn't become liable, the melding doesn't confirm a suukantsu at that moment, even with an added kan afterwards which completed suukantsu. <ref group="note" name="note 1"> | |||
Tenhou used to suggest [http://tenhou.net/0/?log=20070224gm-000b-0000-6388336d&tw=3&ts=5 such controversal liability relationship] in early years. [https://tenhou.net/man/#:~:text=%E3%80%8C%E5%9B%9B%E6%A7%93%E5%AD%90%E3%81%AE%E5%8C%85%E3%80%8D%E3%82%92%E5%BB%83%E6%AD%A2 This rule was soon deprecated] after then. | |||
</ref> | |||
: {{#mjt:1s}}, last: {{#mjt:2"22p}}, formers: {{#mjt:4444'z}} {{#mjt:0z33p0z}} {{#mjt:22"2s}} | |||
: Kamicha doesn't become liable, suukantsu is not completed yet at the moment when he discarded 2-pin. It was a pon of 2-pin and the hand is only a sankantsu, even though an added kan of 2-pin happens afterwards. | |||
Nevertheless, unlike daisangen and daisuushi, the tile that determines suukantsu is not self-evident. It is difficult for an opponent to know which tile would complete the 4th kan. While a player may know which tiles 100% cannot be a kan, which tile exactly is uncertain. Based on the above reasons, the pao rule is not commonly used for suukantsu. | |||
=== Sekinin barai for rinshan kaihou === | |||
Sekinin barai is rarely used for [[rinshan kaihou]]. | |||
If a player discards a tile, and it is used for a daiminkan, pao is invoked if the daiminkan declarer wins before their next discard. This means that if the daiminkan wins immediately, or wins after making further kans, the discarder is still liable. | |||
While uncommon, some professional mahjong associations use this rule. | |||
== Judgement of liability == | |||
When the last group of a yakuman is called for an open [[kan]], the discarder is still liable for pao. This may not make sense as first, since the yakuman already existed without needing the kan. | When the last group of a yakuman is called for an open [[kan]], the discarder is still liable for pao. This may not make sense as first, since the yakuman already existed without needing the kan. | ||
| Line 69: | Line 123: | ||
* If a call doesn't guarantee a yakuman, the opponents can discard it safely without liability. | * If a call doesn't guarantee a yakuman, the opponents can discard it safely without liability. | ||
== | == Yakuman without sekinin barai == | ||
In general, sekinin barai does not apply to other yakuman, since other types of yakuman cannot be ensured even with all required sets are melded. A common point for these yakuman hands is that they both have some limitation of toitsu (the head pair). | In general, sekinin barai does not apply to other yakuman, since other types of yakuman cannot be ensured even with all required sets are melded. A common point for these yakuman hands is that they both have some limitation of toitsu (the head pair). | ||
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: {{#mjt:1s}} {{#mjt:22'2s}} {{#mjt:4'23s}} {{#mjt:0z88s0z}} {{#mjt:66'6z}} | : {{#mjt:1s}} {{#mjt:22'2s}} {{#mjt:4'23s}} {{#mjt:0z88s0z}} {{#mjt:66'6z}} | ||
: Honitsu + yakuhai hatsu hand. Ryuuiisou is not ensured. | : Honitsu + yakuhai hatsu hand. Ryuuiisou is not ensured. | ||
== References == | == References == | ||