Oya

The oya 「親」, known in English as the dealer, is the player in the East seat. The dealer gets special benefits when winning a hand. During the game, player is denoted as the dealer with the dealer marker. Alternatively, the dealer marker notes the original dealer, using some other method to mark the current dealer.

Dealer rotation

During the course of the game, the dealer seat rotates among the four players. Seats rotate when:

1. A player other than the dealer wins a hand.
2. The dealer fails to attain tenpai at ryuukyoku (exhaustive draw).

Once every player gets to be a dealer once, the round wind changes. In a hanchan, everyone gets 2 chances at the dealer seat.

Conversely, if the dealer wins a hand, or is in tenpai at exhaustive draw, then the seats do not rotate. Each time this happens, the game length is extended by 1 extra hand.

Useful Info

When a player is the dealer, the following properties apply:

• The dealer draws first, which gives a slight first turn advantage.
• The dealer's hand value is worth 50% more (or approximately 50% more) than non-dealer's.
• If the dealer winds the hand, or is tenpai at exhaustive draw, the wind seating does not rotate. Each time this happens, the game is extended by an extra hand - these extra hands are known as renchan.
• The dealer pays x2 as much when another player wins via tsumo. (Dealers do not pay more when dealing in.)

Due to the +50% point modifier, players greatly benefit from being the dealer. Games are often decided by dealer turns. A lucky player may rise from 4th all the way to 1st through consecutive renchans.

However, being the dealer is not always helpful. When you have a large lead, you may want to avoid winning as the dealer to avoid extending the game. After all, for every renchan, the other players get a chance to build a yakuman and ruin your lead. Otherwise, the only disadvantage to the dealer seat is when other players tsumo. The extra points lost from tsumo can be significant during close games or with big hands.

Rule variations

Renchan

There are two main variations regarding the dealer's renchan:

• Some rules only allow the dealer to renchan when winning a hand. This means that, when a dealer is tenpai at exhaustive draw, the winds rotate anyways.
• In the last round, dealers may or may not be allowed to decline a renchan.
  • Some rules let the last dealer choose to end the game when they win the hand.
  • Other rules end the game when a 1st-place dealer wins, regardless of whenever they want to or not.
  • Other rules do not let the dealer to end the game. The game ends when the dealer does not win.

Tiebreakers

When players are tied at the end of the game, some rulesets break the tie based on initial dealership. In order of priority, 1st dealer (East player in East 1) > 2nd dealer (South player in East 1) > 3rd dealer (West player in East 1) > 4th dealer (North player in East 1). This order is used because, traditionally, being the last dealer is seen as an advantage. As the last dealer, you can end the game once you reach 1st place in the last round; other players do not have this luxury.