List of terminology translations: Difference between revisions
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| Basic B || 3*141 || daiminkan || 「jpKanji」 || {en} || [un] carré complété {brelan exposé augmenté} || {de} | | Basic B || 3*141 || daiminkan || 「jpKanji」 || {en} || [un] carré complété {brelan exposé augmenté} || {de} | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Basic B || 3*151 || kakan || | | Basic B || 3*151 || kakan || 「加槓」 || {en} || {fr} || {de} | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Basic B || 30161 || okurikan || | | Basic B || 30161 || okurikan || 「送り槓」 || Four identical tiles || [un] ensemble de quatres tuiles identiques || {de} | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Basic B || 30171 || ryanmen || 「両面」 || Side wait {open} || attente (ouverte) à deux bords || {de} | | Basic B || 30171 || ryanmen || 「両面」 || Side wait {open} || [une] attente (ouverte) à deux bords || {de} | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Basic B || 30181 || kanchan || | | Basic B || 30181 || kanchan || 「嵌張」 || Gutter wait {closed} || [une] attente (fermée) entre deux || {de} | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Basic B || 30191 || penchan || | | Basic B || 30191 || penchan || 「辺張」 || Edge wait || [une] attente sur le bord || {de} | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Basic B || 30201 || tanki || 「単騎」 || Single wait || attente unique || {de} | | Basic B || 30201 || tanki || 「単騎」 || Single wait || [une] attente unique || {de} | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Basic B || 30211 || shanpon || | | Basic B || 30211 || shanpon || 「双ポン」 || Two-pair wait || [une] attente sur deux paires || {de} | ||
|- | |||
| Basic B || 30212 || shabo || 「シャボ」 || Two-pair wait || [une] attente sur deux paires || {de} | |||
|- | |||
| Basic B || 30301 || ryankan || 「両嵌」 || Two-gutter shape || [la] forme à deux trous || {de} | |||
|- | |- | ||
| Basic D || 50001 || ii ⚀ || 「1」「①」「一」 || One || un || {de} | | Basic D || 50001 || ii ⚀ || 「1」「①」「一」 || One || un || {de} | ||
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| J-101 || 60001 || 。 || 「。」 || {en} || {fr} || {de} | | J-101 || 60001 || 。 || 「。」 || {en} || {fr} || {de} | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | J-Chinese || 70001 || houra || 「和了」 || {en} || {fr} || {de} | ||
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| J-Chinese || 70001 || min || 「明」 || {en} || {fr} || {de} | |||
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| J-Chinese || 70001 || an || 「暗」 || {en} || {fr} || {de} | |||
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| J-Chinese || 70001 || houra || 「和了」 || {en} || {fr} || {de} | |||
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| J-Chinese || 70001 || houra || 「和了」 || {en} || {fr} || {de} | |||
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| J-Chinese || 70001 || houra || 「和了」 || {en} || {fr} || {de} | |||
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| J-Chinese || 70001 || houra || 「和了」 || {en} || {fr} || {de} | |||
|- | |||
| J-Chinese || 70001 || houra || 「和了」 || {en} || {fr} || {de} | |||
|- | |||
| J-Chinese || 70001 || houra || 「和了」 || {en} || {fr} || {de} | |||
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| J-Chinese || 70001 || houra || 「和了」 || {en} || {fr} || {de} | |||
|- | |- | ||
| ... || 80001 || . || 「jpKanji」 || {en} || {fr} || {de} | | ... || 80001 || . || 「jpKanji」 || {en} || {fr} || {de} | ||
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!Explanation | !Explanation | ||
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|agari | | ... || 80001 || agari || 「和がり」 || {en} || {fr} || {de} | ||
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| | | ... || 80001 || aidayonken || 「間四軒」 || {en} || {fr} || {de} | ||
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| ... || 80001 || akapai || 「赤牌」 || {en} || {fr} || {de} | |||
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| ... || 80001 || anpai || 「安牌」 || {en} || {fr} || {de} | |||
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| ... || 80001 || aotenjou || 「青天井」 || {en} || {fr} || {de} | |||
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| | | ... || 80001 || ariari || 「アリアリ」 || {en} || {fr} || {de} | ||
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| | | ... || 80001 || atama || 「頭」 || {en} || {fr} || {de} | ||
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| | | ... || 80001 || atamahane || 「頭跳ね」 || {en} || {fr} || {de} | ||
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| | | ... || 80001 || atozuke || 「先付け」 || {en} || {fr} || {de} | ||
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| | | ... || 80001 || awaseuchi || 「合わせ打ち」 || {en} || {fr} || {de} | ||
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| | | ... || 80001 || ba || 「場」 || {en} || {fr} || {de} | ||
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| | | ... || 80001 || baiman || 「倍満」 || {en} || {fr} || {de} | ||
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| | | ... || 80001 || bakaze || 「場風」 || {en} || {fr} || {de} | ||
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| | | ... || 80001 || barai || 「払い」 || {en} || {fr} || {de} | ||
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| | | ... || 80001 || bazoro || 「場ゾロ」 || {en} || {fr} || {de} | ||
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| | | ... || 80001 || betaori || 「ベタ降り」 || {en} || {fr} || {de} | ||
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| | | ... || 80001 || chombo || 「錯和」 || {en} || {fr} || {de} | ||
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| | | ... || 80001 || chunchan || 「中張」 || {en} || {fr} || {de} | ||
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| | | ... || 80001 || chunchanhai || 「中張牌」 || {en} || {fr} || {de} | ||
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| | | ... || 80001 || daburon || 「ダブロン」 || {en} || {fr} || {de} | ||
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| | | ... || 80001 || daiminkan || 「大明槓」 || {en} || {fr} || {de} | ||
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| | | ... || 80001 || damaten || 「黙聴」 || {en} || {fr} || {de} | ||
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| | | ... || 80001 || wanpai || 「王牌」 || {en} || {fr} || {de} | ||
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| ... || 80001 || oya || 「親」 || {en} || {fr} || {de} | |||
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| ... || 80001 || digital || 「デジタル」 || {en} || {fr} || {de} | |||
|- | |||
| ... || 80001 || . || 「jpKanji」 || {en} || {fr} || {de} | |||
|- | |||
| ... || 80001 || . || 「jpKanji」 || {en} || {fr} || {de} | |||
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| | | ... || 80001 || . || 「jpKanji」 || {en} || {fr} || {de} | ||
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| | | ... || 80001 || . || 「jpKanji」 || {en} || {fr} || {de} | ||
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| | | ... || 80001 || . || 「jpKanji」 || {en} || {fr} || {de} | ||
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| | | ... || 80001 || . || 「jpKanji」 || {en} || {fr} || {de} | ||
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| | | ... || 80001 || . || 「jpKanji」 || {en} || {fr} || {de} | ||
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| | | ... || 80001 || . || 「jpKanji」 || {en} || {fr} || {de} | ||
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| | | ... || 80001 || . || 「jpKanji」 || {en} || {fr} || {de} | ||
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| | | ... || 80001 || . || 「jpKanji」 || {en} || {fr} || {de} | ||
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| | | ... || 80001 || . || 「jpKanji」 || {en} || {fr} || {de} | ||
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| | | ... || 80001 || . || 「jpKanji」 || {en} || {fr} || {de} | ||
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|discard area pond kawa 河·discard area/pond | |discard area pond kawa 河·discard area/pond | ||
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| 三元牌 | | 三元牌 | ||
| The tile group to designate any of the three dragons. | | The tile group to designate any of the three dragons. | ||
|- | |- | ||
|furikomi 振り込み·furikomi | |furikomi 振り込み·furikomi | ||
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| 放銃 | | 放銃 | ||
| To deal into a hand. | | To deal into a hand. | ||
|- | |- | ||
|houteihai 河底牌·houteihai | |houteihai 河底牌·houteihai | ||
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| 巡 | | 巡 | ||
| The turn number within a round. | | The turn number within a round. | ||
|- | |- | ||
|kamicha 上家·kamicha | |kamicha 上家·kamicha | ||
| 上家 | | 上家 | ||
| The player to your left. | | The player to your left. | ||
|- | |- | ||
|kandora カンドラ·kandora | |kandora カンドラ·kandora | ||
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| 門前 | | 門前 | ||
| A fully closed hand (no open melds). | | A fully closed hand (no open melds). | ||
|- | |- | ||
|nagashi mangan 流し満貫·nagashi mangan | |nagashi mangan 流し満貫·nagashi mangan | ||
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| 追いかけリーチ | | 追いかけリーチ | ||
| Following with another riichi. To make a riichi declaration after someone else rather than defend. | | Following with another riichi. To make a riichi declaration after someone else rather than defend. | ||
|- | |- | ||
|oorasu オーラス·oorasu | |oorasu オーラス·oorasu | ||
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| 包 | | 包 | ||
| A property of certain hands that causes one person to be responsible for the whole payment if they discarded the tile that made it a yakuman. Covers half of other's ron payments, all in case of tsumo. Daisangen, Daisuushi, Suukantsu -- as well as dealing a live tile claimed in a Kan enabling that player to win with Rinshan Kaihou -- are the only hands this applies to in riichi mahjong. | | A property of certain hands that causes one person to be responsible for the whole payment if they discarded the tile that made it a yakuman. Covers half of other's ron payments, all in case of tsumo. Daisangen, Daisuushi, Suukantsu -- as well as dealing a live tile claimed in a Kan enabling that player to win with Rinshan Kaihou -- are the only hands this applies to in riichi mahjong. | ||
|- | |- | ||
|renchan 連荘·renchan | |renchan 連荘·renchan | ||
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| 二飜縛り | | 二飜縛り | ||
| After 5 renchans, a 2 han minimum hand is needed for others to win against the dealer. | | After 5 renchans, a 2 han minimum hand is needed for others to win against the dealer. | ||
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|sangenpai 三元牌·sangenpai | |sangenpai 三元牌·sangenpai | ||
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| 差し込み | | 差し込み | ||
| Intentionally dealing into an opponent's hand. Appropriate for paying a small hand to avoid risking paying a big one. Inappropriate for throwing a winner to someone with a monster hand. | | Intentionally dealing into an opponent's hand. Appropriate for paying a small hand to avoid risking paying a big one. Inappropriate for throwing a winner to someone with a monster hand. | ||
|- | |- | ||
|shanten 向聴·shanten | |shanten 向聴·shanten |
Revision as of 22:13, 11 January 2015
Mahjong is a game that has effectively crossed the borders of both countries and languages. Given this, many languages have taken liberties in translating terms however they felt like, borrowing from other variants' translations or from other games, with mixed results.
Below is a list aiming to provide a translation of all important mahjong terminology: as such, it will be presented in a lexical order by theme. This list aims not to catalog multiple variants but to present a structured translation consistent in all languages with a sufficient player base. Also, it will not present definitions. Translations that are only indicative are preceded by ***, as the Japanese word has been fully assimilated as a normally used word among players. French and German shall indicate gender and plural as appropriate.
List of terms
Theme | Key | Japanese[ja 1] | Characters | English | French | German |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Yaku | 10101 | Riichi | 「立直」 | Riichi[en 1] — (Ready hand) | [inv.] riichi[fr 1] — ([la] main prête) | Riichi[de 1] |
Yaku | 10102 | Ippatsu | 「一発」 | Ippatsu[en 1] — (One-shot) | Ippatsu[fr 1] — ([au] premier tour post-riichi) | {de} |
Yaku | 10103 | Menzenchin tsumohou | 「門前清自摸和」 | Menzen tsumo[en 1] — (All concealed) | menzen tsumo[fr 1] — ([la] main cachée) | {de} |
Yaku | 10104 | Pinfu | 「平和」 | Pinfu[en 1] — (Flat hand) | [le] pinfu[fr 1] — ([la] main plate) | {de} |
Yaku | 10105 | Iipeikou | 「一盃口」 | Double sequence | [la] double séquence | {de} |
Yaku | 10111 | Tanyao(chuu) | 「断幺九」 | Tanyao[en 1] — (Simple hand) | [le] tanyao[fr 1] — ([la] main simple) | {de} |
Yaku | 10112 | Yakuhai | 「役牌」 | Value tiles | [des] Tuiles de valeur | {de} |
Yaku | 10113 | Rinshan kaihou | 「嶺上開花」 | Rinshan[en 1] — (Win off the replacement tile) | [le] rinshan[fr 1] — ([la] victoire sur la tuile de remplacement) | {de} |
Yaku | 10114 | Chankan | 「搶槓」 | Chankan[en 1] — (Robbing the kan) | [le] rinshan[fr 1] — ([le] kan volé) | {de} |
Yaku | 10115 | Haitei raoyue | 「海底撈月」 | Last pick | [la] dernière pioche | {de} |
Yaku | 10116 | Houtei raoyui | 「河底撈魚」 | Last discard | [la] dernière défausse | {de} |
Yaku | 10201 | Double riichi | 「ダブルリーチ」 | Double riichi | [le] double riichi | {de} |
Yaku | 10202 | Chiitoitsu | 「七対子」 | Seven pairs | sept paires | {de} |
Yaku | 10211 | Chanta | 「全帯幺九」 | Chanta[en 1] — (Mixed terminal hand) | [le] chanta[fr 1] — ([la] main de terminales mixte) | {de} |
Yaku | 10212 | Sanshoku doujun | 「三色同順」 | Triple sequence | [la] triple séquence | {de} |
Yaku | 10213 | Ittsu (Ikkitsuukan) | 「一気通貫」 | Straight | [le] serpentin | {de} |
Yaku | 10221 | Toitoi | 「対々」 | All triplets | tous brelans | {de} |
Yaku | 10222 | Sanankou | 「三暗刻」 | Three concealed triplets | trois brelans cachés | {de} |
Yaku | 10223 | Sanshoku doukou | 「三色同刻」 | Triple triplets | [le] triple brelan | {de} |
Yaku | 10224 | Sankantsu | 「三槓子」 | Three kans | trois carrés | {de} |
Yaku | 10225 | Shousangen | 「小三元」 | Little three dragons | trois petits dragons | {de} |
Yaku | 10226 | Honroutou | 「混老頭」 | Pure terminal hand | tous terminales pures | {de} |
Yaku | 10301 | Ryanpeikou | 「二盃口」 | Double double sequence | [la] double double séquence | {de} |
Yaku | 10321 | Honitsu | 「混一色」 | Mixed flush | [la] couleur mixte | {de} |
Yaku | 10322 | Junchan | 「純全帯么」 | Mixed ends hand | [la] main d'extrémités mixte | {de} |
Yaku | 10651 | Chinitsu | 「清一色」 | Pure flush | [la] couleur pure | {de} |
Yaku | 10801 | Tenhou | 「天和」 | Tenhou[en 1] — (Miracle start (dealer)) | [le] tenhou[fr 1] — ([le] départ miraculeux (donneur)) | {de} |
Yaku | 10802 | Chiihou | 「地和」 | Chiihou[en 1] — (Miracle start (non-dealer)) | [le] chiihou[fr 1] — ([le] départ miraculeux (non-donneur)) | {de} |
Yaku | 10803 | Kokushi musou | 「国士無双」 | Thirteen orphans | treize orphelins | {de} |
Yaku | 10804 | Chuuren poutou | 「九連宝燈」 | Nine lanterns | neuf lanternes | {de} |
Yaku | 10805 | Suuankou | 「四暗刻」 | Four concealed triples | quatre brelans cachés | {de} |
Yaku | 10881 | Ryuuiisou | 「緑一色」 | All green | [la] main verte | {de} |
Yaku | 10883 | Tsuuiisou | 「字一色」 | All word tiles | tous vents et dragons | {de} |
Yaku | 10884 | Shousuushi | 「小四喜」 | Four little winds | quatre petits vents | {de} |
Yaku | 10885 | Daisuushi | 「大四喜」 | Four big winds | trois grands dragons | {de} |
Yaku | 10886 | Chinroutou | 「清老頭」 | All ends | tous extrémités pures | {de} |
Yaku | 10887 | Suukantsu | 「四槓子」 | Four kans | quatre carrés | {de} |
Yaku | 10888 | Daisangen | 「大三元」 | Big three dragons | trois grands dragons | {de} |
Yaku | 10901 | Renhou | 「人和」 | Renhou[en 1] — (Miracle discard) | [le] renhou[fr 1] — ([l'] écart miraculeux) | {de} |
Yaku | 10991 | Nagashi mangan | 「流し満貫」 | {en} | [la] pile fantastique | {de} |
Yaku | 10992 | Kazoe yakuman | 「数え役満」 | Counted yakuman | [le] yakuman compté | {de} |
Basic A | 20011 | hai / pai | 「牌」 | Tile(s) | [la] tuile | [der] Stein(e) |
Basic A | 20021 | yama {fig.} | 「山」 | Wall | [le] mur | {de} |
Basic A | 20022 | kabe {lit.} | 「壁」 | |||
Basic A | 20031 | ton | 「幢」 | Stack(s) | [le] tas* | {de} |
Basic A | 20041 | wanpai | 「王牌」 | Dead wall | [la] réserve | [---] Tote Mauer |
Basic A | 20051 | saikoro 🎲 | 「骰子」 | Die (Dice) | [le] dé(s) | {de} |
Basic A | 20061 | tenbou | 「点棒」 | Point stick | [le] bâtonnet(s) de points | {de} |
Basic A | 20071 | haipai | 「配牌」 | Starting hand | [la] main(s) initiale(s) | {de} |
Basic A | 20081 | riipai | 「理牌」 | Hand sorting | [le] tri de la main | {de} |
Basic A | 20101 | ban | 「番」 | Turn {to play} | {fr} | {de} |
Basic A | 20111 | tsumo (n.) | 「自摸」 | Draw | pioche | {de} |
Basic A | 20121 | hiku (v.) | 「引く」 | piger | {de} | |
Basic A | 20131 | suteru (v.) | 「捨てる」 | Discard | écarter | {de} |
Basic A | 20132 | sutehai (n.) | 「捨て牌」 | écart | {de} | |
Basic A | 20141 | naku (v.) | 「鳴く」 | Call | appeler | {de} |
Basic A | 20142 | fuuro (n.) | 「」 | réquisition | {de} | |
Basic A | 20151 | chii | 「」 | Chii[en 1] — (call for sequence) | [inv.] chii[fr 1] — ([l'] appel pour séquence) | {de} |
Basic A | 20161 | pon | 「」 | Pon[en 1] — (call for triplet) | [inv.] pon[fr 1] — ([l'] appel pour brelan) | {de} |
Basic A | 20171 | kan | 「槓」 | Draw | {fr} | {de} |
Basic A | 20181 | tsumo (decl.) | 「自摸」 | Draw | {fr} | {de} |
Basic A | 20191 | ron (decl.) | 「栄」 | Draw | {fr} | {de} |
Basic A | 20201 | agari | 「和ガリ」 | Draw | {fr} | {de} |
Basic A | 20211 | furikomi | 「振込」 | Draw | {fr} | {de} |
Basic A | 20221 | sashikomi | 「差し込み」 | Draw | {fr} | {de} |
Basic A | 20231 | ryuukyoku | 「流局」 | Exhaustive draw | [une] main nulle | [---] Abbau-Unentschieden |
Basic B | 30011 | shuntsu | 「順子」 | {en} | [une] séquence | {de} |
Basic B | 30021 | koutsu | 「刻子」 | {en} | [un] brelan | {de} |
Basic B | 30031 | kantsu | 「槓子」 | {en} | [un] carré — [un] kan | {de} |
Basic B | 30041 | toitsu | 「対子」 | {en} | [une] paire | {de} |
Basic B | 30051 | taatsu | 「塔子」 | {en} | [un] protogroupe | {de} |
Basic B | 30061 | jantou | 「雀頭」 | {en} | [la] paire finale | [---] Schlusspaar |
Basic B | 30071 | minjun | 「明順」 | {en} | [une] séquence exposée | {de} |
Basic B | 30081 | anjun | 「暗順」 | {en} | [une] séquence cachée | {de} |
Basic B | 30091 | minkou | 「明刻」 | {en} | [un] brelan exposé | {de} |
Basic B | 30101 | ankou | 「暗刻」 | {en} | [un] brelan caché | {de} |
Basic B | 30111 | minkan | 「明槓」 | {en} | [un] carré exposé | {de} |
Basic B | 30121 | ankan | 「暗槓」 | {en} | [un] carré caché | {de} |
Basic B | 3*131 | shouminkan | 「jpKanji」 | {en} | [un] carré appelé {brelan caché appelé en...} | {de} |
Basic B | 3*141 | daiminkan | 「jpKanji」 | {en} | [un] carré complété {brelan exposé augmenté} | {de} |
Basic B | 3*151 | kakan | 「加槓」 | {en} | {fr} | {de} |
Basic B | 30161 | okurikan | 「送り槓」 | Four identical tiles | [un] ensemble de quatres tuiles identiques | {de} |
Basic B | 30171 | ryanmen | 「両面」 | Side wait {open} | [une] attente (ouverte) à deux bords | {de} |
Basic B | 30181 | kanchan | 「嵌張」 | Gutter wait {closed} | [une] attente (fermée) entre deux | {de} |
Basic B | 30191 | penchan | 「辺張」 | Edge wait | [une] attente sur le bord | {de} |
Basic B | 30201 | tanki | 「単騎」 | Single wait | [une] attente unique | {de} |
Basic B | 30211 | shanpon | 「双ポン」 | Two-pair wait | [une] attente sur deux paires | {de} |
Basic B | 30212 | shabo | 「シャボ」 | Two-pair wait | [une] attente sur deux paires | {de} |
Basic B | 30301 | ryankan | 「両嵌」 | Two-gutter shape | [la] forme à deux trous | {de} |
Basic D | 50001 | ii ⚀ | 「1」「①」「一」 | One | un | {de} |
Basic D | 50002 | ryan ⚁ | 「2」「②」「二」 | Two | deux | {de} |
Basic D | 50003 | san ⚂ | 「3」「③」「三」 | Three | trois | {de} |
Basic D | 50004 | suu ⚃ | 「4」「④」「四」 | Four | quatre | {de} |
Basic D | 50005 | uu ⚄ | 「5」「⑤」「伍」 (五) | Five | cinq | {de} |
Basic D | 50006 | roo ⚅ | 「6」「⑥」「六」 | Six | six | {de} |
Basic D | 50007 | chii | 「7」「⑦」「七」 | Seven | sept | {de} |
Basic D | 50008 | paa | 「8」「⑧」「八」 | Eight | huit | {de} |
Basic D | 50009 | kyuu | 「9」「⑨」「九」 | Nine | neuf | {de} |
Basic D | 50011 | ton | 「東」 | East | [l'] est | [---] Ost |
Basic D | 50012 | nan | 「南」 | South | [le] sud | [---] Süd |
Basic D | 50013 | shaa | 「西」 | West | [l'] ouest | [---] West |
Basic D | 50014 | pei | 「北」 | North | [le] nord | [---] Nord |
Basic D | 50021 | haku | 「白」 | White | [le] blanc | {de} |
Basic D | 50022 | hatsu | 「發」 | Green {fig.} | [le] vert {fig.} | {de} |
Basic D | 50023 | chun | 「中」 | Red {fig.} | [le] rouge {fig.} | {de} |
Basic D | 50031 | pin(zu) | 「筒子」 | *** | [le] sapèque | {de} |
Basic D | 50032 | sou(zu) | 「索子」 | Bamboo | [le] bambou | {de} |
Basic D | 50033 | man(zu) | 「萬子」 | Digit | [le] chiffre | {de} |
Basic D | 50034 | shoku | 「色」 | Suit | [la] couleur | [---] ?Farb(e) |
J-101 | 60001 | ichi | 「一」 | {en} | {fr} | {de} |
J-101 | 60002 | ni | 「二」 | {en} | {fr} | {de} |
J-101 | 60003 | san | 「三」 | {en} | {fr} | {de} |
J-101 | 60004 | yon | 「四」 | {en} | {fr} | {de} |
J-101 | 60005 | go | 「伍」 (五) | {en} | {fr} | {de} |
J-101 | 60006 | roku | 「六」 | {en} | {fr} | {de} |
J-101 | 60007 | nana | 「七」 | {en} | {fr} | {de} |
J-101 | 60008 | hachi | 「八」 | {en} | {fr} | {de} |
J-101 | 60009 | kyuu | 「九」 | {en} | {fr} | {de} |
J-101 | 60010 | juu | 「十」 | {en} | {fr} | {de} |
J-101 | 60011 | hyaku | 「百」 | {en} | {fr} | {de} |
J-101 | 60012 | sen | 「千」 | {en} | {fr} | {de} |
J-101 | 60013 | man | 「萬」 (万) | {en} | {fr} | {de} |
J-101 | 60020 | yaku | 「役」 | Winning condition | [une] condition gagnante | [---] Gewinnberechtigung |
J-101 | 60022 | dora | 「ドラ」 | Bonus point | [un] point boni | [---] Bonusstein |
J-101 | 60022 | han | 「翻」 | {en} | {fr} | [---] Siegpunkt(e) |
J-101 | 60023 | fu | 「府」 | {en} | {fr} | {de} |
J-101 | 60024 | ten | 「点」 | {en} | {fr} | {de} |
J-101 | 65001 | onegai shimasu | 「お願いします」 | {en} | {fr} | {de} |
J-101 | 65011 | arigatou gozaimasu | 「ありがとうございます」 | {en} | {fr} | {de} |
J-101 | 69101 | (1han 30fu) senten | 「千点」 | 1,000 points | 1 000 points | 1 000 Punkte |
J-101 | 69104 | (1han 30fu) goumii | 「ゴーミー」 | 500/300 points {lit.} Trash {fig.} |
500 / 300 points {lit.} Déchets {fig.} |
{de} |
J-101 | 69105 | (1han) nomi | 「のみ」 | "___" only | "___" seulement | {de} |
J-101 | 69111 | (2han 30fu) nisen{ten} | 「二千点」 | 2,000 points | 2 000 points | 2 000 Punkte |
J-101 | 69114 | gottou | 「ゴットー」 | 500/1000 points {lit.} | 500 / 1 000 points {lit.} | 500 / 1 000 Punkte {lit.} |
J-101 | 69123 | niiroku | 「ニーロク」 | 2,600 points | 2 600 points | 2 600 Punkte |
J-101 | 69124 | shichitousan | 「シチトーサン」 | {en} | {fr} | {de} |
J-101 | 69133 | sannii | 「サンニー」 | 3,200 points | 3 200 points | 3 200 Punkte |
J-101 | 69142 | sen nisen | 「千 二千」 | {en} | {fr} | {de} |
J-101 | 69143 | zanku {sankyuu} | 「ザンク」 | 3,900 points | 3 900 points | 3 900 Punkte |
J-101 | 69153 | gounii | 「ゴーニー」 | 5,200 points | 5 200 points | 5 200 Punkte |
J-101 | 69154 | ichisan niroku | 「イチサン ニーロク」 | {en} | {fr} | {de} |
J-101 | 69163 | rokuyon | 「ロクヨン」 | 6,400 points | 6 400 points | 6 400 Punkte |
J-101 | 69164 | ichiroku sannii | 「イチロク サンニー」 | {en} | {fr} | {de} |
J-101 | 69171 | ... | 「jpKanji」 | {en} | {fr} | {de} |
J-101 | 69174 | nisen zanku | 「二千 ザンク」 | {en} | {fr} | {de} |
J-101 | 69181 | hassen | 「八千」 | 1,000 points | 1 000 points | 1 000 Punkte |
J-101 | 69182 | nisen yonsen | 「二千 四千」 | {en} | {fr} | {de} |
J-101 | 69203 | ichigo | 「イチゴー」 | 1,500 points {lit.} Strawberry {fig.} |
1 500 points {lit.} Fraise {fig.} |
1 500 Punkte {lit.} [die] Erdbeere {fig.} |
J-101 | 69213 | niikuu | 「ニークー」 | 2,900 points | 2 900 points | 2 900 Punkte |
J-101 | 69243 | goppaa | 「ゴーパー」 | 5,800 points | 5 800 points | 5 800 Punkte |
J-101 | 69263 | kunroku | 「クンロク」 | 9,600 points | 9 600 points | 9 600 Punkte |
J-101 | 69273 | pinpinroku | 「ピンピンロク」 | 11,600 points | 11 600 points | 11 600 Punkte |
J-101 | 69281 | ichiman nisen | 「一万二千」 | 12,000 points | 12 000 points | 12 000 Punkte |
J-101 | 69303 | ichiroku | 「イチロク」 | 16,000 points | 16 000 points | 16 000 Punkte |
J-101 | 69313 | inpachi | 「インパチ」 | 18,000 points | 18 000 points | 18 000 Punkte |
J-101 | 60001 | 。 | 「。」 | {en} | {fr} | {de} |
J-Chinese | 70001 | houra | 「和了」 | {en} | {fr} | {de} |
J-Chinese | 70001 | min | 「明」 | {en} | {fr} | {de} |
J-Chinese | 70001 | an | 「暗」 | {en} | {fr} | {de} |
J-Chinese | 70001 | houra | 「和了」 | {en} | {fr} | {de} |
J-Chinese | 70001 | houra | 「和了」 | {en} | {fr} | {de} |
J-Chinese | 70001 | houra | 「和了」 | {en} | {fr} | {de} |
J-Chinese | 70001 | houra | 「和了」 | {en} | {fr} | {de} |
J-Chinese | 70001 | houra | 「和了」 | {en} | {fr} | {de} |
J-Chinese | 70001 | houra | 「和了」 | {en} | {fr} | {de} |
J-Chinese | 70001 | houra | 「和了」 | {en} | {fr} | {de} |
... | 80001 | . | 「jpKanji」 | {en} | {fr} | {de} |
... | 90001 | . | 「jpKanji」 | {en} | {fr} | {de} |
Table notes
Japanese
- ↑ Japanese terms are written when possible with extended vowels, without hyphens or macrons.
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- ↑ But Miller points out that the Sun is not as large as some other stars.
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is not used in prior text.Controversial translation by language
French
Generally, there are two main sources for French terminology: the French Federation of Mah-Jong (FFMJ), and Club Riichi de Montréal (CRM), as well as various authors hailing from the spheres of influence of the two organizations. Some terms may not reflect the words in usage in either area and there is no sustained effort to either harmonize or even officialize the terminology used. While Senechal's point of view is heavily biased towards CRM, the goal is to maintain as much similitude as possible. French has a wide gamut of precise terms to describe more things than in English. The caveats to this are when a translation was poorly done on either end, or if a non-riichi version of mahjong introduces a term conflicting with Japanese mahjong.
Pinzu: Cercle versus sapèque
Pinzu have been referred to as "cercles" by the Réunion Federation of Mah-Jong (FRMJ), a sub-group of the FFMJ, as well as in books by Stéphane Parcollet. Everyone can understand that circles are round. The problem lies in the fact that circles are monolinear abstract objects, whereas the concrete objects represented are coins used in China, with holes in them. Whereas the English term for them (cash) has not caught on, the French language has the term sapèque, which is quite precise, unambiguous, and does not raise eyebrows related to anti-gambling prejudice like cash would in English.
As cercles would cause a shorthand conflict with caractères or chiffres (see below), it also poorly serves a disambiguative purpose.
Ruling: Use sapèque, never cercle (imprecise).
Manzu: Caractère versus chiffre, nombre
The word characters is a poor choice in any language, as Asian languages use characters for everything. Mahjong tiles themselves have 15 different tiles (from the base 34 types) that have Chinese characters on them. This leads to a lot of confusion with character, number, digit and word. All tiles from 1 to 9 (108 tiles) are called suupai (number tiles), and all other tiles (28 tiles) represent winds and dragons, called jihai (word tiles). But if words on word tiles are characters, then why call anything characters?
Note: TBD in English.
Ruling: Use chiffre in French, not caractère (imprecise) nor nombre (other use).
Cross-language issues
Pinzu versus Tonzu
The cash coins represented on mahjong tiles would be accurately described as tonzu. However, many areas in China, as well as the people who helped disseminate mahjong in Japan were using the term pinzu, representing barrels as opposed to coins. In the western world, there is no clear term used: circles and dots in English, cercles and sapèques in French, etc. While standardizing to one word per language serves a purpose, forcefully aligning every language to a singular concept may not be beneficial.
Ruling: pinzu in Japanese, sapèque in French, TBD in English.
Souzu versus Bamboo
Souzu in Japanese represents what it does in Chinese: string stacks of coins, representing 100 coins per stack. It in no way means bamboo (it's not called chikuzu), but as it has garnered overwhelming traction in all languages even by people uninterested in mahjong, it would be pointless to change a term that has garnered more acceptance than the game itself.
Terminals versus Ends
There is a dispute as whether to use terminals or ends for the terms yaochuuhai and routouhai. In English and French, the logic that applies is that a terminal must be at the start, finish, or sole point in a line, whereas an end must be at the start or finish of a non-zero length line. In German, there is an expression, "Alles hat ein Ende, nur die Wurst hat zwei". It is important to consider the three suits (die Farbe) as being the sausage here.
Ruling: Yaochuuhai, even if it says "1-9-tiles" in Japanese and Chinese, means all of ones, nines, winds and dragons: it is thus translated as terminals.
Routouhai refers specifically to ones and nines exclusively: both honroutou and chinroutou require that consistency be kept among the terms (and tsuuiisou requires none), and thus, it should be translated as ends.
Notes
The index key provided is currently a work in progress. The last digit is used for overlapping terminology or ideas.
External links
}Japanese | Kanji | Explanation | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
... | 80001 | agari | 「和がり」 | {en} | {fr} | {de} |
... | 80001 | aidayonken | 「間四軒」 | {en} | {fr} | {de} |
... | 80001 | akapai | 「赤牌」 | {en} | {fr} | {de} |
... | 80001 | anpai | 「安牌」 | {en} | {fr} | {de} |
... | 80001 | aotenjou | 「青天井」 | {en} | {fr} | {de} |
... | 80001 | ariari | 「アリアリ」 | {en} | {fr} | {de} |
... | 80001 | atama | 「頭」 | {en} | {fr} | {de} |
... | 80001 | atamahane | 「頭跳ね」 | {en} | {fr} | {de} |
... | 80001 | atozuke | 「先付け」 | {en} | {fr} | {de} |
... | 80001 | awaseuchi | 「合わせ打ち」 | {en} | {fr} | {de} |
... | 80001 | ba | 「場」 | {en} | {fr} | {de} |
... | 80001 | baiman | 「倍満」 | {en} | {fr} | {de} |
... | 80001 | bakaze | 「場風」 | {en} | {fr} | {de} |
... | 80001 | barai | 「払い」 | {en} | {fr} | {de} |
... | 80001 | bazoro | 「場ゾロ」 | {en} | {fr} | {de} |
... | 80001 | betaori | 「ベタ降り」 | {en} | {fr} | {de} |
... | 80001 | chombo | 「錯和」 | {en} | {fr} | {de} |
... | 80001 | chunchan | 「中張」 | {en} | {fr} | {de} |
... | 80001 | chunchanhai | 「中張牌」 | {en} | {fr} | {de} |
... | 80001 | daburon | 「ダブロン」 | {en} | {fr} | {de} |
... | 80001 | daiminkan | 「大明槓」 | {en} | {fr} | {de} |
... | 80001 | damaten | 「黙聴」 | {en} | {fr} | {de} |
... | 80001 | wanpai | 「王牌」 | {en} | {fr} | {de} |
... | 80001 | oya | 「親」 | {en} | {fr} | {de} |
... | 80001 | digital | 「デジタル」 | {en} | {fr} | {de} |
... | 80001 | . | 「jpKanji」 | {en} | {fr} | {de} |
... | 80001 | . | 「jpKanji」 | {en} | {fr} | {de} |
... | 80001 | . | 「jpKanji」 | {en} | {fr} | {de} |
... | 80001 | . | 「jpKanji」 | {en} | {fr} | {de} |
... | 80001 | . | 「jpKanji」 | {en} | {fr} | {de} |
... | 80001 | . | 「jpKanji」 | {en} | {fr} | {de} |
... | 80001 | . | 「jpKanji」 | {en} | {fr} | {de} |
... | 80001 | . | 「jpKanji」 | {en} | {fr} | {de} |
... | 80001 | . | 「jpKanji」 | {en} | {fr} | {de} |
... | 80001 | . | 「jpKanji」 | {en} | {fr} | {de} |
... | 80001 | . | 「jpKanji」 | {en} | {fr} | {de} |
... | 80001 | . | 「jpKanji」 | {en} | {fr} | {de} |
discard area pond kawa 河·discard area/pond | 河 | Means "river". | ||||
discard kiru cut 切る·discard | 切る | Means "to cut". | ||||
dora ドラ·dora | ドラ | A tile designated to provide a bonus, as indicated by the dora indicator (dora hyoujihai). The 4 tiles designated provide a bonus han each. | ||||
dorahyouji ドラ表示·dorahyouji | ドラ表示 | The tile in the dead wall indicating the dora, visibly flipped in the third stack. The actual dora flipped is the following tile in the same suit, nines designate the one as dora, winds E->S->W->N->E, dragons Red->White->Green->Red. | ||||
dragons sangenpai 三元牌·dragons | 三元牌 | The tile group to designate any of the three dragons. | ||||
furikomi 振り込み·furikomi | 振り込み | A payment, also "barai". | ||||
furiten 振聴·furiten | 振聴 | To be Tenpai and waiting on a tile that you have already discarded. | ||||
fuutei 副底·fuutei | 副底 | The 20 base Fu used when calculating score, given by default rather than from composition. | ||||
genbutsu 現物·genbutsu | 現物 | A 100% safe tile. | ||||
haipai 配牌·haipai | 配牌 | The distribution of tiles to all players at the beginning of a round. | ||||
haiteihai 海底牌·haiteihai | 海底牌 | The last drawable tile in the wall. | ||||
hanchan 半荘·hanchan | 半荘 | A game consisting of an East and South round. Most common in Japanese Mahjong. | ||||
haneman 跳満·haneman | 跳満 | Hand with 6 or 7 han, worth 12000 points (18000 for the dealer). | ||||
harabote 腹ボテ·harabote | 腹ボテ | A Shanpon or Tanki wait embedded inside a Shuntsu. For example, 4556 waiting on 5. | ||||
honba 本場·honba | 本場 | The number of consecutive Ren Chans, usually indicated by 100-point sticks. | ||||
houjuu 放銃·houjuu | 放銃 | To deal into a hand. | ||||
houteihai 河底牌·houteihai | 河底牌 | The tile discarded by the player who just drew the Haitei-hai. | ||||
iichan 一荘·iichan | 一荘 | A game consisting of East, South, West, and North rounds. More common in Chinese variants. | ||||
ikasama イカサマ·ikasama | イカサマ | To cheat using sleight of hand, etc. | ||||
inchiki インチキ·inchiki | インチキ | To cheat using hacks, bug exploits, etc. | ||||
jigokumachi hell wait 地獄待ち·jigokumachi | 地獄待ち | A wait in which all but one of the winning tiles are visible or claimed. | ||||
jihai 字牌·jihai | 字牌 | Character tiles (sangenpai + kazehai). | ||||
jikaze 自風·jikaze | 自風 | Seat wind. | ||||
jun 巡·jun | 巡 | The turn number within a round. | ||||
kamicha 上家·kamicha | 上家 | The player to your left. | ||||
kandora カンドラ·kandora | カンドラ | A rule that causes more Dora indicators to be flipped when a Kan is made. | ||||
kazehai 風牌·kazehai | 風牌 | Wind tiles. | ||||
kikenhai 危険牌·kikenhai | 危険牌 | Dangerous tile. | ||||
kiriage mangan 切り上げ満貫·kiriage mangan | 切り上げ満貫 | Rule setting increasing scores close to mangan to be valued as mangan (e.g. 4 han 30 fu, or 3 han 60 fu) instead of 7700 or 11600 points. | ||||
kiru 切る·kiru | 切る | To discard a tile. | ||||
kuikae 喰い替え·kuikae | 喰い替え | A rule that allows you to call a tile, then discard another tile that could have completed the meld. For example, to Chi 123 and discard a 4. | ||||
kuisagari 喰い下がり·kuisagari | 喰い下がり | A property of some yaku that reduces the value by 1 han when the hand is open. See chanta, junchan, honitsu, chinitsu, ittsu. | ||||
kuitan 喰い断·kuitan | 喰い断 | A rule that allows Tanyao to be open. | ||||
kyoku 局·kyoku | 局 | A round that begins with the dealing of tiles and ends with the declaration of a win or draw. 4 per wind round, e.g. East 1st round, East 2nd round, etc. | ||||
machi 待ち·machi | 待ち | A tenpai hand's wait, e.g. Ryanmen, Kanchan, etc. | ||||
mangan 満貫·mangan | 満貫 | Hand with 5 han (all), 4 han (many, with 32+ fu) or 3 han (rare, with 62+ fu), worth 8000 points (12000 for the dealer). | ||||
mawashiuchi 回し打ち·mawashiuchi | 回し打ち | Attempting to both win a hand and deal only safe tiles. Pretty hard unless you have really good radar. | ||||
menzen 門前·menzen | 門前 | A fully closed hand (no open melds). | ||||
nagashi mangan 流し満貫·nagashi mangan | 流し満貫 | [5-han yaku] Only terminals and honours have been discarded, and none of them been called after a draw. | ||||
nashinashi ナシナシ·nashinashi | ナシナシ | Opposite of ariari mahjong, restricting both open tanyao as well as waiting to complete a yaku without already having one. (See atozuke for what's restricted) | ||||
no ten bappu noten ノーテン罰符·no ten bappu | ノーテン罰符 | A payment made at the end of a round by those who are not tenpai (or choose not to reveal their hands) to those who are tenpai. | ||||
nobetan 延べ単·nobetan | 延べ単 | A double tanki wait, e.g.: 4567 waiting on 4 or 7. | ||||
nukidora 抜きドラ·nukidora | 抜きドラ | A tile that counts as Dora when extracted from the hand, e.g. flower tiles or the North in most three-player variants (such as on Tenhou). | ||||
occult オカルト·occult | オカルト | A school of thought that opposes Digital and believes that the outcome of a game is affected by luck, flow, Mahjong demons, etc. | ||||
okkake okkakeriichi 追いかけリーチ·okkakeriichi | 追いかけリーチ | Following with another riichi. To make a riichi declaration after someone else rather than defend. | ||||
oorasu オーラス·oorasu | オーラス | The final round of a game (South 4th round in a Han Chan). Probably a contraction of English "all last". | ||||
open kui tanyaochuu (kuitan) 喰い断幺九·kui tanyaochuu (kuitan) | 喰い断幺九 | [1-han yaku] An open Tanyaochuu. | ||||
otakaze 客風·otakaze | 客風 | Guest winds, providing no bonus to the player with them. For example, if you are South seat in East round, then your guest winds are West and North. | ||||
pao sekinin 包·pao | 包 | A property of certain hands that causes one person to be responsible for the whole payment if they discarded the tile that made it a yakuman. Covers half of other's ron payments, all in case of tsumo. Daisangen, Daisuushi, Suukantsu -- as well as dealing a live tile claimed in a Kan enabling that player to win with Rinshan Kaihou -- are the only hands this applies to in riichi mahjong. | ||||
renchan 連荘·renchan | 連荘 | A continuation of dealer position because the dealer either won or was tenpai at the end of the round. | ||||
riipai 理牌·riipai | 理牌 | Sorting the tiles in your hand. | ||||
rinshanpai 嶺上牌·rinshanpai | 嶺上牌 | The tile drawn after making a Kan. | ||||
routouhai 老頭牌·routouhai | 老頭牌 | The tiles numbered 1 and 9 only. (sub-group of yaochuuhai) | ||||
ryanhan shibari 二飜縛り·ryanhan shibari | 二飜縛り | After 5 renchans, a 2 han minimum hand is needed for others to win against the dealer. | ||||
sangenpai 三元牌·sangenpai | 三元牌 | Haku, Hatsu, and Chun. | ||||
sashikomi 差し込み·sashikomi | 差し込み | Intentionally dealing into an opponent's hand. Appropriate for paying a small hand to avoid risking paying a big one. Inappropriate for throwing a winner to someone with a monster hand. | ||||
shanten 向聴·shanten | 向聴 | Number of tiles needed to reach tenpai. A hand with two calls and 13579EE in the same suit is one away from tenpai (1-shanten) because a 2, 4, 6 or 8 could be incorporated into the hand to make it into a waiting hand (tenpai). | ||||
shibori 絞り·shibori | 絞り | Holding on to tiles that an opponent would otherwise be likely to Pon or Chi. | ||||
shimocha 下家·shimocha | 下家 | The player to your right. | ||||
shonpai 生牌·shonpai | 生牌 | A "live tile", i.e. has not yet been discarded this round. | ||||
shuupai 数牌·shuupai | 数牌 | Number tiles. Also "suupai". | ||||
suit shoku color colour 色·suit | 色 | Suffix used to represent the use of specific tile suits, pin, sou, man. Means "colour". | ||||
suji 筋·suji | 筋 | The tiles that complete Ryanmen waits. The basis for many discard reading theories. Means "muscle". | ||||
suupai 数牌·suupai | 数牌 | Number tiles. Also "shuupai". | ||||
tanki 単騎·tanki | 単騎 | A wait on a single tile to complete the pair (jantou). | ||||
tanyaohai 断幺牌·tanyaohai | 断幺牌 | The tiles numbered 2 through 8. Also "chun chan hai". | ||||
tenbou 点棒·tenbou | 点棒 | Point sticks. | ||||
tenpai 聴牌·tenpai | 聴牌 | A hand that needs only one tile to win. | ||||
toimen 対面·toimen | 対面 | The player sitting directly across from you. | ||||
tonpuusen 東風戦·tonpuusen | 東風戦 | A game consisting of an East only round. | ||||
tsumo 自摸·tsumo | 自摸 | A self-drawn tile. Usually announced when winning a hand, but can refer to any drawn tile. | ||||
tsumokiri ツモ切り·tsumokiri | ツモ切り | Discarding the tile that was just drawn. | ||||
uradora 裏ドラ·uradora | 裏ドラ | Additional dora which can be earned by winning with Riichi. | ||||
wanpai 王牌·wanpai | 王牌 | The "dead" section of wall that can't be used except for Dora indicators and Kan draws. | ||||
wareme 割れ目·wareme | 割れ目 | A rule that doubles any payment involving the player whose wall was broken at the start of the round. | ||||
winds kazehai 風牌·winds | 風牌 | Means "wind tiles". | ||||
yakitori 焼き鳥·yakitori | 焼き鳥 | A rule that requires players to win at least one hand or pay a penalty. | ||||
yaku yakuman 役満·yakuman | 役満 | Hand with a special yaku or 13 or more han, payout 48000/36000. | ||||
yaku 役·yaku | 役 | A scoring pattern in the hand that awards Han, such as Tanyao or Toitoi. | ||||
yaochuuhai 幺九牌·yaochuuhai | 幺九牌 | The tiles numbered 1 and 9 (routouhai) plus characters (jihai). | ||||
zentsuppa 全ツッパ·zentsuppa | 全ツッパ | A (generally losing) strategy that attempts to win a hand at all costs while ignoring the possibility of dealing into an opponent's hand. | ||||
karagiri 空切り·karagiri | 片切り | Discarding a copy of the tile that was just drawn. A disguised tsumokiri. | ||||
tenpane tempane 点パネ·tenpane | 点パネ | Scoring 12 or more fu points, excluding fuutei (20) and menzen kafu (10), causing the score to reach the 40 point level, or 50 for menzen ron. (syn.: fuhane) | ||||
fuhane 符跳ね·fuhane | 符跳ね | Scoring 12 or more fu points, excluding fuutei (20) and menzen kafu (10), causing the score to reach the 40 point level, or 50 for menzen ron. (syn.: tenpane) | ||||
paifu record 牌譜·paifu | 牌譜 | Game record, log or other device used to record the progress of hands or games of mahjong. | ||||
chiicha chicha first 起家·chiicha | 起家 | Starting dealer, first East, Sometimes associated with the “chiicha marker” for a later reminder where to stop the game or change winds. | ||||
suufonrenda suufon renda 四風連打·suufon renda | 四風連打 | A drawn hand provoked by an initial discard of 4 winds, each the same wind from all 4 players. (Theoretical chances of it occuring: 1 in 104 hands) | ||||