List of terminology translations: Difference between revisions

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| Basic B || 3*141 || daiminkan || 「jpKanji」 || {en} || [un] carré complété {brelan exposé augmenté} || {de}  
| Basic B || 3*141 || daiminkan || 「jpKanji」 || {en} || [un] carré complété {brelan exposé augmenté} || {de}  
|-
|-
| Basic B || 3*151 || kakan || 「jpKanji」 || {en} || {fr} || {de}  
| Basic B || 3*151 || kakan || 「加槓」 || {en} || {fr} || {de}  
|-
|-
| Basic B || 30161 || okurikan || 「jpKanji」 || Four identical tiles || [un] ensemble de quatres tuiles identiques || {de}  
| Basic B || 30161 || okurikan || 「送り槓」 || Four identical tiles || [un] ensemble de quatres tuiles identiques || {de}  
|-
|-
| Basic B || 30171 || ryanmen || 「両面」 || Side wait {open} || attente (ouverte) à deux bords || {de}  
| Basic B || 30171 || ryanmen || 「両面」 || Side wait {open} || [une] attente (ouverte) à deux bords || {de}  
|-
|-
| Basic B || 30181 || kanchan || 「」 || Gutter wait {closed} || attente (fermée) entre deux || {de}  
| Basic B || 30181 || kanchan || 「嵌張」 || Gutter wait {closed} || [une] attente (fermée) entre deux || {de}  
|-
|-
| Basic B || 30191 || penchan || 「jpKanji」 || Edge wait || attente sur le bord || {de}  
| Basic B || 30191 || penchan || 「辺張」 || Edge wait || [une] attente sur le bord || {de}  
|-
|-
| Basic B || 30201 || tanki || 「単騎」 || Single wait || attente unique || {de}  
| Basic B || 30201 || tanki || 「単騎」 || Single wait || [une] attente unique || {de}  
|-
|-
| Basic B || 30211 || shanpon || 「」 || Two-pair wait || attente sur deux paires || {de}  
| Basic B || 30211 || shanpon || 「双ポン」 || Two-pair wait || [une] attente sur deux paires || {de}
|-
| Basic B || 30212 || shabo || 「シャボ」 || Two-pair wait || [une] attente sur deux paires || {de}
|-
| Basic B || 30301 || ryankan || 「両嵌」 || Two-gutter shape || [la] forme à deux trous || {de}  
|-
|-
| Basic D || 50001 || ii ⚀ || 「1」「①」「一」 || One || un || {de}  
| Basic D || 50001 || ii ⚀ || 「1」「①」「一」 || One || un || {de}  
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| J-101 || 60001 || 。 || 「。」 || {en} || {fr} || {de}  
| J-101 || 60001 || 。 || 「。」 || {en} || {fr} || {de}  
|-
|-
| ... || 70001 || . || 「jpKanji」 || {en} || {fr} || {de}  
| J-Chinese || 70001 || houra || 「和了」 || {en} || {fr} || {de}
|-
| J-Chinese || 70001 || min || 「明」 || {en} || {fr} || {de}
|-
| J-Chinese || 70001 || an || 「暗」 || {en} || {fr} || {de}
|-
| J-Chinese || 70001 || houra || 「和了」 || {en} || {fr} || {de}
|-
| J-Chinese || 70001 || houra || 「和了」 || {en} || {fr} || {de}
|-
| J-Chinese || 70001 || houra || 「和了」 || {en} || {fr} || {de}
|-
| J-Chinese || 70001 || houra || 「和了」 || {en} || {fr} || {de}
|-
| J-Chinese || 70001 || houra || 「和了」 || {en} || {fr} || {de}
|-
| J-Chinese || 70001 || houra || 「和了」 || {en} || {fr} || {de}
|-
| J-Chinese || 70001 || houra || 「和了」 || {en} || {fr} || {de}  
|-
|-
| ... || 80001 || . || 「jpKanji」 || {en} || {fr} || {de}  
| ... || 80001 || . || 「jpKanji」 || {en} || {fr} || {de}  
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!Explanation
!Explanation
|-
|-
|agari 和がり·agari
| ... || 80001 || agari || 「和がり」 || {en} || {fr} || {de}
| 和がり
|-
| Winning a hand, e.g. tsumo-agari, ron-agari.
| ... || 80001 || aidayonken || 「間四軒」 || {en} || {fr} || {de}
|-
| ... || 80001 || akapai || 「赤牌」 || {en} || {fr} || {de}
|-
| ... || 80001 || anpai || 「安牌」 || {en} || {fr} || {de}
|-
| ... || 80001 || aotenjou || 「青天井」 || {en} || {fr} || {de}
|-
|-
|aidayonken 間四軒·aidayonken
| ... || 80001 || ariari || 「アリアリ」 || {en} || {fr} || {de}
| 間四軒
| An interval of four between two discarded number tiles. Usually indicates dangerous waits. A discarded 1 and 6 make a 2—5 wait very probable.
|-
|-
|akapai 赤牌·akapai
| ... || 80001 || atama || 「頭」 || {en} || {fr} || {de}
| 赤牌
| Red tiles that count as Dora. Usually (but not always) fives.
|-
|-
|an 暗·an
| ... || 80001 || atamahane || 「頭跳ね」 || {en} || {fr} || {de}
|
| Means "dark", refers to tiles that are concealed in the hand.
|-
|-
|anpai 安牌·anpai
| ... || 80001 || atozuke || 「先付け」 || {en} || {fr} || {de}
| 安牌
| Safe tile.
|-
|-
|aotenjou 青天井·aotenjou
| ... || 80001 || awaseuchi || 「合わせ打ち」 || {en} || {fr} || {de}
| 青天井
| No limits, e.g. 5-han 30-fu becomes worth 15400 points instead of being capped at Mangan (8000).
|-
|-
|ariari アリアリ·ariari
| ... || 80001 || ba || 「場」 || {en} || {fr} || {de}
| アリアリ
| Ruleset which allows kuitan and atozuke. Most common basic set of rules in Japan.
|-
|-
|atama 頭·atama
| ... || 80001 || baiman || 「倍満」 || {en} || {fr} || {de}
|
| The pair in a standard mahjong hand (four groups and one pair). Also "jantou".
|-
|-
|atamahane 頭跳ね·atamahane
| ... || 80001 || bakaze || 「場風」 || {en} || {fr} || {de}
| 頭跳ね
| A rule that allows only one Ron at a time -- the closest to the discarder in turn order takes priority.
|-
|-
|atozuke 先付け·atozuke
| ... || 80001 || barai || 「払い」 || {en} || {fr} || {de}
| 先付け
| A rule that allows hands without yaku to ron if the winning tile would create a yaku. (antonym: sakizuke)
|-
|-
|awaseuchi 合わせ打ち·awaseuchi
| ... || 80001 || bazoro || 「場ゾロ」 || {en} || {fr} || {de}
| 合わせ打ち
| Discarding the same tile as someone else, to avoid dealing into their hand.
|-
|-
|ba 場·ba
| ... || 80001 || betaori || 「ベタ降り」 || {en} || {fr} || {de}
| 場
| A "wind round", e.g. tonba (east round) or nanba (south round).
|-
|-
|baiman 倍満·baiman
| ... || 80001 || chombo || 「錯和」 || {en} || {fr} || {de}
| 倍満
| Hand with 8 to 10 han, worth 16000 points (24000 for the dealer).
|-
|-
|bakaze 場風·bakaze
| ... || 80001 || chunchan || 「中張」 || {en} || {fr} || {de}
| 場風
| Round wind.
|-
|-
|barai 払い·barai
| ... || 80001 || chunchanhai || 「中張牌」 || {en} || {fr} || {de}
| 払い
| A payment (also "furikomi").
|-
|-
|bazoro 場ゾロ·bazoro
| ... || 80001 || daburon || 「ダブロン」 || {en} || {fr} || {de}
| 場ゾロ
| The two base Han used when calculating score, given by default rather than from yaku.
|-
|-
|betaori ベタ降り·betaori
| ... || 80001 || daiminkan || 「大明槓」 || {en} || {fr} || {de}
| ベタ降り
| A strategy that focuses entirely on avoiding dealing into opponents' hands, with no intention of advancing one's own hand.
|-
|-
|chiihou 地和·chiihou
| ... || 80001 || damaten || 「黙聴」 || {en} || {fr} || {de}
| 地和
|-
| [Yakuman] Non-dealer wins of the first drawn tile (on an uninterruped turn).
| ... || 80001 || wanpai || 「王牌」 || {en} || {fr} || {de}
|-
| ... || 80001 || oya || 「親」 || {en} || {fr} || {de}
|-
| ... || 80001 || digital || 「デジタル」 || {en} || {fr} || {de}
|-
| ... || 80001 || . || 「jpKanji」 || {en} || {fr} || {de}
|-
| ... || 80001 || . || 「jpKanji」 || {en} || {fr} || {de}
|-
|-
|chombo chonbo 冲合 錯和·chombo
| ... || 80001 || . || 「jpKanji」 || {en} || {fr} || {de}
| 錯和
| [score -= mangan] A term to designate major penalties (invalid ron, overturning the wall, other fouls) that result in a mangan payment split to your opponents. The hand is considered null and void, riichi deposits are returned, no repeater added. (Dealer may lose the deal depending on local rules.)
|-
|-
|chunchan 中張·chunchan
| ... || 80001 || . || 「jpKanji」 || {en} || {fr} || {de}
| 中張
| The zone of tiles numbered from 2 through 8, representing tiles that can be grouped with tiles on each of its sides.
|-
|-
|chunchanhai chunchan hai 中張牌·chunchanhai
| ... || 80001 || . || 「jpKanji」 || {en} || {fr} || {de}
| 中張牌
| The tiles in the zone numbered from 2 through 8. See tanyao for related yaku. (opposite: yaochuuhai)
|-
|-
|daburon ダブロン·daburon
| ... || 80001 || . || 「jpKanji」 || {en} || {fr} || {de}
| ダブロン
| A rule that allows two people to Ron the same tile.
|-
|-
|daiminkan 大明槓·daiminkan
| ... || 80001 || . || 「jpKanji」 || {en} || {fr} || {de}
| 大明槓
| An open kan made by calling a discarded tile.
|-
|-
|daisuushi 大四喜·daisuushi
| ... || 80001 || . || 「jpKanji」 || {en} || {fr} || {de}
| 大四喜
| [2x Yakuman] Hand composed with sets (3 or 4 tiles) of each the east, south, west and north winds. The pair can be anything legal.
|-
|-
|damaten 黙聴·damaten
| ... || 80001 || . || 「jpKanji」 || {en} || {fr} || {de}
| 黙聴
| Silent tenpai, without calling riichi.
|-
|-
|dead wall wanpai 王牌·dead wall
| ... || 80001 || . || 「jpKanji」 || {en} || {fr} || {de}
| 王牌
| The 14 tiles that are considered to be out of play. One tile in the third stack is visible as a dora indicator. If replacement tiles are taken from the first two stacks, the wall is replenished from the last tiles normally “in play”.
|-
|-
|dealer oya 親·dealer
| ... || 80001 || . || 「jpKanji」 || {en} || {fr} || {de}
|
| The dealer position is referred to as oya (parent), in opposition to other players designated as ko (children), The oya is entitled to a 50% bonus on wins, but pays 50% (twice the others' payments) in case of opponent self-draw.
|-
|-
|digital デジタル·digital
| ... || 80001 || . || 「jpKanji」 || {en} || {fr} || {de}
| デジタル
 
| A school of thought that opposes Occult and believes that the outcome of a game can be explained by probability and statistics.
|-
|-
|discard area pond kawa 河·discard area/pond
|discard area pond kawa 河·discard area/pond
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| 三元牌
| 三元牌
| The tile group to designate any of the three dragons.
| The tile group to designate any of the three dragons.
|-
|fanpai 自風/場風·fanpai
| 自風/場風
| [1-han yaku] A meld of the round or seat wind. Worth 2 han if round and seat wind are the same.
|-
|-
|furikomi 振り込み·furikomi
|furikomi 振り込み·furikomi
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| 放銃
| 放銃
| To deal into a hand.
| To deal into a hand.
|-
|houra 和了·houra
| 和了
| To win a hand, e.g. Tsumo-hou, Ron-hou. Also found in a few yaku names like "Toitoi-hou".
|-
|-
|houteihai 河底牌·houteihai
|houteihai 河底牌·houteihai
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| 巡
| 巡
| The turn number within a round.
| The turn number within a round.
|-
|kakan chakan 加槓·chakan
| 加槓
| A kan that was upgraded from a melded set, from a player's own draws or hand.
|-
|-
|kamicha 上家·kamicha
|kamicha 上家·kamicha
| 上家
| 上家
| The player to your left.
| The player to your left.
|-
|kanchan 嵌張·kanchan
| 嵌張
| A wait that completes the inside of a run, e.g. 46 waiting on 5.
|-
|-
|kandora カンドラ·kandora
|kandora カンドラ·kandora
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| 門前
| 門前
| A fully closed hand (no open melds).
| A fully closed hand (no open melds).
|-
|min 明·min
| 明
| Means "light", refers to tiles that have been exposed by calling.
|-
|-
|nagashi mangan 流し満貫·nagashi mangan
|nagashi mangan 流し満貫·nagashi mangan
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| 追いかけリーチ
| 追いかけリーチ
| Following with another riichi. To make a riichi declaration after someone else rather than defend.
| Following with another riichi. To make a riichi declaration after someone else rather than defend.
|-
|okurikan 送り槓·okurikan
| 送り槓
| Four identical tiles left undeclared in order to use the tiles for other melds instead of forming a kan, e.g. 333345 = (333) (345).
|-
|-
|oorasu オーラス·oorasu
|oorasu オーラス·oorasu
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| 包
| 包
| A property of certain hands that causes one person to be responsible for the whole payment if they discarded the tile that made it a yakuman. Covers half of other's ron payments, all in case of tsumo. Daisangen, Daisuushi, Suukantsu -- as well as dealing a live tile claimed in a Kan enabling that player to win with Rinshan Kaihou -- are the only hands this applies to in riichi mahjong.
| A property of certain hands that causes one person to be responsible for the whole payment if they discarded the tile that made it a yakuman. Covers half of other's ron payments, all in case of tsumo. Daisangen, Daisuushi, Suukantsu -- as well as dealing a live tile claimed in a Kan enabling that player to win with Rinshan Kaihou -- are the only hands this applies to in riichi mahjong.
|-
|penchan 辺張·penchan
| 辺張
| A wait consisting of 12 waiting on 3, or 89 waiting on 7.
|-
|-
|renchan 連荘·renchan
|renchan 連荘·renchan
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| 二飜縛り
| 二飜縛り
| After 5 renchans, a 2 han minimum hand is needed for others to win against the dealer.
| After 5 renchans, a 2 han minimum hand is needed for others to win against the dealer.
|-
|ryankan 両嵌·ryankan
| 両嵌
| A non-standard group of three tiles, extending the kanchan concept of a single taatsu of 35 to a double-gutted numerical sequence such as 135 or 357. Note: this only counts as one taatsu, and is not a wait structure, as a hand cannot be tenpai with it.
|-
|ryanmen 両面·ryanmen
| 両面
| A two-sided wait, e.g. 56 waiting on 4 or 7.
|-
|-
|sangenpai 三元牌·sangenpai
|sangenpai 三元牌·sangenpai
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| 差し込み
| 差し込み
| Intentionally dealing into an opponent's hand. Appropriate for paying a small hand to avoid risking paying a big one. Inappropriate for throwing a winner to someone with a monster hand.
| Intentionally dealing into an opponent's hand. Appropriate for paying a small hand to avoid risking paying a big one. Inappropriate for throwing a winner to someone with a monster hand.
|-
|shabo シャボ·shabo
| シャボ
| Abbreviation of shanpon.
|-
|shanpon 双ポン·shanpon
| 双ポン
| A wait consisting of two pairs, one of which will be part of the final hand as a set.
|-
|-
|shanten 向聴·shanten
|shanten 向聴·shanten

Revision as of 22:13, 11 January 2015

Mahjong is a game that has effectively crossed the borders of both countries and languages. Given this, many languages have taken liberties in translating terms however they felt like, borrowing from other variants' translations or from other games, with mixed results.

Below is a list aiming to provide a translation of all important mahjong terminology: as such, it will be presented in a lexical order by theme. This list aims not to catalog multiple variants but to present a structured translation consistent in all languages with a sufficient player base. Also, it will not present definitions. Translations that are only indicative are preceded by ***, as the Japanese word has been fully assimilated as a normally used word among players. French and German shall indicate gender and plural as appropriate.

List of terms

Theme Key Japanese[ja 1] Characters English French German
Yaku 10101 Riichi 「立直」 Riichi[en 1] — (Ready hand) [inv.] riichi[fr 1] — ([la] main prête) Riichi[de 1]
Yaku 10102 Ippatsu 「一発」 Ippatsu[en 1] — (One-shot) Ippatsu[fr 1] — ([au] premier tour post-riichi) {de}
Yaku 10103 Menzenchin tsumohou 「門前清自摸和」 Menzen tsumo[en 1] — (All concealed) menzen tsumo[fr 1] — ([la] main cachée) {de}
Yaku 10104 Pinfu 「平和」 Pinfu[en 1] — (Flat hand) [le] pinfu[fr 1] — ([la] main plate) {de}
Yaku 10105 Iipeikou 「一盃口」 Double sequence [la] double séquence {de}
Yaku 10111 Tanyao(chuu) 「断幺九」 Tanyao[en 1] — (Simple hand) [le] tanyao[fr 1] — ([la] main simple) {de}
Yaku 10112 Yakuhai 「役牌」 Value tiles [des] Tuiles de valeur {de}
Yaku 10113 Rinshan kaihou 「嶺上開花」 Rinshan[en 1] — (Win off the replacement tile) [le] rinshan[fr 1] — ([la] victoire sur la tuile de remplacement) {de}
Yaku 10114 Chankan 「搶槓」 Chankan[en 1] — (Robbing the kan) [le] rinshan[fr 1] — ([le] kan volé) {de}
Yaku 10115 Haitei raoyue 「海底撈月」 Last pick [la] dernière pioche {de}
Yaku 10116 Houtei raoyui 「河底撈魚」 Last discard [la] dernière défausse {de}
Yaku 10201 Double riichi 「ダブルリーチ」 Double riichi [le] double riichi {de}
Yaku 10202 Chiitoitsu 「七対子」 Seven pairs sept paires {de}
Yaku 10211 Chanta 「全帯幺九」 Chanta[en 1] — (Mixed terminal hand) [le] chanta[fr 1] — ([la] main de terminales mixte) {de}
Yaku 10212 Sanshoku doujun 「三色同順」 Triple sequence [la] triple séquence {de}
Yaku 10213 Ittsu (Ikkitsuukan) 「一気通貫」  Straight [le] serpentin {de}
Yaku 10221 Toitoi 「対々」 All triplets tous brelans {de}
Yaku 10222 Sanankou 「三暗刻」 Three concealed triplets trois brelans cachés {de}
Yaku 10223 Sanshoku doukou 「三色同刻」 Triple triplets [le] triple brelan {de}
Yaku 10224 Sankantsu 「三槓子」 Three kans trois carrés {de}
Yaku 10225 Shousangen 「小三元」  Little three dragons trois petits dragons {de}
Yaku 10226 Honroutou 「混老頭」 Pure terminal hand tous terminales pures {de}
Yaku 10301 Ryanpeikou 「二盃口」 Double double sequence [la] double double séquence {de}
Yaku 10321 Honitsu 「混一色」 Mixed flush [la] couleur mixte {de}
Yaku 10322 Junchan 「純全帯么」 Mixed ends hand [la] main d'extrémités mixte {de}
Yaku 10651 Chinitsu 「清一色」 Pure flush [la] couleur pure {de}
Yaku 10801 Tenhou 「天和」 Tenhou[en 1] — (Miracle start (dealer)) [le] tenhou[fr 1] — ([le] départ miraculeux (donneur)) {de}
Yaku 10802 Chiihou 「地和」 Chiihou[en 1] — (Miracle start (non-dealer)) [le] chiihou[fr 1] — ([le] départ miraculeux (non-donneur)) {de}
Yaku 10803 Kokushi musou 「国士無双」 Thirteen orphans treize orphelins {de}
Yaku 10804 Chuuren poutou 「九連宝燈」 Nine lanterns neuf lanternes {de}
Yaku 10805 Suuankou 「四暗刻」 Four concealed triples quatre brelans cachés {de}
Yaku 10881 Ryuuiisou 「緑一色」 All green [la] main verte {de}
Yaku 10883 Tsuuiisou 「字一色」 All word tiles tous vents et dragons {de}
Yaku 10884 Shousuushi 「小四喜」 Four little winds quatre petits vents {de}
Yaku 10885 Daisuushi 「大四喜」 Four big winds trois grands dragons {de}
Yaku 10886 Chinroutou 「清老頭」 All ends tous extrémités pures {de}
Yaku 10887 Suukantsu 「四槓子」 Four kans quatre carrés {de}
Yaku 10888 Daisangen 「大三元」 Big three dragons trois grands dragons {de}
Yaku 10901 Renhou 「人和」 Renhou[en 1] — (Miracle discard) [le] renhou[fr 1] — ([l'] écart miraculeux) {de}
Yaku 10991 Nagashi mangan 「流し満貫」 {en} [la] pile fantastique {de}
Yaku 10992 Kazoe yakuman 「数え役満」 Counted yakuman [le] yakuman compté {de}
Basic A 20011 hai / pai 「牌」 Tile(s) [la] tuile [der] Stein(e)
Basic A 20021 yama {fig.} 「山」 Wall [le] mur {de}
Basic A 20022 kabe {lit.} 「壁」
Basic A 20031 ton 「幢」 Stack(s) [le] tas* {de}
Basic A 20041 wanpai 「王牌」 Dead wall [la] réserve [---] Tote Mauer
Basic A 20051 saikoro 🎲 「骰子」 Die (Dice) [le] dé(s) {de}
Basic A 20061 tenbou 「点棒」 Point stick [le] bâtonnet(s) de points {de}
Basic A 20071 haipai 「配牌」 Starting hand [la] main(s) initiale(s) {de}
Basic A 20081 riipai 「理牌」 Hand sorting [le] tri de la main {de}
Basic A 20101 ban 「番」 Turn {to play} {fr} {de}
Basic A 20111 tsumo (n.) 「自摸」 Draw pioche {de}
Basic A 20121 hiku (v.) 「引く」 piger {de}
Basic A 20131 suteru (v.) 「捨てる」 Discard écarter {de}
Basic A 20132 sutehai (n.) 「捨て牌」 écart {de}
Basic A 20141 naku (v.) 「鳴く」 Call appeler {de}
Basic A 20142 fuuro (n.) 「」 réquisition {de}
Basic A 20151 chii 「」 Chii[en 1] — (call for sequence) [inv.] chii[fr 1] — ([l'] appel pour séquence) {de}
Basic A 20161 pon 「」 Pon[en 1] — (call for triplet) [inv.] pon[fr 1] — ([l'] appel pour brelan) {de}
Basic A 20171 kan 「槓」 Draw {fr} {de}
Basic A 20181 tsumo (decl.) 「自摸」 Draw {fr} {de}
Basic A 20191 ron (decl.) 「栄」 Draw {fr} {de}
Basic A 20201 agari 「和ガリ」 Draw {fr} {de}
Basic A 20211 furikomi 「振込」 Draw {fr} {de}
Basic A 20221 sashikomi 「差し込み」 Draw {fr} {de}
Basic A 20231 ryuukyoku 「流局」 Exhaustive draw [une] main nulle [---] Abbau-Unentschieden
Basic B 30011 shuntsu 「順子」 {en} [une] séquence {de}
Basic B 30021 koutsu 「刻子」 {en} [un] brelan {de}
Basic B 30031 kantsu 「槓子」 {en} [un] carré — [un] kan {de}
Basic B 30041 toitsu 「対子」 {en} [une] paire {de}
Basic B 30051 taatsu 「塔子」 {en} [un] protogroupe {de}
Basic B 30061 jantou 「雀頭」 {en} [la] paire finale [---] Schlusspaar
Basic B 30071 minjun 「明順」 {en} [une] séquence exposée {de}
Basic B 30081 anjun 「暗順」 {en} [une] séquence cachée {de}
Basic B 30091 minkou 「明刻」 {en} [un] brelan exposé {de}
Basic B 30101 ankou 「暗刻」 {en} [un] brelan caché {de}
Basic B 30111 minkan 「明槓」 {en} [un] carré exposé {de}
Basic B 30121 ankan 「暗槓」 {en} [un] carré caché {de}
Basic B 3*131 shouminkan 「jpKanji」 {en} [un] carré appelé {brelan caché appelé en...} {de}
Basic B 3*141 daiminkan 「jpKanji」 {en} [un] carré complété {brelan exposé augmenté} {de}
Basic B 3*151 kakan 「加槓」 {en} {fr} {de}
Basic B 30161 okurikan 「送り槓」 Four identical tiles [un] ensemble de quatres tuiles identiques {de}
Basic B 30171 ryanmen 「両面」 Side wait {open} [une] attente (ouverte) à deux bords {de}
Basic B 30181 kanchan 「嵌張」 Gutter wait {closed} [une] attente (fermée) entre deux {de}
Basic B 30191 penchan 「辺張」 Edge wait [une] attente sur le bord {de}
Basic B 30201 tanki 「単騎」 Single wait [une] attente unique {de}
Basic B 30211 shanpon 「双ポン」 Two-pair wait [une] attente sur deux paires {de}
Basic B 30212 shabo 「シャボ」 Two-pair wait [une] attente sur deux paires {de}
Basic B 30301 ryankan 「両嵌」 Two-gutter shape [la] forme à deux trous {de}
Basic D 50001 ii ⚀ 「1」「①」「一」 One un {de}
Basic D 50002 ryan ⚁  「2」「②」「二」 Two deux {de}
Basic D 50003 san ⚂  「3」「③」「三」 Three trois {de}
Basic D 50004 suu ⚃  「4」「④」「四」 Four quatre {de}
Basic D 50005 uu ⚄  「5」「⑤」「伍」 (五) Five cinq {de}
Basic D 50006 roo ⚅  「6」「⑥」「六」 Six six {de}
Basic D 50007 chii 「7」「⑦」「七」 Seven sept {de}
Basic D 50008 paa 「8」「⑧」「八」 Eight huit {de}
Basic D 50009 kyuu 「9」「⑨」「九」 Nine neuf {de}
Basic D 50011 ton 「東」 East [l'] est [---] Ost
Basic D 50012 nan 「南」 South [le] sud [---] Süd
Basic D 50013 shaa 「西」 West [l'] ouest [---] West
Basic D 50014 pei 「北」 North [le] nord [---] Nord
Basic D 50021 haku 「白」 White [le] blanc {de}
Basic D 50022 hatsu 「發」 Green {fig.} [le] vert {fig.} {de}
Basic D 50023 chun 「中」 Red {fig.} [le] rouge {fig.} {de}
Basic D 50031 pin(zu) 「筒子」 *** [le] sapèque {de}
Basic D 50032 sou(zu) 「索子」 Bamboo [le] bambou {de}
Basic D 50033 man(zu) 「萬子」 Digit [le] chiffre {de}
Basic D 50034 shoku 「色」 Suit [la] couleur [---] ?Farb(e)
J-101 60001 ichi 「一」 {en} {fr} {de}
J-101 60002 ni 「二」 {en} {fr} {de}
J-101 60003 san 「三」 {en} {fr} {de}
J-101 60004 yon 「四」 {en} {fr} {de}
J-101 60005 go 「伍」 (五)  {en} {fr} {de}
J-101 60006 roku 「六」 {en} {fr} {de}
J-101 60007 nana 「七」 {en} {fr} {de}
J-101 60008 hachi 「八」 {en} {fr} {de}
J-101 60009 kyuu 「九」 {en} {fr} {de}
J-101 60010 juu 「十」 {en} {fr} {de}
J-101 60011 hyaku 「百」 {en} {fr} {de}
J-101 60012 sen 「千」 {en} {fr} {de}
J-101 60013 man 「萬」 (万) {en} {fr} {de}
J-101 60020 yaku 「役」 Winning condition [une] condition gagnante [---] Gewinnberechtigung
J-101 60022 dora 「ドラ」 Bonus point [un] point boni [---] Bonusstein
J-101 60022 han 「翻」 {en} {fr} [---] Siegpunkt(e)
J-101 60023 fu 「府」 {en} {fr} {de}
J-101 60024 ten 「点」 {en} {fr} {de}
J-101 65001 onegai shimasu 「お願いします」 {en} {fr} {de}
J-101 65011 arigatou gozaimasu 「ありがとうございます」 {en} {fr} {de}
J-101 69101 (1han 30fu) senten 「千点」 1,000 points 1 000 points 1 000 Punkte
J-101 69104 (1han 30fu) goumii 「ゴーミー」 500/300 points {lit.}
Trash {fig.}
500 / 300 points {lit.}
Déchets {fig.}
{de}
J-101 69105 (1han) nomi 「のみ」 "___" only "___" seulement {de}
J-101 69111 (2han 30fu) nisen{ten} 「二千点」 2,000 points 2 000 points 2 000 Punkte
J-101 69114 gottou 「ゴットー」 500/1000 points {lit.} 500 / 1 000 points {lit.} 500 / 1 000 Punkte {lit.}
J-101 69123 niiroku 「ニーロク」 2,600 points 2 600 points 2 600 Punkte
J-101 69124 shichitousan 「シチトーサン」 {en} {fr} {de}
J-101 69133 sannii 「サンニー」 3,200 points 3 200 points 3 200 Punkte
J-101 69142 sen nisen 「千 二千」 {en} {fr} {de}
J-101 69143 zanku {sankyuu} 「ザンク」 3,900 points 3 900 points 3 900 Punkte
J-101 69153 gounii 「ゴーニー」 5,200 points 5 200 points 5 200 Punkte
J-101 69154 ichisan niroku 「イチサン ニーロク」 {en} {fr} {de}
J-101 69163 rokuyon 「ロクヨン」 6,400 points 6 400 points 6 400 Punkte
J-101 69164 ichiroku sannii 「イチロク サンニー」 {en} {fr} {de}
J-101 69171 ... 「jpKanji」 {en} {fr} {de}
J-101 69174 nisen zanku 「二千 ザンク」 {en} {fr} {de}
J-101 69181 hassen 「八千」 1,000 points 1 000 points 1 000 Punkte
J-101 69182 nisen yonsen 「二千 四千」 {en} {fr} {de}
J-101 69203 ichigo 「イチゴー」 1,500 points {lit.}
Strawberry {fig.}
1 500 points {lit.}
Fraise {fig.}
1 500 Punkte {lit.}
[die] Erdbeere {fig.}
J-101 69213 niikuu 「ニークー」 2,900 points 2 900 points 2 900 Punkte
J-101 69243 goppaa 「ゴーパー」 5,800 points 5 800 points 5 800 Punkte
J-101 69263 kunroku 「クンロク」 9,600 points 9 600 points 9 600 Punkte
J-101 69273 pinpinroku 「ピンピンロク」 11,600 points 11 600 points 11 600 Punkte
J-101 69281 ichiman nisen 「一万二千」 12,000 points 12 000 points 12 000 Punkte
J-101 69303 ichiroku 「イチロク」 16,000 points 16 000 points 16 000 Punkte
J-101 69313 inpachi 「インパチ」 18,000 points 18 000 points 18 000 Punkte
J-101 60001 。  「。」 {en} {fr} {de}
J-Chinese 70001 houra 「和了」 {en} {fr} {de}
J-Chinese 70001 min 「明」 {en} {fr} {de}
J-Chinese 70001 an 「暗」 {en} {fr} {de}
J-Chinese 70001 houra 「和了」 {en} {fr} {de}
J-Chinese 70001 houra 「和了」 {en} {fr} {de}
J-Chinese 70001 houra 「和了」 {en} {fr} {de}
J-Chinese 70001 houra 「和了」 {en} {fr} {de}
J-Chinese 70001 houra 「和了」 {en} {fr} {de}
J-Chinese 70001 houra 「和了」 {en} {fr} {de}
J-Chinese 70001 houra 「和了」 {en} {fr} {de}
... 80001 . 「jpKanji」 {en} {fr} {de}
... 90001 . 「jpKanji」 {en} {fr} {de}

Table notes

Japanese

  1. Japanese terms are written when possible with extended vowels, without hyphens or macrons.

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English

  1. 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 1.11 1.12 Basic game vocabulary, used as is in English.

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French

  1. 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 1.11 1.12 Vocabulaire de base du jeu, utilisé tel quel en français.

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German

  1. But Miller points out that the Sun is not as large as some other stars.

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Controversial translation by language

French

Generally, there are two main sources for French terminology: the French Federation of Mah-Jong (FFMJ), and Club Riichi de Montréal (CRM), as well as various authors hailing from the spheres of influence of the two organizations. Some terms may not reflect the words in usage in either area and there is no sustained effort to either harmonize or even officialize the terminology used. While Senechal's point of view is heavily biased towards CRM, the goal is to maintain as much similitude as possible. French has a wide gamut of precise terms to describe more things than in English. The caveats to this are when a translation was poorly done on either end, or if a non-riichi version of mahjong introduces a term conflicting with Japanese mahjong.

Pinzu: Cercle versus sapèque

Pinzu have been referred to as "cercles" by the Réunion Federation of Mah-Jong (FRMJ), a sub-group of the FFMJ, as well as in books by Stéphane Parcollet. Everyone can understand that circles are round. The problem lies in the fact that circles are monolinear abstract objects, whereas the concrete objects represented are coins used in China, with holes in them. Whereas the English term for them (cash) has not caught on, the French language has the term sapèque, which is quite precise, unambiguous, and does not raise eyebrows related to anti-gambling prejudice like cash would in English.

As cercles would cause a shorthand conflict with caractères or chiffres (see below), it also poorly serves a disambiguative purpose.

Ruling: Use sapèque, never cercle (imprecise).

Manzu: Caractère versus chiffre, nombre

The word characters is a poor choice in any language, as Asian languages use characters for everything. Mahjong tiles themselves have 15 different tiles (from the base 34 types) that have Chinese characters on them. This leads to a lot of confusion with character, number, digit and word. All tiles from 1 to 9 (108 tiles) are called suupai (number tiles), and all other tiles (28 tiles) represent winds and dragons, called jihai (word tiles). But if words on word tiles are characters, then why call anything characters?

Note: TBD in English.

Ruling: Use chiffre in French, not caractère (imprecise) nor nombre (other use).

Cross-language issues

Pinzu versus Tonzu

The cash coins represented on mahjong tiles would be accurately described as tonzu. However, many areas in China, as well as the people who helped disseminate mahjong in Japan were using the term pinzu, representing barrels as opposed to coins. In the western world, there is no clear term used: circles and dots in English, cercles and sapèques in French, etc. While standardizing to one word per language serves a purpose, forcefully aligning every language to a singular concept may not be beneficial.

Ruling: pinzu in Japanese, sapèque in French, TBD in English.

Souzu versus Bamboo

Souzu in Japanese represents what it does in Chinese: string stacks of coins, representing 100 coins per stack. It in no way means bamboo (it's not called chikuzu), but as it has garnered overwhelming traction in all languages even by people uninterested in mahjong, it would be pointless to change a term that has garnered more acceptance than the game itself.

Terminals versus Ends

There is a dispute as whether to use terminals or ends for the terms yaochuuhai and routouhai. In English and French, the logic that applies is that a terminal must be at the start, finish, or sole point in a line, whereas an end must be at the start or finish of a non-zero length line. In German, there is an expression, "Alles hat ein Ende, nur die Wurst hat zwei". It is important to consider the three suits (die Farbe) as being the sausage here.

Ruling: Yaochuuhai, even if it says "1-9-tiles" in Japanese and Chinese, means all of ones, nines, winds and dragons: it is thus translated as terminals.
Routouhai refers specifically to ones and nines exclusively: both honroutou and chinroutou require that consistency be kept among the terms (and tsuuiisou requires none), and thus, it should be translated as ends.

Notes

The index key provided is currently a work in progress. The last digit is used for overlapping terminology or ideas.

External links

}
Japanese Kanji Explanation
... 80001 agari 「和がり」 {en} {fr} {de}
... 80001 aidayonken 「間四軒」 {en} {fr} {de}
... 80001 akapai 「赤牌」 {en} {fr} {de}
... 80001 anpai 「安牌」 {en} {fr} {de}
... 80001 aotenjou 「青天井」 {en} {fr} {de}
... 80001 ariari 「アリアリ」 {en} {fr} {de}
... 80001 atama 「頭」 {en} {fr} {de}
... 80001 atamahane 「頭跳ね」 {en} {fr} {de}
... 80001 atozuke 「先付け」 {en} {fr} {de}
... 80001 awaseuchi 「合わせ打ち」 {en} {fr} {de}
... 80001 ba 「場」 {en} {fr} {de}
... 80001 baiman 「倍満」 {en} {fr} {de}
... 80001 bakaze 「場風」 {en} {fr} {de}
... 80001 barai 「払い」 {en} {fr} {de}
... 80001 bazoro 「場ゾロ」 {en} {fr} {de}
... 80001 betaori 「ベタ降り」 {en} {fr} {de}
... 80001 chombo 「錯和」 {en} {fr} {de}
... 80001 chunchan 「中張」 {en} {fr} {de}
... 80001 chunchanhai 「中張牌」 {en} {fr} {de}
... 80001 daburon 「ダブロン」 {en} {fr} {de}
... 80001 daiminkan 「大明槓」 {en} {fr} {de}
... 80001 damaten 「黙聴」 {en} {fr} {de}
... 80001 wanpai 「王牌」 {en} {fr} {de}
... 80001 oya 「親」 {en} {fr} {de}
... 80001 digital 「デジタル」 {en} {fr} {de}
... 80001 . 「jpKanji」 {en} {fr} {de}
... 80001 . 「jpKanji」 {en} {fr} {de}
... 80001 . 「jpKanji」 {en} {fr} {de}
... 80001 . 「jpKanji」 {en} {fr} {de}
... 80001 . 「jpKanji」 {en} {fr} {de}
... 80001 . 「jpKanji」 {en} {fr} {de}
... 80001 . 「jpKanji」 {en} {fr} {de}
... 80001 . 「jpKanji」 {en} {fr} {de}
... 80001 . 「jpKanji」 {en} {fr} {de}
... 80001 . 「jpKanji」 {en} {fr} {de}
... 80001 . 「jpKanji」 {en} {fr} {de}
... 80001 . 「jpKanji」 {en} {fr} {de}
discard area pond kawa 河·discard area/pond Means "river".
discard kiru cut 切る·discard 切る Means "to cut".
dora ドラ·dora ドラ A tile designated to provide a bonus, as indicated by the dora indicator (dora hyoujihai). The 4 tiles designated provide a bonus han each.
dorahyouji ドラ表示·dorahyouji ドラ表示 The tile in the dead wall indicating the dora, visibly flipped in the third stack. The actual dora flipped is the following tile in the same suit, nines designate the one as dora, winds E->S->W->N->E, dragons Red->White->Green->Red.
dragons sangenpai 三元牌·dragons 三元牌 The tile group to designate any of the three dragons.
furikomi 振り込み·furikomi 振り込み A payment, also "barai".
furiten 振聴·furiten 振聴 To be Tenpai and waiting on a tile that you have already discarded.
fuutei 副底·fuutei 副底 The 20 base Fu used when calculating score, given by default rather than from composition.
genbutsu 現物·genbutsu 現物 A 100% safe tile.
haipai 配牌·haipai 配牌 The distribution of tiles to all players at the beginning of a round.
haiteihai 海底牌·haiteihai 海底牌 The last drawable tile in the wall.
hanchan 半荘·hanchan 半荘 A game consisting of an East and South round. Most common in Japanese Mahjong.
haneman 跳満·haneman 跳満 Hand with 6 or 7 han, worth 12000 points (18000 for the dealer).
harabote 腹ボテ·harabote 腹ボテ A Shanpon or Tanki wait embedded inside a Shuntsu. For example, 4556 waiting on 5.
honba 本場·honba 本場 The number of consecutive Ren Chans, usually indicated by 100-point sticks.
houjuu 放銃·houjuu 放銃 To deal into a hand.
houteihai 河底牌·houteihai 河底牌 The tile discarded by the player who just drew the Haitei-hai.
iichan 一荘·iichan 一荘 A game consisting of East, South, West, and North rounds. More common in Chinese variants.
ikasama イカサマ·ikasama イカサマ To cheat using sleight of hand, etc.
inchiki インチキ·inchiki インチキ To cheat using hacks, bug exploits, etc.
jigokumachi hell wait 地獄待ち·jigokumachi 地獄待ち A wait in which all but one of the winning tiles are visible or claimed.
jihai 字牌·jihai 字牌 Character tiles (sangenpai + kazehai).
jikaze 自風·jikaze 自風 Seat wind.
jun 巡·jun The turn number within a round.
kamicha 上家·kamicha 上家 The player to your left.
kandora カンドラ·kandora カンドラ A rule that causes more Dora indicators to be flipped when a Kan is made.
kazehai 風牌·kazehai 風牌 Wind tiles.
kikenhai 危険牌·kikenhai 危険牌 Dangerous tile.
kiriage mangan 切り上げ満貫·kiriage mangan 切り上げ満貫 Rule setting increasing scores close to mangan to be valued as mangan (e.g. 4 han 30 fu, or 3 han 60 fu) instead of 7700 or 11600 points.
kiru 切る·kiru 切る To discard a tile.
kuikae 喰い替え·kuikae 喰い替え A rule that allows you to call a tile, then discard another tile that could have completed the meld. For example, to Chi 123 and discard a 4.
kuisagari 喰い下がり·kuisagari 喰い下がり A property of some yaku that reduces the value by 1 han when the hand is open. See chanta, junchan, honitsu, chinitsu, ittsu.
kuitan 喰い断·kuitan 喰い断 A rule that allows Tanyao to be open.
kyoku 局·kyoku A round that begins with the dealing of tiles and ends with the declaration of a win or draw. 4 per wind round, e.g. East 1st round, East 2nd round, etc.
machi 待ち·machi 待ち A tenpai hand's wait, e.g. Ryanmen, Kanchan, etc.
mangan 満貫·mangan 満貫 Hand with 5 han (all), 4 han (many, with 32+ fu) or 3 han (rare, with 62+ fu), worth 8000 points (12000 for the dealer).
mawashiuchi 回し打ち·mawashiuchi 回し打ち Attempting to both win a hand and deal only safe tiles. Pretty hard unless you have really good radar.
menzen 門前·menzen 門前 A fully closed hand (no open melds).
nagashi mangan 流し満貫·nagashi mangan 流し満貫 [5-han yaku] Only terminals and honours have been discarded, and none of them been called after a draw.
nashinashi ナシナシ·nashinashi ナシナシ Opposite of ariari mahjong, restricting both open tanyao as well as waiting to complete a yaku without already having one. (See atozuke for what's restricted)
no ten bappu noten ノーテン罰符·no ten bappu ノーテン罰符 A payment made at the end of a round by those who are not tenpai (or choose not to reveal their hands) to those who are tenpai.
nobetan 延べ単·nobetan 延べ単 A double tanki wait, e.g.: 4567 waiting on 4 or 7.
nukidora 抜きドラ·nukidora 抜きドラ A tile that counts as Dora when extracted from the hand, e.g. flower tiles or the North in most three-player variants (such as on Tenhou).
occult オカルト·occult オカルト A school of thought that opposes Digital and believes that the outcome of a game is affected by luck, flow, Mahjong demons, etc.
okkake okkakeriichi 追いかけリーチ·okkakeriichi 追いかけリーチ Following with another riichi. To make a riichi declaration after someone else rather than defend.
oorasu オーラス·oorasu オーラス The final round of a game (South 4th round in a Han Chan). Probably a contraction of English "all last".
open kui tanyaochuu (kuitan) 喰い断幺九·kui tanyaochuu (kuitan) 喰い断幺九 [1-han yaku] An open Tanyaochuu.
otakaze 客風·otakaze 客風 Guest winds, providing no bonus to the player with them. For example, if you are South seat in East round, then your guest winds are West and North.
pao sekinin 包·pao A property of certain hands that causes one person to be responsible for the whole payment if they discarded the tile that made it a yakuman. Covers half of other's ron payments, all in case of tsumo. Daisangen, Daisuushi, Suukantsu -- as well as dealing a live tile claimed in a Kan enabling that player to win with Rinshan Kaihou -- are the only hands this applies to in riichi mahjong.
renchan 連荘·renchan 連荘 A continuation of dealer position because the dealer either won or was tenpai at the end of the round.
riipai 理牌·riipai 理牌 Sorting the tiles in your hand.
rinshanpai 嶺上牌·rinshanpai 嶺上牌 The tile drawn after making a Kan.
routouhai 老頭牌·routouhai 老頭牌 The tiles numbered 1 and 9 only. (sub-group of yaochuuhai)
ryanhan shibari 二飜縛り·ryanhan shibari 二飜縛り After 5 renchans, a 2 han minimum hand is needed for others to win against the dealer.
sangenpai 三元牌·sangenpai 三元牌 Haku, Hatsu, and Chun.
sashikomi 差し込み·sashikomi 差し込み Intentionally dealing into an opponent's hand. Appropriate for paying a small hand to avoid risking paying a big one. Inappropriate for throwing a winner to someone with a monster hand.
shanten 向聴·shanten 向聴 Number of tiles needed to reach tenpai. A hand with two calls and 13579EE in the same suit is one away from tenpai (1-shanten) because a 2, 4, 6 or 8 could be incorporated into the hand to make it into a waiting hand (tenpai).
shibori 絞り·shibori 絞り Holding on to tiles that an opponent would otherwise be likely to Pon or Chi.
shimocha 下家·shimocha 下家 The player to your right.
shonpai 生牌·shonpai 生牌 A "live tile", i.e. has not yet been discarded this round.
shuupai 数牌·shuupai 数牌 Number tiles. Also "suupai".
suit shoku color colour 色·suit Suffix used to represent the use of specific tile suits, pin, sou, man. Means "colour".
suji 筋·suji The tiles that complete Ryanmen waits. The basis for many discard reading theories. Means "muscle".
suupai 数牌·suupai 数牌 Number tiles. Also "shuupai".
tanki 単騎·tanki 単騎 A wait on a single tile to complete the pair (jantou).
tanyaohai 断幺牌·tanyaohai 断幺牌 The tiles numbered 2 through 8. Also "chun chan hai".
tenbou 点棒·tenbou 点棒 Point sticks.
tenpai 聴牌·tenpai 聴牌 A hand that needs only one tile to win.
toimen 対面·toimen 対面 The player sitting directly across from you.
tonpuusen 東風戦·tonpuusen 東風戦 A game consisting of an East only round.
tsumo 自摸·tsumo 自摸 A self-drawn tile. Usually announced when winning a hand, but can refer to any drawn tile.
tsumokiri ツモ切り·tsumokiri ツモ切り Discarding the tile that was just drawn.
uradora 裏ドラ·uradora 裏ドラ Additional dora which can be earned by winning with Riichi.
wanpai 王牌·wanpai 王牌 The "dead" section of wall that can't be used except for Dora indicators and Kan draws.
wareme 割れ目·wareme 割れ目 A rule that doubles any payment involving the player whose wall was broken at the start of the round.
winds kazehai 風牌·winds 風牌 Means "wind tiles".
yakitori 焼き鳥·yakitori 焼き鳥 A rule that requires players to win at least one hand or pay a penalty.
yaku yakuman 役満·yakuman 役満 Hand with a special yaku or 13 or more han, payout 48000/36000.
yaku 役·yaku A scoring pattern in the hand that awards Han, such as Tanyao or Toitoi.
yaochuuhai 幺九牌·yaochuuhai 幺九牌 The tiles numbered 1 and 9 (routouhai) plus characters (jihai).
zentsuppa 全ツッパ·zentsuppa 全ツッパ A (generally losing) strategy that attempts to win a hand at all costs while ignoring the possibility of dealing into an opponent's hand.
karagiri 空切り·karagiri 片切り Discarding a copy of the tile that was just drawn. A disguised tsumokiri.
tenpane tempane 点パネ·tenpane 点パネ Scoring 12 or more fu points, excluding fuutei (20) and menzen kafu (10), causing the score to reach the 40 point level, or 50 for menzen ron. (syn.: fuhane)
fuhane 符跳ね·fuhane 符跳ね Scoring 12 or more fu points, excluding fuutei (20) and menzen kafu (10), causing the score to reach the 40 point level, or 50 for menzen ron. (syn.: tenpane)
paifu record 牌譜·paifu 牌譜 Game record, log or other device used to record the progress of hands or games of mahjong.
chiicha chicha first 起家·chiicha 起家 Starting dealer, first East, Sometimes associated with the “chiicha marker” for a later reminder where to stop the game or change winds.
suufonrenda suufon renda 四風連打·suufon renda 四風連打 A drawn hand provoked by an initial discard of 4 winds, each the same wind from all 4 players. (Theoretical chances of it occuring: 1 in 104 hands)