List of terminology translations: Difference between revisions

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! Theme !! Key !! Japanese !! Characters !! English !! French !! German
! Theme !! Key !! Japanese !! Characters !! English !! French !! German
|-
|-
| Yaku || 10101 || [[Riichi]] || 「立直」 || Riichi<ref group=en name=en01/> (Ready hand)
| Yaku || 10101 || [[Riichi]] || 「立直」 || Riichi<ref group=en name=en01/> (Ready hand)
  || [''inv.''] riichi<ref group=fr name=fr01/> ([la] main prête) || Riichi<ref group=de name=de01/>  
  || [''inv.''] riichi<ref group=fr name=fr01/> ([la] main prête) || Riichi<ref group=de name=de01/>  
|-
|-
| Yaku || 10102 || [[Ippatsu]] || 「一発」 || Ippatsu<ref group=en name=en01/> (One-shot) || Ippatsu<ref group=fr name=fr01/> ([au] premier tour post-riichi) || {de}  
| Yaku || 10102 || [[Ippatsu]] || 「一発」 || Ippatsu<ref group=en name=en01/> (One-shot) || Ippatsu<ref group=fr name=fr01/> ([au] premier tour post-riichi) || {de}  
|-
|-
| Yaku || 10103 || [[Menzenchin tsumohou]] || 「門前清自摸和」 || Menzen tsumo<ref group=en name=en01/>, (All concealed) || Menzen tsumo<ref group=fr name=fr01/> ([la] main cachée) || {de}  
| Yaku || 10103 || [[Menzenchin tsumohou]] || 「門前清自摸和」 || Menzen tsumo<ref group=en name=en01/> (All concealed) || menzen tsumo<ref group=fr name=fr01/> ([la] main cachée) || {de}  
|-
|-
| Yaku || 10104 || [[Pinfu]] || 「平和」 || Pinfu<ref group=en name=en01/>, (Flat hand) || [le] pinfu<ref group=fr name=fr01/> ([la] main plate) || {de}  
| Yaku || 10104 || [[Pinfu]] || 「平和」 || Pinfu<ref group=en name=en01/> (Flat hand) || [le] pinfu<ref group=fr name=fr01/> ([la] main plate) || {de}  
|-
|-
| Yaku || 10105 || [[Iipeikou]] || 「一盃口」 || Double sequence || [la] double séquence || {de}  
| Yaku || 10105 || [[Iipeikou]] || 「一盃口」 || Double sequence || [la] double séquence || {de}  
|-
|-
| Yaku || 10111 || [[Tanyao|Tanyao(chuu)]]|| 「断幺九」  || Tanyao<ref group=en name=en01/>, (Simple hand) || [le] tanyao<ref group=fr name=fr01/> ([la] main simple) || {de}  
| Yaku || 10111 || [[Tanyao|Tanyao(chuu)]]|| 「断幺九」  || Tanyao<ref group=en name=en01/> (Simple hand) || [le] tanyao<ref group=fr name=fr01/> ([la] main simple) || {de}  
|-
|-
| Yaku || 10112 || [[Yakuhai]] || 「役牌」 || Value tiles || [des] Tuiles de valeur || {de}  
| Yaku || 10112 || [[Yakuhai]] || 「役牌」 || Value tiles || [des] Tuiles de valeur || {de}  
|-
|-
| Yaku || 10113 || [[Rinshan kaihou]] || 「嶺上開花」 || {en} || [la] victoire sur la tuile de remplacement || {de}  
| Yaku || 10113 || [[Rinshan kaihou]] || 「嶺上開花」 || Rinshan<ref group=en name=en01/> — (Win off the replacement tile) || [le] rinshan<ref group=fr name=fr01/> — ([la] victoire sur la tuile de remplacement) || {de}
|-
|-
| Yaku || 10114 || [[Chankan]] || 「搶槓」 || {en} || [le] kan volé || {de}  
| Yaku || 10114 || [[Chankan]] || 「搶槓」 || Chankan<ref group=en name=en01/> — (Robbing the kan) || [le] rinshan<ref group=fr name=fr01/> — ([le] kan volé) || {de}  
|-
|-
| Yaku || 10115 || [[Haitei raoyue]] || 「海底撈月」 || Last pick || [la] dernière pioche || {de}  
| Yaku || 10115 || [[Haitei raoyue]] || 「海底撈月」 || Last pick || [la] dernière pioche || {de}  
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| Yaku || 10116 || [[Houtei raoyui]] || 「河底撈魚」 || Last discard || [la] dernière défausse || {de}  
| Yaku || 10116 || [[Houtei raoyui]] || 「河底撈魚」 || Last discard || [la] dernière défausse || {de}  
|-
|-
| Yaku || 10201 || [[Double riichi]] || 「ダブルリーチ」 || {en} || [le] double riichi || {de}  
| Yaku || 10201 || [[Double riichi]] || 「ダブルリーチ」 || Double riichi || [le] double riichi || {de}  
|-
|-
| Yaku || 10202 || [[Chiitoitsu]] || 「七対子」 || {en} || sept paires || {de}  
| Yaku || 10202 || [[Chiitoitsu]] || 「七対子」 || Seven pairs || sept paires || {de}  
|-
|-
| Yaku || 10211 || [[Chanta]] || 「全帯幺九」 || {en} || tous terminales incluses || {de}  
| Yaku || 10211 || [[Chanta]] || 「全帯幺九」 || Chanta<ref group=en name=en01/> — (Mixed terminal hand) || [le] chanta<ref group=fr name=fr01/> — ([la] main de terminales mixte) || {de}  
|-
|-
| Yaku || 10212 || [[Sanshoku doujun]] || 「三色同順」 || {en} || [la] triple suite || {de}  
| Yaku || 10212 || [[Sanshoku doujun]] || 「三色同順」 || Triple straight || [la] triple suite || {de}  
|-
|-
| Yaku || 10213 || [[Ittsu|Ittsu (Ikkitsuukan)]] || 「一気通貫」 || {en} || [le] serpentin || {de}  
| Yaku || 10213 || [[Ittsu|Ittsu (Ikkitsuukan)]] || 「一気通貫」 || {en} || [le] serpentin || {de}  
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| Yaku || 10221 || [[Toitoi]] || 「対々」 || All triplets || tous brelans || {de}  
| Yaku || 10221 || [[Toitoi]] || 「対々」 || All triplets || tous brelans || {de}  
|-
|-
| Yaku || 10222 || [[Sanankou]] || 「三暗刻」 || {en} || trois brelans cachés || {de}  
| Yaku || 10222 || [[Sanankou]] || 「三暗刻」 || Three concealed triplets || trois brelans cachés || {de}  
|-
|-
| Yaku || 10223 || [[ Sanshoku doukou]] || 「三色同刻」 || {en} || [le] triple brelan || {de}  
| Yaku || 10223 || [[Sanshoku doukou]] || 「三色同刻」 || Triple triplets || [le] triple brelan || {de}  
|-
|-
| Yaku || 10224 || [[Sankantsu]] || 「三槓子」 || {en} || trois carrés || {de}  
| Yaku || 10224 || [[Sankantsu]] || 「三槓子」 || Three kans || trois carrés || {de}  
|-
|-
| Yaku || 10225 || [[Shousangen]] || 「小三元」 || {en} || trois petits dragons || {de}  
| Yaku || 10225 || [[Shousangen]] || 「小三元」 || Little three dragons || trois petits dragons || {de}  
|-
|-
| Yaku || 10226 || [[Honroutou]] || 「混老頭」 || {en} || tous terminales pures || {de}  
| Yaku || 10226 || [[Honroutou]] || 「混老頭」 || Pure terminal hand || tous terminales pures || {de}  
|-
|-
| Yaku || 10301 || [[Ryanpeikou]] || 「二盃口」 || {en} || [la] double double copie || {de}  
| Yaku || 10301 || [[Ryanpeikou]] || 「二盃口」 || Double double sequence || [la] double double séquence || {de}  
|-
|-
| Yaku || 10321 || [[Honitsu]] || 「混一色」 || Mixed flush || [la] couleur mixte || {de}  
| Yaku || 10321 || [[Honitsu]] || 「混一色」 || Mixed flush || [la] couleur mixte || {de}  
|-
|-
| Yaku || 10322 || [[Junchan]] || 「純全帯么」  || {en} || tous extrémités incluses || {de}  
| Yaku || 10322 || [[Junchan]] || 「純全帯么」  || Mixed ends hand || [la] main d'extrémités mixte || {de}  
|-
|-
| Yaku || 10651 || [[Chinitsu]] || 「清一色」 || **** Flush || [la] couleur pure || {de}  
| Yaku || 10651 || [[Chinitsu]] || 「清一色」 || Pure Flush || [la] couleur pure || {de}  
|-
|-
| Yaku || 10801 || [[Tenhou]] || 「天和」 || Miracle start (dealer) || [le] départ miraculeux (donneur) || {de}  
| Yaku || 10801 || [[Tenhou]] || 「天和」 || Tenhou<ref group=en name=en01/> — (Miracle start (dealer)) || [le] tenhou<ref group=fr name=fr01/> — ([le] départ miraculeux (donneur)) || {de}  
|-
|-
| Yaku || 10802 || [[Chiihou]] || 「地和」 || Miracle start (non-dealer) || [le] départ miraculeux (non-donneur) || {de}  
| Yaku || 10802 || [[Chiihou]] || 「地和」 || Chiihou<ref group=en name=en01/> — (Miracle start (non-dealer)) || [le] chiihou<ref group=fr name=fr01/> — ([le] départ miraculeux (non-donneur)) || {de}  
|-
|-
| Yaku || 10803 || [[Kokushi musou]] || 「国士無双」 || Thirteen orphans || treize orphelins || {de}  
| Yaku || 10803 || [[Kokushi musou]] || 「国士無双」 || Thirteen orphans || treize orphelins || {de}  
|-
|-
| Yaku || 10804 || [[Chuuren poutou]] || 「九連宝燈」 || {en} || neuf lanternes || {de}  
| Yaku || 10804 || [[Chuuren poutou]] || 「九連宝燈」 || {en} || neuf lanternes || {de}  
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| Yaku || 10884 || [[Shousuushi]] || 「小四喜」 || Four little winds || quatre petits vents || {de}  
| Yaku || 10884 || [[Shousuushi]] || 「小四喜」 || Four little winds || quatre petits vents || {de}  
|-
|-
| Yaku || 10885 || [[Daisuushi]] || 「大四喜」 || {en} || trois grands dragons || {de}  
| Yaku || 10885 || [[Daisuushi]] || 「大四喜」 || Four big winds || trois grands dragons || {de}  
|-
|-
| Yaku || 10886 || [[Chinroutou]] || 「清老頭」 || {en} || tous extrémités pures || {de}  
| Yaku || 10886 || [[Chinroutou]] || 「清老頭」 || All Ends || tous extrémités pures || {de}  
|-
|-
| Yaku || 10887 || [[Suukantsu]] || 「四槓子」 || {en} || quatre carrés || {de}  
| Yaku || 10887 || [[Suukantsu]] || 「四槓子」 || Four kans || quatre carrés || {de}  
|-
|-
| Yaku || 10888 || [[Daisangen]] || 「大三元」 || Big Three Dragons || trois grands dragons || {de}  
| Yaku || 10888 || [[Daisangen]] || 「大三元」 || Big three dragons || trois grands dragons || {de}  
|-
|-
| Yaku || 10901 || [[Renhou]] || {jpKanji} || {en} || {fr} || {de}  
| Yaku || 10901 || [[Renhou]] || {jpKanji} || Renhou<ref group=en name=en01/> — (Miracle discard) || [le] renhou<ref group=fr name=fr01/> — ([l'] écart miraculeux) || {de}  
|-
|-
| Yaku || 10991 || [[Nagashi mangan]] || 「流し満貫」 || {en} || [la] pile fantastique || {de}  
| Yaku || 10991 || [[Nagashi mangan]] || 「流し満貫」 || {en} || [la] pile fantastique || {de}  
|-
|-
| Yaku || 10992 || [[Kazoe yakuman]] || {jpKanji} || {en} || {fr} || {de}  
| Yaku || 10992 || [[Kazoe yakuman]] || {jpKanji} || Counted yakuman || [le] yakuman compté || {de}  
|-
|-
| Basic A || 20011 || hai / pai || 「牌」 || Tile(s) || [la] tuile || [der] Stein(e)  
| Basic A || 20011 || hai / pai || 「牌」 || Tile(s) || [la] tuile || [der] Stein(e)  

Revision as of 00:44, 25 December 2014

Mahjong is a game that has effectively crossed the borders of both countries and languages. Given this, many languages have taken liberties in translating terms however they felt like, borrowing from other variants' translations or from other games, with mixed results.

Below is a list aiming to provide a translation of all important mahjong terminology: as such, it will be presented in a lexical order by theme. This list aims not to catalog multiple variants but to present a structured translation consistent in all languages with a sufficient player base. Also, it will not present definitions. Translations that are only indicative are preceded by ***, as the Japanese word has been fully assimilated as a normally used word among players. French and German shall indicate gender and plural as appropriate.

List of terms

Theme Key Japanese Characters English French German
Yaku 10101 Riichi 「立直」 Riichi[en 1] — (Ready hand) [inv.] riichi[fr 1] — ([la] main prête) Riichi[de 1]
Yaku 10102 Ippatsu 「一発」 Ippatsu[en 1] — (One-shot) Ippatsu[fr 1] — ([au] premier tour post-riichi) {de}
Yaku 10103 Menzenchin tsumohou 「門前清自摸和」 Menzen tsumo[en 1] — (All concealed) menzen tsumo[fr 1] — ([la] main cachée) {de}
Yaku 10104 Pinfu 「平和」 Pinfu[en 1] — (Flat hand) [le] pinfu[fr 1] — ([la] main plate) {de}
Yaku 10105 Iipeikou 「一盃口」 Double sequence [la] double séquence {de}
Yaku 10111 Tanyao(chuu) 「断幺九」 Tanyao[en 1] — (Simple hand) [le] tanyao[fr 1] — ([la] main simple) {de}
Yaku 10112 Yakuhai 「役牌」 Value tiles [des] Tuiles de valeur {de}
Yaku 10113 Rinshan kaihou 「嶺上開花」 Rinshan[en 1] — (Win off the replacement tile) [le] rinshan[fr 1] — ([la] victoire sur la tuile de remplacement) {de}
Yaku 10114 Chankan 「搶槓」 Chankan[en 1] — (Robbing the kan) [le] rinshan[fr 1] — ([le] kan volé) {de}
Yaku 10115 Haitei raoyue 「海底撈月」 Last pick [la] dernière pioche {de}
Yaku 10116 Houtei raoyui 「河底撈魚」 Last discard [la] dernière défausse {de}
Yaku 10201 Double riichi 「ダブルリーチ」 Double riichi [le] double riichi {de}
Yaku 10202 Chiitoitsu 「七対子」 Seven pairs sept paires {de}
Yaku 10211 Chanta 「全帯幺九」 Chanta[en 1] — (Mixed terminal hand) [le] chanta[fr 1] — ([la] main de terminales mixte) {de}
Yaku 10212 Sanshoku doujun 「三色同順」 Triple straight [la] triple suite {de}
Yaku 10213 Ittsu (Ikkitsuukan) 「一気通貫」  {en} [le] serpentin {de}
Yaku 10221 Toitoi 「対々」 All triplets tous brelans {de}
Yaku 10222 Sanankou 「三暗刻」 Three concealed triplets trois brelans cachés {de}
Yaku 10223 Sanshoku doukou 「三色同刻」 Triple triplets [le] triple brelan {de}
Yaku 10224 Sankantsu 「三槓子」 Three kans trois carrés {de}
Yaku 10225 Shousangen 「小三元」  Little three dragons trois petits dragons {de}
Yaku 10226 Honroutou 「混老頭」 Pure terminal hand tous terminales pures {de}
Yaku 10301 Ryanpeikou 「二盃口」 Double double sequence [la] double double séquence {de}
Yaku 10321 Honitsu 「混一色」 Mixed flush [la] couleur mixte {de}
Yaku 10322 Junchan 「純全帯么」 Mixed ends hand [la] main d'extrémités mixte {de}
Yaku 10651 Chinitsu 「清一色」 Pure Flush [la] couleur pure {de}
Yaku 10801 Tenhou 「天和」 Tenhou[en 1] — (Miracle start (dealer)) [le] tenhou[fr 1] — ([le] départ miraculeux (donneur)) {de}
Yaku 10802 Chiihou 「地和」 Chiihou[en 1] — (Miracle start (non-dealer)) [le] chiihou[fr 1] — ([le] départ miraculeux (non-donneur)) {de}
Yaku 10803 Kokushi musou 「国士無双」 Thirteen orphans treize orphelins {de}
Yaku 10804 Chuuren poutou 「九連宝燈」 {en} neuf lanternes {de}
Yaku 10805 Suuankou 「四暗刻」 Four concealed triples quatre brelans cachés {de}
Yaku 10881 Ryuuiisou 「緑一色」 All green [la] main verte {de}
Yaku 10883 Tsuuiisou 「字一色」 All word tiles tous vents et dragons {de}
Yaku 10884 Shousuushi 「小四喜」 Four little winds quatre petits vents {de}
Yaku 10885 Daisuushi 「大四喜」 Four big winds trois grands dragons {de}
Yaku 10886 Chinroutou 「清老頭」 All Ends tous extrémités pures {de}
Yaku 10887 Suukantsu 「四槓子」 Four kans quatre carrés {de}
Yaku 10888 Daisangen 「大三元」 Big three dragons trois grands dragons {de}
Yaku 10901 Renhou {jpKanji} Renhou[en 1] — (Miracle discard) [le] renhou[fr 1] — ([l'] écart miraculeux) {de}
Yaku 10991 Nagashi mangan 「流し満貫」 {en} [la] pile fantastique {de}
Yaku 10992 Kazoe yakuman {jpKanji} Counted yakuman [le] yakuman compté {de}
Basic A 20011 hai / pai 「牌」 Tile(s) [la] tuile [der] Stein(e)
Basic A 20021 yama {fig.} 「山」 Wall [le] mur {de}
Basic A 20022 kabe {lit.} 「壁」
Basic A 20031 ton 「幢」 Stack(s) [le] tas* {de}
Basic A 20041 wanpai 「王牌」 Dead wall Réserve {de}
Basic A 20051 saikoro 🎲 「骰子」 Die (Dice) [le] dé(s) {de}
Basic A 20061 tenbou 「点棒」 Point stick [le] bâtonnet(s) de points {de}
Basic A 20071 haipai 「配牌」 Starting hand [la] main(s) initiale(s) {de}
Basic A 20081 riipai 「理牌」 Hand sorting [le] tri de la main {de}
Basic A 20101 ban 「jpKanji」 Turn {to play} {fr} {de}
Basic A 20111 tsumo (n.) 「jpKanji」 Draw pioche {de}
Basic A 20121 hiku (v.) 「jpKanji」 piger {de}
Basic A 20131 suteru (v.) 「jpKanji」 Discard écarter {de}
Basic A 20132 sutehai (n.) 「jpKanji」 écart {de}
Basic A 20141 naku (v.) 「jpKanji」 Call appeler {de}
Basic A 20142 fuuro (n.) 「jpKanji」 réquisition {de}
Basic A 20061 tsumo 「jpKanji」 Draw {fr} {de}
Basic D 50001 . {jpKanji} {en} {fr} {de}
Japanese 101 60001 . {jpKanji} {en} {fr} {de}
... 70001 . {jpKanji} {en} {fr} {de}
... 80001 . {jpKanji} {en} {fr} {de}
... 90001 . {jpKanji} {en} {fr} {de}

The Sun is pretty big.[ja 1] But the Moon[ja 1] is not so big.[ja 2][ja 3] The Sun is also quite hot.[en 2]

Table notes

Japanese

  1. 1.0 1.1 But Miller points out that the Sun is not as large as some other stars.
  2. The Moon goes by other names, such as Selena.
  3. Historically the Moon was not always considered to be large.

English

  1. 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 Basic game vocabulary, used as is in English.
  2. Historically the Moon was not always considered to be large.
Cite error: <ref> tag with name "en02" defined in <references> is not used in prior text.

French

  1. 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 Vocabulaire de base du jeu, utilisé tel quel en français.

Cite error: <ref> tag with name "fr02" defined in <references> is not used in prior text.

Cite error: <ref> tag with name "fr03" defined in <references> is not used in prior text.

German

  1. But Miller points out that the Sun is not as large as some other stars.

Cite error: <ref> tag with name "de02" defined in <references> is not used in prior text.

Cite error: <ref> tag with name "de03" defined in <references> is not used in prior text.

Controversial translation by language

French

Generally, there are two main sources for French terminology: the French Federation of Mah-Jong (FFMJ), and Club Riichi de Montréal (CRM), as well as various authors hailing from the spheres of influence of the two organizations. Some terms may not reflect the words in usage in either area and there is no sustained effort to either harmonize or even officialize the terminology used. While Senechal's point of view is heavily biased towards CRM, the goal is to maintain as much similitude as possible. French has a wide gamut of precise terms to describe more things than in English. The caveats to this are when a translation was poorly done on either end, or if a non-riichi version of mahjong introduces a term conflicting with Japanese mahjong.

Pinzu: Cercle versus sapèque

Pinzu have been referred to as "cercles" by the Réunion Federation of Mah-Jong (FRMJ), a sub-group of the FFMJ, as well as in books by Stéphane Parcollet. Everyone can understand that circles are round. The problem lies in the fact that circles are monolinear abstract objects, whereas the concrete objects represented are coins used in China, with holes in them. Whereas the English term for them (cash) has not caught on, the French language has the term sapèque, which is quite precise, unambiguous, and does not raise eyebrows related to anti-gambling prejudice like cash would in English.

As cercles would cause a shorthand conflict with caractères or chiffres (see below), it also poorly serves a disambiguative purpose.

Ruling: Use sapèque, never cercle (imprecise).

Manzu: Caractère versus chiffre, nombre

The word characters is a poor choice in any language, as Asian languages use characters for everything. Mahjong tiles themselves have 15 different tiles (from the base 34 types) that have Chinese characters on them. This leads to a lot of confusion with character, number, digit and word. All tiles from 1 to 9 (108 tiles) are called suupai (number tiles), and all other tiles (28 tiles) represent winds and dragons, called jihai (word tiles). But if words on word tiles are characters, then why call anything characters?

Note: TBD in English.

Ruling: Use chiffre in French, not caractère (imprecise) nor nombre (other use).

Cross-language issues

Pinzu versus Tonzu

The cash coins represented on mahjong tiles would be accurately described as tonzu. However, many areas in China, as well as the people who helped disseminate mahjong in Japan were using the term pinzu, representing barrels as opposed to coins. In the western world, there is no clear term used: circles and dots in English, cercles and sapèques in French, etc. While standardizing to one word per language serves a purpose, forcefully aligning every language to a singular concept may not be beneficial.

Ruling: pinzu in Japanese, sapèque in French, TBD in English.

Souzu versus Bamboo

Souzu in Japanese represents what it does in Chinese: string stacks of coins, representing 100 coins per stack. It in no way means bamboo (it's not called chikuzu), but as it has garnered overwhelming traction in all languages even by people uninterested in mahjong, it would be pointless to change a term that has garnered more acceptance than the game itself.

Terminals versus Ends

There is a dispute as whether to use terminals or ends for the terms yaochuuhai and routouhai. In English and French, the logic that applies is that a terminal must be at the start, finish, or sole point in a line, whereas an end must be at the start or finish of a non-zero length line. In German, there is an expression, "Alles hat ein Ende, nur die Wurst hat zwei". It is important to consider the three suits (die Farbe) as being the sausage here.

Ruling: Yaochuuhai, even if it says "1-9-tiles" in Japanese and Chinese, means all of ones, nines, winds and dragons: it is thus translated as terminals.
Routouhai refers specifically to ones and nines exclusively: both honroutou and chinroutou require that consistency be kept among the terms (and tsuuiisou requires none), and thus, it should be translated as ends.

Notes

External links