List of terminology translations: Difference between revisions
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| Basic A || 20081 || riipai || 「理牌」 || Hand sorting || tri<sup>♠</sup> de la main || {de} | | Basic A || 20081 || riipai || 「理牌」 || Hand sorting || tri<sup>♠</sup> de la main || {de} | ||
|- | |||
| ... || 80001 || ba || 「場」 || (wind) round || tour<sup>♠</sup> (de vent) || {de} | |||
|- | |||
| ... || 80001 || kyoku || 「局」 || game {simp.: hand} || partie<sup>♥</sup> {simp. : main} || {de} | |||
|- | |||
| ... || 80001 || honba || 「本場」 || Repeat counter || compteur<sup>♠</sup> de répétition || {de} | |||
|- | |||
| ... || 80001 || jun || 「巡」 || Turn || tour<sup>♠</sup> (de table) || {de} | |||
|- | |- | ||
| Basic A || 20101 || ban || 「番」 || Action {their turn to play} || action<sup>♥</sup> {son tour à jouer} || {de} | | Basic A || 20101 || ban || 「番」 || Action {their turn to play} || action<sup>♥</sup> {son tour à jouer} || {de} | ||
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| Basic A || 20191 || ron (decl.) || 「栄」 || Win off discard || Victoire<sup>♥</sup> sur l'écart<sup>♠</sup> || {de} | | Basic A || 20191 || ron (decl.) || 「栄」 || Win off discard || Victoire<sup>♥</sup> sur l'écart<sup>♠</sup> || {de} | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Basic A || 20201 || agari || | | Basic A || 20201 || agari || 「和がり」 || to declare a win || déclarer une victoire || {de} | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Basic A || 20211 || furikomi || 「振込」 || Deal-in || Donner la victoire || {de} | | Basic A || 20211 || furikomi || 「振込」 || Deal-in || Donner la victoire || {de} | ||
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| Basic B || 30051 || taatsu || 「塔子」 || Protogroup || protogroupe<sup>♠</sup> || {de} | | Basic B || 30051 || taatsu || 「塔子」 || Protogroup || protogroupe<sup>♠</sup> || {de} | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Basic B || 30061 || jantou || 「雀頭」 || Final pair || paire<sup>♥</sup> finale || [---] Schlusspaar | | Basic B || 30061 || jantou || 「雀頭」 || rowspan="2" | Final pair || rowspan="2" | paire<sup>♥</sup> finale || rowspan="2" | [---] Schlusspaar | ||
|- | |||
| Basic B || 30062 || atama || 「頭」 | |||
|- | |- | ||
| Basic B || 30071 || minjun || 「明順」 || Exposed sequence {run} || séquence<sup>♥</sup> exposée || {de} | | Basic B || 30071 || minjun || 「明順」 || Exposed sequence {run} || séquence<sup>♥</sup> exposée || {de} | ||
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| Basic B || 30121 || ankan || 「暗槓」 || Concealed quad || carré<sup>♠</sup> caché || {de} | | Basic B || 30121 || ankan || 「暗槓」 || Concealed quad || carré<sup>♠</sup> caché || {de} | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Basic B || | | Basic B || 30131 || daiminkan || 「大明槓」 || Called kan || carré<sup>♠</sup> appelé {brelan caché appelé en...} || {de} | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Basic B || | | Basic B || 30141 || shouminkan || 「小明槓」 || Filled kan || carré<sup>♠</sup> rempli {brelan exposé augmenté} || {de} | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Basic B || | | Basic B || 30151 || kakan || 「加槓」 || Late kan || Kan tardif || {de} | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Basic B || 30161 || okurikan || 「送り槓」 || Four identical tiles || ensemble<sup>♠</sup> de quatre tuiles identiques || {de} | | Basic B || 30161 || okurikan || 「送り槓」 || Four identical tiles || ensemble<sup>♠</sup> de quatre tuiles identiques || {de} | ||
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|- | |- | ||
| Basic B || 30301 || ryankan || 「両嵌」 || Two-gutter shape || forme<sup>♥</sup> à deux trous || {de} | | Basic B || 30301 || ryankan || 「両嵌」 || Two-gutter shape || forme<sup>♥</sup> à deux trous || {de} | ||
|- | |||
| Basic B || 30311 || aidayonken || 「間四軒」 || 4-tile interval || intervalle<sup>♥</sup> de 4 tuiles || {de} | |||
|- | |- | ||
| Basic D || 50001 || ii ⚀ || 「1」「①」「一」 || rowspan="2" | One || rowspan="2" | un || rowspan="2" | Eins | | Basic D || 50001 || ii ⚀ || 「1」「①」「一」 || rowspan="2" | One || rowspan="2" | un || rowspan="2" | Eins | ||
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|- | |- | ||
| J-101 || 60024 || ten || 「点」 || Points || points || {de} | | J-101 || 60024 || ten || 「点」 || Points || points || {de} | ||
|- | |||
| ... || 80001 || mangan || 「満貫」 || {en} || {fr} || {de} | |||
|- | |||
| ... || 80001 || haneman || 「跳満」 || {en} || {fr} || {de} | |||
|- | |||
| ... || 80001 || baiman || 「倍満」 || {en} || {fr} || {de} | |||
|- | |||
| ... || 80001 || yakuman || 「役満」 || {en} || {fr} || {de} | |||
|- | |- | ||
| J-101 || 65001 || onegai shimasu || 「お願いします」 || {en} || {fr} || {de} | | J-101 || 65001 || onegai shimasu || 「お願いします」 || {en} || {fr} || {de} | ||
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| J-Chinese || 70001 || houra || 「和了」 || {en} || {fr} || {de} | | J-Chinese || 70001 || houra || 「和了」 || {en} || {fr} || {de} | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ... || 80001 || akapai || 「赤牌」 || red tile || tuile<sup>♥</sup> rouge || {de} | | ... || 80001 || akapai || 「赤牌」 || red tile || tuile<sup>♥</sup> rouge || {de} | ||
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| ... || 80001 || ariari || 「アリアリ」 || {en} || {fr} || {de} | | ... || 80001 || ariari || 「アリアリ」 || {en} || {fr} || {de} | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ... || 80001 || | | ... || 80001 || nashinashi || 「ナシナシ」 || {en} || {fr} || {de} | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ... || 80001 || atamahane || 「頭跳ね」 || priority win / head bump || victoire<sup>♥</sup> prioritaire / coup<sup>♠</sup> de tête || {de} | | ... || 80001 || atamahane || 「頭跳ね」 || priority win / head bump || victoire<sup>♥</sup> prioritaire / coup<sup>♠</sup> de tête || {de} | ||
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| ... || 80001 || awaseuchi || 「合わせ打ち」 || matching discard || écart<sup>♠</sup> identique || {de} | | ... || 80001 || awaseuchi || 「合わせ打ち」 || matching discard || écart<sup>♠</sup> identique || {de} | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ... || 80001 || | | ... || 80001 || mawashiuchi || 「回し打ち」 || {en} || {fr} || {de} | ||
|- | |||
| ... || 80001 || tsumokiri || 「ツモ切り」 || {en} || {fr} || {de} | |||
|- | |||
| ... || 80001 || betaori || 「ベタ降り」 || {en} || {fr} || {de} | |||
|- | |||
| ... || 80001 || dejitaru || 「デジタル」 || digital {statistical} play || jeu digital {statistique} || {de} | |||
|- | |||
| ... || 80001 || okaruto || 「オカルト」 || occult {} play || jeu occulte {} || {de} | |||
|- | |||
| ... || 80001 || fuutei || 「副底」 || default base points || points de base par défaut || {de} | |||
|- | |- | ||
| ... || 80001 || | | ... || 80001 || bazoro || 「場ゾロ」 || default exponent || exposant<sup>♠</sup> par défaut || {de} | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ... || 80001 || bakaze || 「場風」 || round wind || vent<sup>♠</sup> du tour || {de} | | ... || 80001 || bakaze || 「場風」 || round wind || vent<sup>♠</sup> du tour || {de} | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ... || 80001 || | | ... || 80001 || jikaze || 「自風」 || {en} || {fr} || {de} | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ... || 80001 || | | ... || 80001 || otakaze || 「客風」 || useless wind || vent<sup>♠</sup> inutile || {de} | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ... || 80001 || | | ... || 80001 || barai || 「払い」 || payment || paiement<sup>♠</sup> || {de} | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ... || 80001 || chombo || 「錯和」 || major foul || faute<sup>♥</sup> grave || {de} | | ... || 80001 || chombo || 「錯和」 || major foul || faute<sup>♥</sup> grave || {de} | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ... || 80001 || daburon || 「ダブロン」 || double ron || double ron<sup>♠</sup> || {de} | | ... || 80001 || daburon || 「ダブロン」 || double ron || double ron<sup>♠</sup> || {de} | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ... || 80001 || damaten || 「黙聴」 || {en} || {fr} || {de} | | ... || 80001 || damaten || 「黙聴」 || {en} || {fr} || {de} | ||
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| ... || 80001 || oya || 「親」 || dealer || donneur<sup>♠</sup> || {de} | | ... || 80001 || oya || 「親」 || dealer || donneur<sup>♠</sup> || {de} | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ... || 80001 || kawa || 「河」 || river / discard pile || rivière<sup>♥</sup> / pile<sup>♥</sup> d'écarts || {de} | | ... || 80001 || kawa || 「河」 || river / discard pile || rivière<sup>♥</sup> / pile<sup>♥</sup> d'écarts || {de} | ||
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| ... || 80001 || dorahyouji || 「ドラ表示」 || dora indicator || indicateur<sup>♠</sup> de dora || {de} | | ... || 80001 || dorahyouji || 「ドラ表示」 || dora indicator || indicateur<sup>♠</sup> de dora || {de} | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ... || 80001 || furikomi || 「振り込み」 || {en} || {fr} || {de} | | ... || 80001 || furikomi || 「振り込み」 || {en} || {fr} || {de} | ||
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| ... || 80001 || furiten || 「振聴」 || {en} || {fr} || {de} | | ... || 80001 || furiten || 「振聴」 || {en} || {fr} || {de} | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ... || 80001 || | | ... || 80001 || genbutsu || 「現物」 || {en} || {fr} || {de} | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ... || 80001 || | | ... || 80001 || rinshanhai || 「嶺上牌」 || {en} || {fr} || {de} | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ... || 80001 || haiteihai || 「海底牌」 || {en} || {fr} || {de} | | ... || 80001 || haiteihai || 「海底牌」 || {en} || {fr} || {de} | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ... || 80001 || | | ... || 80001 || houteihai || 「河底牌」 || {en} || {fr} || {de} | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ... || 80001 || | | ... || 80001 || tonpuusen || 「東風戦」 || {en} || {fr} || {de} | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ... || 80001 || | | ... || 80001 || hanchan || 「半荘」 || {en} || {fr} || {de} | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ... || 80001 || | | ... || 80001 || iichan || 「一荘」 || {en} || {fr} || {de} | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ... || 80001 || | | ... || 80001 || jigokumachi || 「地獄待ち」 || {en} || {fr} || {de} | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ... || 80001 || | | ... || 80001 || harabote || 「腹ボテ」 || {en} || {fr} || {de} | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ... || 80001 || | | ... || 80001 || houjuu || 「放銃」 || {en} || {fr} || {de} | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ... || 80001 || | | ... || 80001 || ikasama || 「イカサマ」 || {en} || {fr} || {de} | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ... || 80001 || | | ... || 80001 || inchiki || 「インチキ」 || {en} || {fr} || {de} | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ... || 80001 || | | ... || 80001 || shimocha || 「下家」 || player to the right || joueur<sup>♠</sup> à droite || {de} | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ... || 80001 || | | ... || 80001 || toimen || 「対面」 || Player across || joueur<sup>♠</sup> en face || {de} | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ... || 80001 || | | ... || 80001 || kamicha || 「上家」 || player to the left || joueur<sup>♠</sup> à la gauche || {de} | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ... || 80001 || | | ... || 80001 || kandora || 「カンドラ」 || kan dora || dora<sup>♠</sup> supplémentaire (grâce au kan) || {de} | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ... || 80001 || kikenhai || 「危険牌」 || {en} || {fr} || {de} | | ... || 80001 || kikenhai || 「危険牌」 || {en} || {fr} || {de} | ||
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| ... || 80001 || kuikae || 「喰い替え」 || {en} || {fr} || {de} | | ... || 80001 || kuikae || 「喰い替え」 || {en} || {fr} || {de} | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ... || 80001 || | | ... || 80001 || kuisagari || 「喰い下がり」 || {en} || {fr} || {de} | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ... || 80001 || | | ... || 80001 || kuitan || 「喰い断」 || {en} || {fr} || {de} | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ... || 80001 || | | ... || 80001 || machi || 「待ち」 || {en} || {fr} || {de} | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ... || 80001 || | | ... || 80001 || menzen || 「門前」 || {en} || {fr} || {de} | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ... || 80001 || | | ... || 80001 || tenpai || 「聴牌」 || {en} || {fr} || {de} | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ... || 80001 || | | ... || 80001 || noten bappu || 「ノーテン罰符」 || {en} || {fr} || {de} | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ... || 80001 || | | ... || 80001 || nukidora || 「抜きドラ」 || {en} || {fr} || {de} | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ... || 80001 || | | ... || 80001 || okkake riichi || 「追っかけリーチ」 || {en} || {fr} || {de} | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ... || 80001 || | | ... || 80001 || oorasu || 「オーラス」 || {en} || {fr} || {de} | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ... || 80001 || | | ... || 80001 || kuitanyaochuu || 「喰い断幺九」 || {en} || {fr} || {de} | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ... || 80001 || | | ... || 80001 || pao || 「包」 || responsibility || responsabilité<sup>♥</sup> || {de} | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ... || 80001 || | | ... || 80001 || renchan || 「連荘」 || {en} || {fr} || {de} | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ... || 80001 || | | ... || 80001 || riipai || 「理牌」 || {en} || {fr} || {de} | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ... || 80001 || | | ... || 80001 || ryanhan shibari || 「二飜縛り」 || 2-han minimum || minimum<sup>♠</sup> de 2 han || {de} | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ... || 80001 || | | ... || 80001 || shanten || 「向聴」 || count (from tempai) || compte<sup>♠</sup> (de tenpai) || {de} | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ... || 80001 || | | ... || 80001 || shibori || 「絞り」 || squeeze play || jouer la rétention || {de} | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ... || 80001 || | | ... || 80001 || shonpai || 「生牌」 || live tile || tuile<sup>♥</sup> vivante || {de} | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ... || 80001 || | | ... || 80001 || suji || 「筋」 || fork / muscle (lit.) || fourchette<sup>♥</sup> / muscle (lit.) || {de} | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ... || 80001 || | | ... || 80001 || suupai || 「数牌」 || number tiles || tuiles<sup>♥</sup> à numéros || {de} | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ... || 80001 || | | ... || 80001 || chunchan || 「中張」 || simples || simples || {de} | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ... || 80001 || | | ... || 80001 || chunchanhai || 「中張牌」 || simple tile || tuile<sup>♥</sup> simple || {de} | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ... || 80001 || | | ... || 80001 || tanyaohai || 「断幺牌」 || {en} || {fr} || {de} | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ... || 80001 || | | ... || 80001 || yaochuuhai || 「幺九牌」 || {en} || {fr} || {de} | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ... || 80001 || | | ... || 80001 || routouhai || 「老頭牌」 || end tile || tuile<sup>♥</sup> d'extrémité || {de} | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ... || 80001 || | | ... || 80001 || jihai || 「字牌」 || {en} || {fr} || {de} | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ... || 80001 || | | ... || 80001 || sangenpai || 「三元牌」 || {en} || {fr} || {de} | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ... || 80001 || | | ... || 80001 || kazehai || 「風牌」 || {en} || {fr} || {de} | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ... || 80001 || | | ... || 80001 || uradora || 「裏ドラ」 || {en} || {fr} || {de} | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ... || 80001 || | | ... || 80001 || wareme || 「割れ目」 || {en} || {fr} || {de} | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ... || 80001 || | | ... || 80001 || yakitori || 「焼き鳥」 || {en} || {fr} || {de} | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ... || 80001 || | | ... || 80001 || zentsuppa || 「全ツッパ」 || {en} || {fr} || {de} | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ... || 80001 || | | ... || 80001 || karagiri || 「空切り」 || {en} || {fr} || {de} | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ... || 80001 || | | ... || 80001 || tenpane || 「点パネ」 || {12-20 extra fu hand} || {fr} || {de} | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ... || 80001 || | | ... || 80001 || fuhane || 「符跳ね」 || {en} || {fr} || {de} | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ... || 80001 || | | ... || 80001 || haifu || 「牌譜」 || Game record || historique<sup>♥</sup> de jeu || {de} | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ... || 80001 || | | ... || 80001 || chiicha || 「起家」 || First dealer || premier donneur<sup>♠</sup> || {de} | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ... || 80001 || | | ... || 80001 || suufon renda || 「四風連打」 || Four-wind abortion || avortement<sup>♠</sup> de quatre vents || {de} | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ... || 90001 || . || 「jpKanji」 || {en} || {fr} || {de} | | ... || 90001 || . || 「jpKanji」 || {en} || {fr} || {de} |
Revision as of 14:08, 15 April 2015
Mahjong is a game that has effectively crossed the borders of both countries and languages. Given this, many languages have taken liberties in translating terms however they felt like, borrowing from other variants' translations or from other games, with mixed results.
Below is a list aiming to provide a translation of all important mahjong terminology: as such, it will be presented in a lexical order by theme. This list aims not to catalog multiple variants but to present a structured translation consistent in all languages with a sufficient player base. Also, it will not present definitions. Translations that are only indicative are preceded by ***, as the Japanese word has been fully assimilated as a normally used word among players. French and German shall indicate gender and plural as appropriate.
List of terms
Theme | Key | Japanese[ja 1] | Characters | English | French | German |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Yaku | 10101 | Riichi | 「立直」 | Riichi[en 1] — (Ready hand) | [inv.] riichi♦/♠[fr 1] — (main♥ prête) | Riichi[de 1] |
Yaku | 10102 | Ippatsu | 「一発」 | Ippatsu[en 1] — (One-shot) | Ippatsu[fr 1] — (premier tour♠ post-riichi) | Ippatsu |
Yaku | 10103 | Menzenchin tsumohou | 「門前清自摸和」 | Menzen tsumo[en 1] — (All concealed) | menzen tsumo[fr 1] — (main♥ cachée) | Komplett verdeckte Hand |
Yaku | 10104 | Pinfu | 「平和」 | Pinfu[en 1] — (Flat hand) | pinfu♠[fr 1] — (main♥ plate) | Pinfu |
Yaku | 10105 | Iipeikou | 「一盃口」 | Double sequence | double séquence♥ | Reine Doppel-Sequenz |
Yaku | 10111 | Tanyao(chuu) | 「断幺九」 | Tanyao[en 1] — (Simple hand) | tanyao♠[fr 1] — (main♥ simple) | Nur Grundsteine |
Yaku | 10112 | Yakuhai | 「役牌」 | Value tiles | Tuiles♥ de valeur | Trumpfsteine |
Yaku | 10113 | Rinshan kaihou | 「嶺上開花」 | Rinshan[en 1] — (Win off the replacement tile) | rinshan♠[fr 1] — (victoire♥ sur la tuile de remplacement) | Ersatzsteingewinn |
Yaku | 10114 | Chankan | 「搶槓」 | Chankan[en 1] — (Robbing the kan) | chankan♠[fr 1] — (kan♠ volé) | Beraubung des Kan |
Yaku | 10115 | Haitei raoyue | 「海底撈月」 | Last pick | dernière pioche♥ | Letzter Stein |
Yaku | 10116 | Houtei raoyui | 「河底撈魚」 | Last discard | dernière défausse♥ | Letzter abgeworfener Stein |
Yaku | 10201 | Double riichi | 「ダブルリーチ」 | Double riichi | double riichi♠ | Doppel-Riichi |
Yaku | 10202 | Chiitoitsu | 「七対子」 | Seven pairs | sept paires♥ | Sieben Paare |
Yaku | 10211 | Chanta | 「全帯幺九」 | Chanta[en 1] — (Mixed terminal hand) | chanta♠[fr 1] — (main♥ de terminales mixte) | Randsteine in jedem Set |
Yaku | 10212 | Sanshoku doujun | 「三色同順」 | Triple sequence | triple séquence♥ | Gemischte Dreifach-Sequenz |
Yaku | 10213 | Ittsu (Ikkitsuukan) | 「一気通貫」 | Straight | serpentin♠ | Straße |
Yaku | 10221 | Toitoi | 「対々」 | All triplets | tous brelans♠ | Nur Drillinge |
Yaku | 10222 | Sanankou | 「三暗刻」 | Three concealed triplets | trois brelans♠ cachés | Drei verdeckte Drillinge |
Yaku | 10223 | Sanshoku doukou | 「三色同刻」 | Triple triplets | triple brelan♠ | Drei gemischte Drillinge |
Yaku | 10224 | Sankantsu | 「三槓子」 | Three kans | trois carrés♠ | Drei Vierlinge |
Yaku | 10225 | Shousangen | 「小三元」 | Little three dragons | trois petits dragons♠ | Kleine Drei Drachen |
Yaku | 10226 | Honroutou | 「混老頭」 | Pure terminal hand | tous terminales♥ pures | Nur Randzahlen und Trümpfe |
Yaku | 10301 | Ryanpeikou | 「二盃口」 | Double double sequence | double double séquence♥ | Zwei Reine Doppel-Sequenzen |
Yaku | 10321 | Honitsu | 「混一色」 | Mixed flush | couleur♥ mixte | Gemischtes Farbspiel |
Yaku | 10322 | Junchan | 「純全帯么」 | Mixed ends hand | main♥ d'extrémités mixte | Randzahlen in jedem Set |
Yaku | 10651 | Chinitsu | 「清一色」 | Pure flush | couleur♥ pure | Reines Farbspiel |
Yaku | 10801 | Tenhou | 「天和」 | Tenhou[en 1] — (Miracle start (dealer)) | tenhou♠[fr 1] — (départ♠ miraculeux (donneur)) | Tenhou - Segen des Himmels |
Yaku | 10802 | Chiihou | 「地和」 | Chiihou[en 1] — (Miracle start (non-dealer)) | chiihou♠[fr 1] — (départ♠ miraculeux (non-donneur)) | Chiihou - Segen der Erde |
Yaku | 10803 | Kokushi musou | 「国士無双」 | Thirteen orphans | treize orphelins♠ | Dreizehn Waisen |
Yaku | 10804 | Chuuren poutou | 「九連宝燈」 | Nine lanterns | neuf lanternes♥ | Neun Laternen |
Yaku | 10805 | Suuankou | 「四暗刻」 | Four concealed triples | quatre brelans♠ cachés | Vier verdeckte Drillinge |
Yaku | 10881 | Ryuuiisou | 「緑一色」 | All green | main♥ verte | Grüne Hand |
Yaku | 10883 | Tsuuiisou | 「字一色」 | All word tiles | tous vents♠ et dragons♠ | Nur Trümpfe |
Yaku | 10884 | Shousuushi | 「小四喜」 | Four little winds | quatre petits vents♠ | Kleine Vier Winde |
Yaku | 10885 | Daisuushi | 「大四喜」 | Four big winds | trois grands dragons♠ | Große Vier Winde |
Yaku | 10886 | Chinroutou | 「清老頭」 | All ends | toutes extrémités♥ pures | Reines Randzahlenspiel |
Yaku | 10887 | Suukantsu | 「四槓子」 | Four kans | quatre carrés♠ | Vier Vierlinge |
Yaku | 10888 | Daisangen | 「大三元」 | Big three dragons | trois grands dragons♠ | Große Drei Drachen |
Yaku | 10901 | Renhou | 「人和」 | Renhou[en 1] — (Miracle discard) | renhou♠[fr 1] — (écart♠ miraculeux) | Renhou - Segen der Menschheit |
Yaku | 10991 | Nagashi mangan | 「流し満貫」 | Pool of dreams*** | pile♥ fantastique | Nur Randsteine abgeworfen |
Yaku | 10992 | Kazoe yakuman | 「数え役満」 | Counted yakuman | yakuman♠ compté | Gezähltes Yakuman |
Basic A | 20011 | hai / pai | 「牌」 | Tile(s) | tuile♥ | [der] Stein |
Basic A | 20021 | yama {fig.} | 「山」 | Wall | mur♠ | [die] Mauer |
Basic A | 20022 | kabe {lit.} | 「壁」 | |||
Basic A | 20031 | ton | 「幢」 | Stack(s) | tas♠* | {de} |
Basic A | 20041 | wanpai | 「王牌」 | Dead wall | réserve♥ | [---] Tote Mauer |
Basic A | 20051 | saikoro 🎲 | 「骰子」 | Die (Dice) | dé♠ | {de} |
Basic A | 20061 | tenbou | 「点棒」 | Point stick | bâtonnet♠ de points | {de} |
Basic A | 20071 | haipai | 「配牌」 | Starting hand | main♥ initiale | {de} |
Basic A | 20081 | riipai | 「理牌」 | Hand sorting | tri♠ de la main | {de} |
... | 80001 | ba | 「場」 | (wind) round | tour♠ (de vent) | {de} |
... | 80001 | kyoku | 「局」 | game {simp.: hand} | partie♥ {simp. : main} | {de} |
... | 80001 | honba | 「本場」 | Repeat counter | compteur♠ de répétition | {de} |
... | 80001 | jun | 「巡」 | Turn | tour♠ (de table) | {de} |
Basic A | 20101 | ban | 「番」 | Action {their turn to play} | action♥ {son tour à jouer} | {de} |
Basic A | 20111 | tsumo (n.) | 「自摸」 | Draw | pioche♥ | {de} |
Basic A | 20121 | hiku (v.) | 「引く」 | piger | {de} | |
Basic A | 20131 | suteru (v.) | 「捨てる」 | Discard | écarter | {de} |
Basic A | 20132 | sutehai (n.) | 「捨て牌」 | écart | {de} | |
Basic A | 20141 | naku (v.) | 「鳴く」 | Call | appeler | {de} |
Basic A | 20142 | fuuro (n.) | 「副露」 | réquisition♥ | {de} | |
Basic A | 20151 | chii | 「吃」 | Chii[en 1] — (call for sequence) | [inv.] chii[fr 1] — (appel♠ pour séquence) | {de} |
Basic A | 20161 | pon | 「碰」 | Pon[en 1] — (call for triplet) | [inv.] pon♠[fr 1] — (appel♠ pour brelan) | {de} |
Basic A | 20171 | kan | 「槓」 | Quad | carré | {de} |
Basic A | 20181 | tsumo (decl.) | 「自摸」 | Win by self-draw | Victoire♥ sur la pioche♥ | {de} |
Basic A | 20191 | ron (decl.) | 「栄」 | Win off discard | Victoire♥ sur l'écart♠ | {de} |
Basic A | 20201 | agari | 「和がり」 | to declare a win | déclarer une victoire | {de} |
Basic A | 20211 | furikomi | 「振込」 | Deal-in | Donner la victoire | {de} |
Basic A | 20221 | sashikomi | 「差し込み」 | Intentional (strategic) deal-in | Donner volontairement (stratégiquement) la victoire | {de} |
Basic A | 20231 | ryuukyoku | 「流局」 | Exhaustive draw | main♥ nulle | [---] Abbau-Unentschieden |
Basic B | 30011 | shuntsu | 「順子」 | Sequence {simp.: run} | séquence♥ | {de} |
Basic B | 30021 | koutsu | 「刻子」 | Triplet {simp.: set} | brelan♠ | {de} |
Basic B | 30031 | kantsu | 「槓子」 | Quad | carré♠ — kan♠ | {de} |
Basic B | 30041 | toitsu | 「対子」 | Pair | paire♥ | {de} |
Basic B | 30051 | taatsu | 「塔子」 | Protogroup | protogroupe♠ | {de} |
Basic B | 30061 | jantou | 「雀頭」 | Final pair | paire♥ finale | [---] Schlusspaar |
Basic B | 30062 | atama | 「頭」 | |||
Basic B | 30071 | minjun | 「明順」 | Exposed sequence {run} | séquence♥ exposée | {de} |
Basic B | 30081 | anjun | 「暗順」 | Concealed sequence {run} | séquence♥ cachée | {de} |
Basic B | 30091 | minkou | 「明刻」 | Exposed triplet {set} | brelan♠ exposé | {de} |
Basic B | 30101 | ankou | 「暗刻」 | Concealed triplet {set} | brelan♠ caché | {de} |
Basic B | 30111 | minkan | 「明槓」 | Exposed quad | carré♠ exposé | {de} |
Basic B | 30121 | ankan | 「暗槓」 | Concealed quad | carré♠ caché | {de} |
Basic B | 30131 | daiminkan | 「大明槓」 | Called kan | carré♠ appelé {brelan caché appelé en...} | {de} |
Basic B | 30141 | shouminkan | 「小明槓」 | Filled kan | carré♠ rempli {brelan exposé augmenté} | {de} |
Basic B | 30151 | kakan | 「加槓」 | Late kan | Kan tardif | {de} |
Basic B | 30161 | okurikan | 「送り槓」 | Four identical tiles | ensemble♠ de quatre tuiles identiques | {de} |
Basic B | 30171 | ryanmen | 「両面」 | Side wait {open} | attente♥ {ouverte} à deux bords | {de} |
Basic B | 30181 | kanchan | 「嵌張」 | Gutter wait {closed} | attente♥ {fermée} entre deux | {de} |
Basic B | 30191 | penchan | 「辺張」 | Edge wait | attente♥ sur le bord | {de} |
Basic B | 30201 | tanki | 「単騎」 | Single wait | attente♥ unique | {de} |
Basic B | 30211 | nobetan | 「延べ単」 | Stretched wait | attente♥ étirée | {de} |
Basic B | 30221 | shanpon | 「双ポン」 | Two-pair wait | attente♥ sur deux paires | {de} |
Basic B | 30222 | shabo | 「シャボ」 | Two-pair wait | attente♥ sur deux paires | {de} |
Basic B | 30301 | ryankan | 「両嵌」 | Two-gutter shape | forme♥ à deux trous | {de} |
Basic B | 30311 | aidayonken | 「間四軒」 | 4-tile interval | intervalle♥ de 4 tuiles | {de} |
Basic D | 50001 | ii ⚀ | 「1」「①」「一」 | One | un | Eins |
J-101 | 60001 | ichi | 「一」 | |||
Basic D | 50002 | ryan ⚁ | 「2」「②」「二」 | Two | deux | Zwei |
J-101 | 60002 | ni | 「二」 | |||
Basic D | 50003 | san ⚂ | 「3」「③」「三」 | Three | trois | Drei |
J-101 | 60003 | san | 「三」 | |||
Basic D | 50004 | suu ⚃ | 「4」「④」「四」 | Four | quatre | Vier |
J-101 | 60004 | yon | 「四」 | |||
Basic D | 50005 | uu ⚄ | 「5」「⑤」「伍」 (五) | Five | cinq | Fünf |
J-101 | 60005 | go | 「伍」 (五) | |||
Basic D | 50006 | roo ⚅ | 「6」「⑥」「六」 | Six | six | Sechs |
J-101 | 60006 | roku | 「六」 | |||
Basic D | 50007 | chii | 「7」「⑦」「七」 | Seven | sept | Sieben |
J-101 | 60007 | nana | 「七」 | |||
Basic D | 50008 | paa | 「8」「⑧」「八」 | Eight | huit | Acht |
J-101 | 60008 | hachi | 「八」 | |||
Basic D | 50009 | kyuu | 「9」「⑨」「九」 | Nine | neuf | Neun |
J-101 | 60009 | kyuu | 「九」 | |||
Basic D | 50011 | ton | 「東」 | East | est♠ | [---] Ost |
Basic D | 50012 | nan | 「南」 | South | sud♠ | [---] Süd |
Basic D | 50013 | shaa | 「西」 | West | ouest♠ | [---] West |
Basic D | 50014 | pei | 「北」 | North | nord♠ | [---] Nord |
Basic D | 50021 | haku | 「白」 | White | blanc♠ | Weiß |
Basic D | 50022 | hatsu | 「發」 | Green {fig.} | vert♠ {fig.} | Grün |
Basic D | 50023 | chun | 「中」 | Red {fig.} | rouge♠ {fig.} | Rot |
Basic D | 50031 | pin(zu) | 「筒子」 | Balls/Coins/Dots | sapèques♠ | Kreise |
Basic D | 50032 | sou(zu) | 「索子」 | Bamboos | bambous♠ | Bambus |
Basic D | 50033 | man(zu) | 「萬子」 | Numerals | chiffres♠ | Zahlen |
Basic D | 50034 | shoku | 「色」 | Suit | couleur♥ | [die] Farbe |
J-101 | 60010 | juu | 「十」 | Ten | dix | Zehn |
J-101 | 60011 | hyaku | 「百」 | Hundred | cent | Hundert |
J-101 | 60012 | sen | 「千」 | Thousand | mille | Tausend |
J-101 | 60013 | man | 「萬」 (万) | Ten thousand | dix mille | Zehntausend |
J-101 | 60020 | yaku | 「役」 | Winning condition | condition♥ gagnante | [---] Gewinnberechtigung |
J-101 | 60022 | dora | 「ドラ」 | Bonus point | point♠ boni | [---] Bonusstein |
J-101 | 60022 | han | 「翻」 | Doubles {exponent} | doubles {exposant} | [---] Siegpunkt(e) |
J-101 | 60023 | fu | 「府」 | Minipoints {base} | minipoints {base} | {de} |
J-101 | 60024 | ten | 「点」 | Points | points | {de} |
... | 80001 | mangan | 「満貫」 | {en} | {fr} | {de} |
... | 80001 | haneman | 「跳満」 | {en} | {fr} | {de} |
... | 80001 | baiman | 「倍満」 | {en} | {fr} | {de} |
... | 80001 | yakuman | 「役満」 | {en} | {fr} | {de} |
J-101 | 65001 | onegai shimasu | 「お願いします」 | {en} | {fr} | {de} |
J-101 | 65011 | arigatou gozaimasu | 「ありがとうございます」 | Thank you very much | merci beaucoup | {de} |
J-101 | 69101 | (1han 30fu) senten | 「千点」 | 1,000 points | 1 000 points | 1 000 Punkte |
J-101 | 69104 | (1han 30fu) goumii | 「ゴーミー」 | 500/300 points {lit.} Trash {fig.} |
500 / 300 points {lit.} Déchets {fig.} |
{de} |
J-101 | 69105 | (1han) nomi | 「のみ」 | "___" only | "___" seulement | {de} |
J-101 | 69111 | (2han 30fu) nisen{ten} | 「二千点」 | 2,000 points | 2 000 points | 2 000 Punkte |
J-101 | 69114 | gottou | 「ゴットー」 | 500/1000 points {lit.} | 500 / 1 000 points {lit.} | 500 / 1 000 Punkte {lit.} |
J-101 | 69123 | niiroku | 「ニーロク」 | 2,600 points | 2 600 points | 2 600 Punkte |
J-101 | 69124 | shichitousan | 「シチトーサン」 | {en} | {fr} | {de} |
J-101 | 69133 | sannii | 「サンニー」 | 3,200 points | 3 200 points | 3 200 Punkte |
J-101 | 69142 | sen nisen | 「千 二千」 | {en} | {fr} | {de} |
J-101 | 69143 | zanku {sankyuu} | 「ザンク」 | 3,900 points | 3 900 points | 3 900 Punkte |
J-101 | 69153 | gounii | 「ゴーニー」 | 5,200 points | 5 200 points | 5 200 Punkte |
J-101 | 69154 | ichisan niroku | 「イチサン ニーロク」 | {en} | {fr} | {de} |
J-101 | 69163 | rokuyon | 「ロクヨン」 | 6,400 points | 6 400 points | 6 400 Punkte |
J-101 | 69164 | ichiroku sannii | 「イチロク サンニー」 | {en} | {fr} | {de} |
J-101 | 69171 | ... | 「jpKanji」 | {en} | {fr} | {de} |
J-101 | 69174 | nisen zanku | 「二千 ザンク」 | {en} | {fr} | {de} |
J-101 | 69181 | hassen | 「八千」 | 1,000 points | 1 000 points | 1 000 Punkte |
J-101 | 69182 | nisen yonsen | 「二千 四千」 | {en} | {fr} | {de} |
J-101 | 69203 | ichigo | 「イチゴー」 | 1,500 points {lit.} Strawberry {fig.} |
1 500 points {lit.} Fraise {fig.} |
1 500 Punkte {lit.} [die] Erdbeere {fig.} |
J-101 | 69213 | niikuu | 「ニークー」 | 2,900 points | 2 900 points | 2 900 Punkte |
J-101 | 69243 | goppaa | 「ゴーパー」 | 5,800 points | 5 800 points | 5 800 Punkte |
J-101 | 69263 | kunroku | 「クンロク」 | 9,600 points | 9 600 points | 9 600 Punkte |
J-101 | 69273 | pinpinroku | 「ピンピンロク」 | 11,600 points | 11 600 points | 11 600 Punkte |
J-101 | 69281 | ichiman nisen | 「一万二千」 | 12,000 points | 12 000 points | 12 000 Punkte |
J-101 | 69303 | ichiroku | 「イチロク」 | 16,000 points | 16 000 points | 16 000 Punkte |
J-101 | 69313 | inpachi | 「インパチ」 | 18,000 points | 18 000 points | 18 000 Punkte |
J-101 | 60001 | 。 | 「。」 | {en} | {fr} | {de} |
J-Chinese | 70001 | houra | 「和了」 | {en} | {fr} | {de} |
J-Chinese | 70001 | min | 「明」 | {en} | {fr} | {de} |
J-Chinese | 70001 | an | 「暗」 | {en} | {fr} | {de} |
J-Chinese | 70001 | houra | 「和了」 | {en} | {fr} | {de} |
... | 80001 | akapai | 「赤牌」 | red tile | tuile♥ rouge | {de} |
... | 80001 | anpai | 「安牌」 | safe tile | tuile♥ sécuritaire | {de} |
... | 80001 | aotenjou | 「青天井」 | skyrocketing scoring | pointage♠ exponentiel | {de} |
... | 80001 | ariari | 「アリアリ」 | {en} | {fr} | {de} |
... | 80001 | nashinashi | 「ナシナシ」 | {en} | {fr} | {de} |
... | 80001 | atamahane | 「頭跳ね」 | priority win / head bump | victoire♥ prioritaire / coup♠ de tête | {de} |
... | 80001 | atozuke | 「先付け」 | late yaku hand | main♥ avec yaku tardif | {de} |
... | 80001 | awaseuchi | 「合わせ打ち」 | matching discard | écart♠ identique | {de} |
... | 80001 | mawashiuchi | 「回し打ち」 | {en} | {fr} | {de} |
... | 80001 | tsumokiri | 「ツモ切り」 | {en} | {fr} | {de} |
... | 80001 | betaori | 「ベタ降り」 | {en} | {fr} | {de} |
... | 80001 | dejitaru | 「デジタル」 | digital {statistical} play | jeu digital {statistique} | {de} |
... | 80001 | okaruto | 「オカルト」 | occult {} play | jeu occulte {} | {de} |
... | 80001 | fuutei | 「副底」 | default base points | points de base par défaut | {de} |
... | 80001 | bazoro | 「場ゾロ」 | default exponent | exposant♠ par défaut | {de} |
... | 80001 | bakaze | 「場風」 | round wind | vent♠ du tour | {de} |
... | 80001 | jikaze | 「自風」 | {en} | {fr} | {de} |
... | 80001 | otakaze | 「客風」 | useless wind | vent♠ inutile | {de} |
... | 80001 | barai | 「払い」 | payment | paiement♠ | {de} |
... | 80001 | chombo | 「錯和」 | major foul | faute♥ grave | {de} |
... | 80001 | daburon | 「ダブロン」 | double ron | double ron♠ | {de} |
... | 80001 | damaten | 「黙聴」 | {en} | {fr} | {de} |
... | 80001 | wanpai | 「王牌」 | {en} | {fr} | {de} |
... | 80001 | oya | 「親」 | dealer | donneur♠ | {de} |
... | 80001 | kawa | 「河」 | river / discard pile | rivière♥ / pile♥ d'écarts | {de} |
... | 80001 | kiru | 「切る」 | cut / discard | {fr} | {de} |
... | 80001 | dora | 「ドラ」 | {en} | {fr} | {de} |
... | 80001 | dorahyouji | 「ドラ表示」 | dora indicator | indicateur♠ de dora | {de} |
... | 80001 | furikomi | 「振り込み」 | {en} | {fr} | {de} |
... | 80001 | furiten | 「振聴」 | {en} | {fr} | {de} |
... | 80001 | genbutsu | 「現物」 | {en} | {fr} | {de} |
... | 80001 | rinshanhai | 「嶺上牌」 | {en} | {fr} | {de} |
... | 80001 | haiteihai | 「海底牌」 | {en} | {fr} | {de} |
... | 80001 | houteihai | 「河底牌」 | {en} | {fr} | {de} |
... | 80001 | tonpuusen | 「東風戦」 | {en} | {fr} | {de} |
... | 80001 | hanchan | 「半荘」 | {en} | {fr} | {de} |
... | 80001 | iichan | 「一荘」 | {en} | {fr} | {de} |
... | 80001 | jigokumachi | 「地獄待ち」 | {en} | {fr} | {de} |
... | 80001 | harabote | 「腹ボテ」 | {en} | {fr} | {de} |
... | 80001 | houjuu | 「放銃」 | {en} | {fr} | {de} |
... | 80001 | ikasama | 「イカサマ」 | {en} | {fr} | {de} |
... | 80001 | inchiki | 「インチキ」 | {en} | {fr} | {de} |
... | 80001 | shimocha | 「下家」 | player to the right | joueur♠ à droite | {de} |
... | 80001 | toimen | 「対面」 | Player across | joueur♠ en face | {de} |
... | 80001 | kamicha | 「上家」 | player to the left | joueur♠ à la gauche | {de} |
... | 80001 | kandora | 「カンドラ」 | kan dora | dora♠ supplémentaire (grâce au kan) | {de} |
... | 80001 | kikenhai | 「危険牌」 | {en} | {fr} | {de} |
... | 80001 | kiriage mangan | 「切り上げ満貫」 | {en} | {fr} | {de} |
... | 80001 | kuikae | 「喰い替え」 | {en} | {fr} | {de} |
... | 80001 | kuisagari | 「喰い下がり」 | {en} | {fr} | {de} |
... | 80001 | kuitan | 「喰い断」 | {en} | {fr} | {de} |
... | 80001 | machi | 「待ち」 | {en} | {fr} | {de} |
... | 80001 | menzen | 「門前」 | {en} | {fr} | {de} |
... | 80001 | tenpai | 「聴牌」 | {en} | {fr} | {de} |
... | 80001 | noten bappu | 「ノーテン罰符」 | {en} | {fr} | {de} |
... | 80001 | nukidora | 「抜きドラ」 | {en} | {fr} | {de} |
... | 80001 | okkake riichi | 「追っかけリーチ」 | {en} | {fr} | {de} |
... | 80001 | oorasu | 「オーラス」 | {en} | {fr} | {de} |
... | 80001 | kuitanyaochuu | 「喰い断幺九」 | {en} | {fr} | {de} |
... | 80001 | pao | 「包」 | responsibility | responsabilité♥ | {de} |
... | 80001 | renchan | 「連荘」 | {en} | {fr} | {de} |
... | 80001 | riipai | 「理牌」 | {en} | {fr} | {de} |
... | 80001 | ryanhan shibari | 「二飜縛り」 | 2-han minimum | minimum♠ de 2 han | {de} |
... | 80001 | shanten | 「向聴」 | count (from tempai) | compte♠ (de tenpai) | {de} |
... | 80001 | shibori | 「絞り」 | squeeze play | jouer la rétention | {de} |
... | 80001 | shonpai | 「生牌」 | live tile | tuile♥ vivante | {de} |
... | 80001 | suji | 「筋」 | fork / muscle (lit.) | fourchette♥ / muscle (lit.) | {de} |
... | 80001 | suupai | 「数牌」 | number tiles | tuiles♥ à numéros | {de} |
... | 80001 | chunchan | 「中張」 | simples | simples | {de} |
... | 80001 | chunchanhai | 「中張牌」 | simple tile | tuile♥ simple | {de} |
... | 80001 | tanyaohai | 「断幺牌」 | {en} | {fr} | {de} |
... | 80001 | yaochuuhai | 「幺九牌」 | {en} | {fr} | {de} |
... | 80001 | routouhai | 「老頭牌」 | end tile | tuile♥ d'extrémité | {de} |
... | 80001 | jihai | 「字牌」 | {en} | {fr} | {de} |
... | 80001 | sangenpai | 「三元牌」 | {en} | {fr} | {de} |
... | 80001 | kazehai | 「風牌」 | {en} | {fr} | {de} |
... | 80001 | uradora | 「裏ドラ」 | {en} | {fr} | {de} |
... | 80001 | wareme | 「割れ目」 | {en} | {fr} | {de} |
... | 80001 | yakitori | 「焼き鳥」 | {en} | {fr} | {de} |
... | 80001 | zentsuppa | 「全ツッパ」 | {en} | {fr} | {de} |
... | 80001 | karagiri | 「空切り」 | {en} | {fr} | {de} |
... | 80001 | tenpane | 「点パネ」 | {12-20 extra fu hand} | {fr} | {de} |
... | 80001 | fuhane | 「符跳ね」 | {en} | {fr} | {de} |
... | 80001 | haifu | 「牌譜」 | Game record | historique♥ de jeu | {de} |
... | 80001 | chiicha | 「起家」 | First dealer | premier donneur♠ | {de} |
... | 80001 | suufon renda | 「四風連打」 | Four-wind abortion | avortement♠ de quatre vents | {de} |
... | 90001 | . | 「jpKanji」 | {en} | {fr} | {de} |
Table notes
Japanese
- ↑ Japanese terms are written when possible with extended vowels, without hyphens or macrons.
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is not used in prior text.French
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is not used in prior text.♦ Mot invariable. ♠ Mot masculin. ♥ Mot féminin.
German
- ↑ But Miller points out that the Sun is not as large as some other stars.
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is not used in prior text.♦ (inv.). ♠ (maskulin). ♣ (neutrum.). ♥ (feminin).
Controversial translation by language
French
Generally, there are two main sources for French terminology: the French Federation of Mah-Jong (FFMJ), and Club Riichi de Montréal (CRM), as well as various authors hailing from the spheres of influence of the two organizations. Some terms may not reflect the words in usage in either area and there is no sustained effort to either harmonize or even officialize the terminology used. While Senechal's point of view is heavily biased towards CRM, the goal is to maintain as much similitude as possible. French has a wide gamut of precise terms to describe more things than in English. The caveats to this are when a translation was poorly done on either end, or if a non-riichi version of mahjong introduces a term conflicting with Japanese mahjong.
Pinzu: Cercle versus sapèque
Pinzu have been referred to as "cercles" by the Réunion Federation of Mah-Jong (FRMJ), a sub-group of the FFMJ, as well as in books by Stéphane Parcollet. Everyone can understand that circles are round. The problem lies in the fact that circles are monolinear abstract objects, whereas the concrete objects represented are coins used in China, with holes in them. Whereas the English term for them (cash) has not caught on, the French language has the term sapèque, which is quite precise, unambiguous, and does not raise eyebrows related to anti-gambling prejudice like cash would in English.
As cercles would cause a shorthand conflict with caractères or chiffres (see below), it also poorly serves a disambiguative purpose.
Ruling: Use sapèque, never cercle (imprecise).
Manzu: Caractère versus chiffre, nombre
The word characters is a poor choice in any language, as Asian languages use characters for everything. Mahjong tiles themselves have 15 different tiles (from the base 34 types) that have Chinese characters on them. This leads to a lot of confusion with character, number, digit and word. All tiles from 1 to 9 (108 tiles) are called suupai (number tiles), and all other tiles (28 tiles) represent winds and dragons, called jihai (word tiles). But if words on word tiles are characters, then why call anything characters?
Note: TBD in English.
Ruling: Use chiffre in French, not caractère (imprecise) nor nombre (other use).
Cross-language issues
Pinzu versus Tonzu
The cash coins represented on mahjong tiles would be accurately described as tonzu. However, many areas in China, as well as the people who helped disseminate mahjong in Japan were using the term pinzu, representing barrels as opposed to coins. In the western world, there is no clear term used: circles and dots in English, cercles and sapèques in French, etc. While standardizing to one word per language serves a purpose, forcefully aligning every language to a singular concept may not be beneficial.
Ruling: pinzu in Japanese, sapèque in French, TBD in English.
Souzu versus Bamboo
Souzu in Japanese represents what it does in Chinese: string stacks of coins, representing 100 coins per stack. It in no way means bamboo (it's not called chikuzu), but as it has garnered overwhelming traction in all languages even by people uninterested in mahjong, it would be pointless to change a term that has garnered more acceptance than the game itself.
Terminals versus Ends
There is a dispute as whether to use terminals or ends for the terms yaochuuhai and routouhai. In English and French, the logic that applies is that a terminal must be at the start, finish, or sole point in a line, whereas an end must be at the start or finish of a non-zero length line. In German, there is an expression, "Alles hat ein Ende, nur die Wurst hat zwei". It is important to consider the three suits (die Farbe) as being the sausage here.
Ruling: Yaochuuhai, even if it says "1-9-tiles" in Japanese and Chinese, means all of ones, nines, winds and dragons: it is thus translated as terminals.
Routouhai refers specifically to ones and nines exclusively: both honroutou and chinroutou require that consistency be kept among the terms (and tsuuiisou requires none), and thus, it should be translated as ends.
Notes
The index key provided is currently a work in progress. The last digit is used for overlapping terminology or ideas.