List of terminology translations
Mahjong is a game that has effectively crossed the borders of both countries and languages. Given this, many languages have taken liberties in translating terms however they felt like, borrowing from other variants' translations or from other games, with mixed results.
Below is a list aiming to provide a translation of all important mahjong terminology: as such, it will be presented in a lexical order by theme. This list aims not to catalog multiple variants but to present a structured translation consistent in all languages with a sufficient player base. Also, it will not present definitions. Translations that are only indicative are preceded by ***, as the Japanese word has been fully assimilated as a normally used word among players. French and German shall indicate gender and plural as appropriate.
List of terms
The key index of the various terms is not meant to be sequential but to structure the data by theme and by relevant subgroup. A quick summary of the grouping is that the first digit relates to the theme, and the last digit refers to the number or type of translation of the same concept. Digits 2,3,4 may vary in relevance and meaning according to the situation.
Theme | Key | Japanese[ja 1] | Characters | English | French | German |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Yaku | 11011 | Riichi | 「立直」 | Riichi[en 1] — (Ready hand) | [inv.] riichi♦/♠[fr 1] — (main♥ prête) | Riichi[de 1] |
Yaku | 11021 | Ippatsu | 「一発」 | Ippatsu[en 1] — (One-shot) | Ippatsu[fr 1] — (premier tour♠ post-riichi) | Ippatsu |
Yaku | 11031 | Menzenchin tsumohou | 「門前清自摸和」 | Menzen tsumo[en 1] — (All concealed) | menzen tsumo[fr 1] — (main♥ cachée) | Komplett verdeckte Hand |
Yaku | 11041 | Pinfu | 「平和」 | Pinfu[en 1] — (Flat hand) | pinfu♠[fr 1] — (main♥ plate) | Pinfu |
Yaku | 11051 | Iipeikou | 「一盃口」 | Double sequence | double séquence♥ | Reine Doppel-Sequenz |
Yaku | 11111 | Tanyao(chuu) | 「断幺九」 | Tanyao[en 1] — (Simple hand) | tanyao♠[fr 1] — (main♥ simple) | Nur Grundsteine |
Yaku | 11121 | Yakuhai | 「役牌」 | Value tiles | Tuiles♥ de valeur | Trumpfsteine |
Yaku | 11131 | Rinshan kaihou | 「嶺上開花」 | Rinshan[en 1] — (Win off the replacement tile) | rinshan♠[fr 1] — (victoire♥ sur la tuile de remplacement) | Ersatzsteingewinn |
Yaku | 11141 | Chankan | 「搶槓」 | Chankan[en 1] — (Robbing the kan) | chankan♠[fr 1] — (kan♠ volé) | Beraubung des Kan |
Yaku | 11151 | Haitei raoyue | 「海底撈月」 | Last pick | dernière pioche♥ | Letzter Stein |
Yaku | 11161 | Houtei raoyui | 「河底撈魚」 | Last discard | dernière défausse♥ | Letzter abgeworfener Stein |
Yaku | 12011 | Double riichi | 「ダブルリーチ」 | Double riichi | double riichi♠ | Doppel-Riichi |
Yaku | 12021 | Chiitoitsu | 「七対子」 | Seven pairs | sept paires♥ | Sieben Paare |
Yaku | 12111 | Chanta | 「全帯幺九」 | Chanta[en 1] — (Mixed terminal hand) | chanta♠[fr 1] — (main♥ de terminales mixte) | Randsteine in jedem Set |
Yaku | 12121 | Sanshoku doujun | 「三色同順」 | Triple sequence | triple séquence♥ | Gemischte Dreifach-Sequenz |
Yaku | 12131 | Ittsu (Ikkitsuukan) | 「一気通貫」 | Straight | serpentin♠ | Straße |
Yaku | 12211 | Toitoi | 「対々」 | All triplets | tous brelans♠ | Nur Drillinge |
Yaku | 12221 | Sanankou | 「三暗刻」 | Three concealed triplets | trois brelans♠ cachés | Drei verdeckte Drillinge |
Yaku | 12231 | Sanshoku doukou | 「三色同刻」 | Triple triplets | triple brelan♠ | Drei gemischte Drillinge |
Yaku | 12241 | Sankantsu | 「三槓子」 | Three kans | trois carrés♠ | Drei Vierlinge |
Yaku | 12251 | Shousangen | 「小三元」 | Little three dragons | trois petits dragons♠ | Kleine Drei Drachen |
Yaku | 12261 | Honroutou | 「混老頭」 | Pure terminal hand | tous terminales♥ pures | Nur Randzahlen und Trümpfe |
Yaku | 13011 | Ryanpeikou | 「二盃口」 | Double double sequence | double double séquence♥ | Zwei Reine Doppel-Sequenzen |
Yaku | 13211 | Honitsu | 「混一色」 | Mixed flush | couleur♥ mixte | Gemischtes Farbspiel |
Yaku | 13221 | Junchan | 「純全帯么」 | Mixed ends hand | main♥ d'extrémités mixte | Randzahlen in jedem Set |
Yaku | 16511 | Chinitsu | 「清一色」 | Pure flush | couleur♥ pure | Reines Farbspiel |
Yaku | 18011 | Tenhou | 「天和」 | Tenhou[en 1] — (Miracle start (dealer)) | tenhou♠[fr 1] — (départ♠ miraculeux (donneur)) | Tenhou - Segen des Himmels |
Yaku | 18021 | Chiihou | 「地和」 | Chiihou[en 1] — (Miracle start (non-dealer)) | chiihou♠[fr 1] — (départ♠ miraculeux (non-donneur)) | Chiihou - Segen der Erde |
Yaku | 18031 | Kokushi musou | 「国士無双」 | Thirteen orphans | treize orphelins♠ | Dreizehn Waisen |
Yaku | 18041 | Chuuren poutou | 「九連宝燈」 | Nine lanterns | neuf lanternes♥ | Neun Laternen |
Yaku | 18051 | Suuankou | 「四暗刻」 | Four concealed triples | quatre brelans♠ cachés | Vier verdeckte Drillinge |
Yaku | 18811 | Ryuuiisou | 「緑一色」 | All green | main♥ verte | Grüne Hand |
Yaku | 18831 | Tsuuiisou | 「字一色」 | All word tiles | tous vents♠ et dragons♠ | Nur Trümpfe |
Yaku | 18841 | Shousuushi | 「小四喜」 | Four little winds | quatre petits vents♠ | Kleine Vier Winde |
Yaku | 18851 | Daisuushi | 「大四喜」 | Four big winds | trois grands dragons♠ | Große Vier Winde |
Yaku | 18861 | Chinroutou | 「清老頭」 | All ends | toutes extrémités♥ pures | Reines Randzahlenspiel |
Yaku | 18871 | Suukantsu | 「四槓子」 | Four kans | quatre carrés♠ | Vier Vierlinge |
Yaku | 18881 | Daisangen | 「大三元」 | Big three dragons | trois grands dragons♠ | Große Drei Drachen |
Yaku | 19011 | Renhou | 「人和」 | Renhou[en 1] — (Miracle discard) | renhou♠[fr 1] — (écart♠ miraculeux) | Renhou - Segen der Menschheit |
Yaku | 19911 | Nagashi mangan | 「流し満貫」 | Pool of dreams*** | pile♥ fantastique | Nur Randsteine abgeworfen |
Yaku | 19921 | Kazoe yakuman | 「数え役満」 | Counted yakuman | yakuman♠ compté | Gezähltes Yakuman |
A1-Setup | 21111 | hai / pai | 「牌」 | Tile(s) | tuile♥ | [der] Stein |
A1-Setup | 21121 | tenbou | 「点棒」 | Point stick | bâtonnet♠ de points | {de} |
A1-Setup | 21131 | saikoro 🎲 | 「骰子」 | Die (Dice) | dé(s)♠ | {de} |
A1-Setup | 21141 | chiicha | 「起家」 | First dealer | premier donneur♠ | {de} |
A1-Setup | 21151 | oya | 「親」 | dealer | donneur♠ | {de} |
A1-Setup | 21161 | ko | 「子」 | non-dealer | non-donneur♠ | {de} |
A1-Setup | 21211 | yama {fig.} | 「山」 | Wall | mur♠ | [die] Mauer |
A1-Setup | 21212 | kabe {lit.} | 「壁」 | |||
A1-Setup | 21221 | wanpai | 「王牌」 | Dead wall | réserve♥ | [---] Tote Mauer |
A1-Setup | 21231 | wareme | 「割れ目」 | 1. Break in the wall 2. Hot wall rule |
1. brèche 2. Règle de paiement doublé |
{de} |
A1-Setup | 21241 | ton | 「幢」 | Stack(s) | tas♠* (pile(s)♥ de 2) | {de} |
A1-Setup | 21251 | haipai | 「配牌」 | Starting hand | main♥ initiale | {de} |
A1-Setup | 21261 | riipai | 「理牌」 | Hand sorting | tri♠ de la main | {de} |
A1-Setup | 21271 | kawa | 「河」 | river / discard pile | rivière♥ / défausse♥ {pile♥ d'écarts} | {de} |
A2-Phase | 22111 | ba | 「場」 | (wind) round | tour♠ (de vent) | {de} |
A2-Phase | 22121 | kyoku | 「局」 | game {simp.: hand} | partie♥ {simp. : main} | {de} |
A2-Phase | 22131 | honba | 「本場」 | Repeat counter | compteur♠ de répétition | {de} |
A2-Phase | 22141 | jun | 「巡」 | Turn | tour♠ (de table) | {de} |
A2-Phase | 22151 | ban | 「番」 | Action {their turn to play} | action♥ {son tour à jouer} | {de} |
A2-Phase | 22161 | oorasu | 「オーラス」 | Final game (simp.: final hand; lit.: all last) | dernière main♥ | {de} |
A3-Action steps | 23111 | tsumo (n.) | 「自摸」 | Draw | pioche♥ | {de} |
A3-Action steps | 23121 | hiku (v.) | 「引く」 | piger | {de} | |
A3-Action steps | 23131 | suteru (v.) | 「捨てる」 | Discard | écarter | {de} |
A3-Action steps | 23132 | sutehai (n.) | 「捨て牌」 | écart | {de} | |
A3-Action steps | 23133 | kiru | 「切る」 | cut / discard | couper / écarter | {de} |
A3-Action steps | 23141 | naku (v.) | 「鳴く」 | Call | appeler | {de} |
A3-Action steps | 23142 | fuuro (n.) | 「副露」 | réquisition♥ | {de} | |
A3-Action steps | 23151 | chii | 「吃」 | Chii[en 1] — (call for sequence) | [inv.] chii[fr 1] — (appel♠ pour séquence) | {de} |
A3-Action steps | 23161 | pon | 「碰」 | Pon[en 1] — (call for triplet) | [inv.] pon♠[fr 1] — (appel♠ pour brelan) | {de} |
A3-Action steps | 23171 | kan | 「槓」 | Quad | carré | {de} |
A3-Action steps | 23181 | riichi sengen | 「立直宣言」 | Riichi declaration | Déclaration de riichi | {de} |
A3-Action steps | 23211 | tsumo (decl.) | 「自摸」 | Win by self-draw | Victoire♥ sur la pioche♥ | {de} |
A3-Action steps | 23221 | ron (decl.) | 「栄」 | Win off discard | Victoire♥ sur l'écart♠ | {de} |
A3-Action steps | 23231 | agari | 「和がり」 | to declare a win | déclarer une victoire | {de} |
A3-Action steps | 23241 | furikomi | 「振込」 | Deal-in | Donner la victoire | {de} |
A3-Action steps | 23242 | houjuu | 「放銃」 | |||
A3-Action steps | 23251 | sashikomi | 「差し込み」 | Intentional (strategic) deal-in | Donner volontairement (stratégiquement) la victoire | {de} |
A4-Endgame | 24111 | ryuukyoku | 「流局」 | Exhaustive draw | main♥ nulle | [---] Abbau-Unentschieden |
A4-Endgame | 24121 | noten bappu | 「ノーテン罰符」 | Noten penalty points | points de pénalité noten | {de} |
A4-Endgame | 24131 | tenpai | 「聴牌」 | Waiting hand | main en attente | {de} |
A4-Endgame | 24141 | noten | 「ノーテン」 | Not a waiting hand | main pas en attente | {de} |
A4-Endgame | 24211 | kyuushu kyuuhai | 「」 | Nine-terminal initial abort | avortement♠ par neuf terminales initiales | {de} |
A4-Endgame | 24221 | suufon renda | 「四風連打」 | Four-wind abort | avortement♠ par quatre vents | {de} |
A4-Endgame | 24231 | suucha riichi | 「」 | Four-riichi abort | avortement♠ par quatre riichi | {de} |
A4-Endgame | 24211 | sanchahou | 「」 | Four-wind abort | avortement♠ de quatre vents | {de} |
A4-Endgame | 24311 | furiten | 「振聴」 | Dropped wait | attente tombée | {de} |
A4-Endgame | 24411 | chombo | 「錯和」 | major foul | faute♥ grave | {de} |
A5-Scoring | 25111 | yaku | 「役」 | Winning condition | condition♥ gagnante | [---] Gewinnberechtigung |
A5-Scoring | 25121 | dora | 「ドラ」 | Bonus point | point♠ boni | [---] Bonusstein |
A5-Scoring | 25131 | han | 「翻」 | Doubles {exponent} | doubles {exposant} | [---] Siegpunkt(e) |
A5-Scoring | 25141 | fu | 「府」 | Minipoints {base} | minipoints {base} | {de} |
A5-Scoring | 25151 | fuutei | 「副底」 | default base points | points de base par défaut | {de} |
A5-Scoring | 25161 | bazoro | 「場ゾロ」 | default exponent | exposant♠ par défaut | {de} |
A5-Scoring | 25171 | ten | 「点」 | Points | points | {de} |
A5-Scoring | 25181 | harai | 「払い」 | payment | paiement♠ | {de} |
A5-Scoring | 25211 | tenpane | 「点パネ」 | {12-20 extra fu hand} | {fr} | {de} |
A5-Scoring | 25212 | fuhane | 「符跳ね」 | {en} | {fr} | {de} |
A6-Scores | 26101 | mangan | 「満貫」 | Limit hand | main♥ limite | {de} |
A6-Scores | 26151 | haneman | 「跳満」 | 1.5-limit hand | main limite-et-demie | {de} |
A6-Scores | 26201 | baiman | 「倍満」 | Double-limit hand | main limite double | {de} |
A6-Scores | 26301 | sanbaiman | 「三倍満」 | Triple-limit hand | main limite triple | {de} |
A6-Scores | 26401 | yakuman | 「役満」 | Supreme hand | main♥ suprême | {de} |
A6-Scores | 26511 | pao | 「包」 | responsibility | responsabilité♥ | {de} |
A7-Repeats | 27111 | renchan | 「連荘」 | {en} | {fr} | {de} |
A8-Rule Options | 28111 | ariari | 「アリアリ」 | {en} | {fr} | {de} |
A8-Rule Options | 28121 | nashinashi | 「ナシナシ」 | {en} | {fr} | {de} |
A8-Rule Options | 28211 | daburon | 「ダブロン」 | double ron | double ron♠ | {de} |
A8-Rule Options | 28221 | atamahane | 「頭跳ね」 | priority win / head bump | victoire♥ prioritaire / coup♠ de tête | {de} |
A8-Rule Options | 28311 | kuitan | 「喰い断」 | Open tanyao | tanyao ouvert | {de} |
A8-Rule Options | 28411 | atozuke | 「先付け」 | late yaku hand | main♥ avec yaku tardif | {de} |
A8-Rule Options | 28511 | kuikae | 「喰い替え」 | call-and-switch from same fork | appeler et écarter de la même fourchette | {de} |
A8-Rule Options | 28611 | hanchan | 「半荘」 | Match (standard two-wind match) | match (standard de deux vents) | {de} |
A8-Rule Options | 28621 | tonpuusen | 「東風戦」 | One-wind match (East) | Match d'un vent (est) | {de} |
A8-Rule Options | 28711 | ryanhan shibari | 「二飜縛り」 | 2-han minimum | minimum♠ de 2 han | {de} |
A8-Rule Options | 28721 | yakitori | 「焼き鳥」 | {en} | {fr} | {de} |
A8-Rule Options | 28811 | kiriage mangan | 「切り上げ満貫」 | Rounded mangan | mangan arrondi | {de} |
A9-Fantasy Options | 29111 | iichan | 「一荘」 | Long four-wind match | match long à quatre vents | {de} |
A9-Fantasy Options | 29121 | aotenjou | 「青天井」 | skyrocketing scoring | pointage♠ exponentiel | {de} |
B1-Elements | 31111 | shuntsu | 「順子」 | Sequence {simp.: run} | séquence♥ | {de} |
B1-Elements | 31121 | koutsu | 「刻子」 | Triplet {simp.: set} | brelan♠ | {de} |
B1-Elements | 31131 | kantsu | 「槓子」 | Quad | carré♠ — kan♠ | {de} |
B1-Elements | 31141 | toitsu | 「対子」 | Pair | paire♥ | {de} |
B1-Elements | 31151 | taatsu | 「塔子」 | Protogroup | protogroupe♠ | {de} |
B1-Elements | 31161 | jantou | 「雀頭」 | Final pair | paire♥ finale | [---] Schlusspaar |
B1-Elements | 31162 | atama | 「頭」 | |||
B2-Declinations | 32111 | minjun | 「明順」 | Exposed sequence {run} | séquence♥ exposée | {de} |
B2-Declinations | 32121 | anjun | 「暗順」 | Concealed sequence {run} | séquence♥ cachée | {de} |
B2-Declinations | 32211 | minkou | 「明刻」 | Exposed triplet {set} | brelan♠ exposé | {de} |
B2-Declinations | 32221 | ankou | 「暗刻」 | Concealed triplet {set} | brelan♠ caché | {de} |
B2-Declinations | 32311 | minkan | 「明槓」 | Exposed quad | carré♠ exposé | {de} |
B2-Declinations | 32321 | ankan | 「暗槓」 | Concealed quad | carré♠ caché | {de} |
B2-Declinations | 32331 | daiminkan | 「大明槓」 | Called kan | carré♠ appelé {brelan caché appelé en...} | {de} |
B2-Declinations | 32341 | shouminkan | 「小明槓」 | Filled kan | carré♠ rempli {brelan exposé augmenté} | {de} |
B2-Declinations | 32351 | kakan | 「加槓」 | Late kan | Kan tardif | {de} |
B2-Declinations | 32361 | okurikan | 「送り槓」 | Four identical tiles | ensemble♠ de quatre tuiles identiques | {de} |
B3-Waits | 33001 | machi | 「待ち」 | wait | attente | {de} |
B3-Waits | 33111 | tanki | 「単騎」 | Single wait | attente♥ unique | {de} |
B3-Waits | 33121 | wanchansu | 「ワンチャンス」 | One chance (lit.) | Une chance (lit.) | {de} |
B3-Waits | 33131 | jigokumachi | 「地獄待ち」 | Hell wait | seule attente possible {attente d'enfer} | {de} |
B3-Waits | 33141 | kanchan | 「嵌張」 | Gutter wait {closed} | attente♥ {fermée} entre deux | {de} |
B3-Waits | 33151 | penchan | 「辺張」 | Edge wait | attente♥ sur le bord | {de} |
B3-Waits | 33161 | harabote | 「腹ボテ」 | {en} | {fr} | {de} |
B3-Waits | 33211 | ryanmen | 「両面」 | Side wait {open} | attente♥ {ouverte} à deux bords | {de} |
B3-Waits | 33221 | shanpon | 「双ポン」 | Two-pair wait | attente♥ sur deux paires | {de} |
B3-Waits | 33222 | shabo | 「シャボ」 | |||
B3-Waits | 33231 | nobetan | 「延べ単」 | Stretched wait | attente♥ étirée | {de} |
B3-Waits | 33311 | 「」 | ||||
B3-Waits | 33321 | 「」 | ||||
B3-Waits | 33331 | entotsu-kei | 「煙突系」 | Chimney wait | attente♥ en cheminée | {de} |
B3-Waits | 33811 | taamenchan | 「延べ単」 | Stretched wait | attente♥ étirée | {de} |
B4-Mechanics | 34111 | suji | 「筋」 | fork / muscle (lit.) | fourchette♥ / muscle (lit.) | {de} |
B4-Mechanics | 34121 | urasuji | 「裏筋」 | side fork / muscle (lit.) | fourchette♥ adjacente (lit.) | {de} |
B4-Mechanics | 34131 | matagisuji | 「跨ぎ筋」 | straddled fork / muscle (lit.) | fourchette♥ à cheval | {de} |
B4-Mechanics | 34211 | aidayonken | 「間四軒」 | 4-tile interval | intervalle♥ de 4 tuiles | {de} |
B4-Mechanics | 34311 | shanten | 「向聴」 | count (from tempai) | compte♠ (de tenpai♠) | {de} |
B5-Strategy | 35111 | menzen | 「門前」 | {en} | {fr} | {de} |
B5-Strategy | 35121 | kuisagari | 「喰い下がり」 | downgraded by calling | rabaissé en réquisitionnant | {de} |
B5-Strategy | 35211 | sensei riichi | 「先制リーチ」 | leading riichi | riichi♠ en tête | {de} |
B5-Strategy | 35221 | okkake riichi | 「追っかけリーチ」 | following riichi | riichi♠ en queue | {de} |
B5-Strategy | 35231 | damaten | 「黙聴」 | Silent wait | attente♥ silencieuse | {de} |
B-Designations | 37111 | genbutsu | 「現物」 | 100% safe tile | tuile♥ 100 % sécuritaire | {de} |
B-Designations | 37121 | anpai | 「安牌」 | safe tile | tuile♥ sécuritaire | {de} |
B-Designations | 37131 | kikenhai | 「危険牌」 | Dangerous tile | tuile♥ dangereuse | {de} |
B-Designations | 37141 | shonpai | 「生牌」 | live tile | tuile♥ vivante | {de} |
B-Designations | 37211 | rinshanhai | 「嶺上牌」 | Replacement tile | tuile♥ de remplacement♠ | {de} |
B-Designations | 37221 | haiteihai | 「海底牌」 | Last live tile | Dernière tuile♥ du mur♠ | {de} |
B-Designations | 37231 | houteihai | 「河底牌」 | Last discard | Dernier écart♠ | {de} |
B-Designations | 37311 | shuupai | 「数牌」 | number tiles | tuiles♥ à numéros | {de} |
B-Designations | 37321 | chunchanhai | 「中張牌」 | simple tiles | tuiles♥ simples | {de} |
B-Designations | 37322 | tanyaohai | 「断幺牌」 | |||
B-Designations | 37331 | akapai | 「赤牌」 | red tiles | tuiles♥ rouges | {de} |
B-Designations | 37411 | yaochuuhai | 「幺九牌」 | terminal tiles | tuiles terminales | {de} |
B-Designations | 37421 | routouhai | 「老頭牌」 | end tiles | tuiles♥ d'extrémité♥ | {de} |
B-Designations | 37431 | jihai | 「字牌」 | word tiles | tuiles♥ de mots♠ | {de} |
B-Designations | 37441 | sangenpai | 「三元牌」 | dragon tiles | tuiles♥ de vents♠ | {de} |
B-Designations | 37451 | kazehai | 「風牌」 | wind tiles | tuiles♥ de dragons♠ | {de} |
B-Designations | 37511 | bakaze | 「場風」 | round wind | vent♠ du tour♠ | {de} |
B-Designations | 37521 | jikaze | 「自風」 | player wind | vent♠ du joueur♠ | {de} |
B-Designations | 37531 | otakaze | 「客風」 | useless wind | vent♠ inutile | {de} |
B-Designations | 37611 | dorahyoujihai | 「ドラ表示牌」 | dora indicator | indicateur♠ de dora | {de} |
B-Designations | 37621 | kandora | 「カンドラ」 | kan dora | dora♠ supplémentaire (grâce au kan) | {de} |
B-Designations | 37631 | uradora | 「裏ドラ」 | hidden dora | dora caché | {de} |
B-Designations | 37641 | nukidora | 「抜きドラ」 | replacement dora | dora de remplacement | {de} |
B-Designations | 37711 | shimocha | 「下家」 | player to the right | joueur♠ à droite | {de} |
B-Designations | 37721 | toimen | 「対面」 | Player across | joueur♠ en face | {de} |
B-Designations | 37731 | kamicha | 「上家」 | player to the left | joueur♠ à la gauche | {de} |
B9-Cheating | 39111 | ikasama | 「イカサマ」 | Cheating | tricher | {de} |
B9-Cheating | 39121 | inchiki | 「インチキ」 | Device/software manipulation for cheating | manipulation avec objets/logiciel pour tricher | {de} |
C-Tactics | 41111 | awaseuchi | 「合わせ打ち」 | matching discard | écart♠ identique | {de} |
C-Tactics | 41121 | tsumokiri | 「ツモ切り」 | draw and discard {same tile} | écarter sa pioche | {de} |
C-Tactics | 41131 | karagiri | 「空切り」 | discard an equal tile from inside the hand | écarter une tuile équivalente à sa pioche | {de} |
C-Tactics | 42111 | zentsuppa | 「全ツッパ」 | Playing 100% offensively | jouer 100 % offensivement | {de} |
C-Tactics | 42121 | mawashiuchi | 「回し打ち」 | Playing to win while dodging | jouer pour gagner en esquivant | {de} |
C-Tactics | 42131 | betaori | 「ベタ降り」 | Scuttling one's hand for defense | saborder son jeu défensivement | {de} |
C-Tactics | 42141 | shibori | 「絞り」 | squeeze play | jouer la rétention | {de} |
C-Tactics | 43111 | dejitaru | 「デジタル」 | digital {statistical} play | jeu digital {statistique} | {de} |
C-Tactics | 43121 | okaruto | 「オカルト」 | occult {} play | jeu occulte {} | {de} |
Basic D | 50001 | ii ⚀ | 「1」「①」「一」 | One | un | Eins |
J-101 | 60001 | ichi | 「一」 | |||
Basic D | 50002 | ryan ⚁ | 「2」「②」「二」 | Two | deux | Zwei |
J-101 | 60002 | ni | 「二」 | |||
Basic D | 50003 | san ⚂ | 「3」「③」「三」 | Three | trois | Drei |
J-101 | 60003 | san | 「三」 | |||
Basic D | 50004 | suu ⚃ | 「4」「④」「四」 | Four | quatre | Vier |
J-101 | 60004 | yon | 「四」 | |||
Basic D | 50005 | uu ⚄ | 「5」「⑤」「伍」 (五) | Five | cinq | Fünf |
J-101 | 60005 | go | 「伍」 (五) | |||
Basic D | 50006 | roo ⚅ | 「6」「⑥」「六」 | Six | six | Sechs |
J-101 | 60006 | roku | 「六」 | |||
Basic D | 50007 | chii | 「7」「⑦」「七」 | Seven | sept | Sieben |
J-101 | 60007 | nana | 「七」 | |||
Basic D | 50008 | paa | 「8」「⑧」「八」 | Eight | huit | Acht |
J-101 | 60008 | hachi | 「八」 | |||
Basic D | 50009 | kyuu | 「9」「⑨」「九」 | Nine | neuf | Neun |
J-101 | 60009 | kyuu | 「九」 | |||
Basic D | 51111 | ton | 「東」 | East | est♠ | [---] Ost |
Basic D | 51121 | nan | 「南」 | South | sud♠ | [---] Süd |
Basic D | 51131 | shaa | 「西」 | West | ouest♠ | [---] West |
Basic D | 51141 | pei | 「北」 | North | nord♠ | [---] Nord |
Basic D | 51151 | chun | 「中」 | Red {fig.} | rouge♠ {fig.} | Rot |
Basic D | 51161 | haku | 「白」 | White | blanc♠ | Weiß |
Basic D | 51171 | hatsu | 「發」 | Green {fig.} | vert♠ {fig.} | Grün |
Basic D | 51211 | pin(zu) | 「筒子」 | Balls/Coins/Dots | sapèques♠ | Kreise |
Basic D | 51221 | sou(zu) | 「索子」 | Bamboos | bambous♠ | Bambus |
Basic D | 51231 | man(zu) | 「萬子」 | Numerals | chiffres♠ | Zahlen |
Basic D | 51291 | shoku | 「色」 | Suit | couleur♥ | [die] Farbe |
J-101 | 60010 | juu | 「十」 | Ten | dix | Zehn |
J-101 | 60100 | hyaku | 「百」 | Hundred | cent | Hundert |
J-101 | 61000 | sen | 「千」 | Thousand | mille | Tausend |
J-101 | 61040 | man | 「萬」 (万) | Ten thousand | dix mille | Zehntausend |
J-101 | 65111 | onegai shimasu | 「お願いします」 | {en} | {fr} | {de} |
J-101 | 65121 | arigatou gozaimasu | 「ありがとうございます」 | Thank you very much | merci beaucoup | {de} |
J-101 | 69101 | (1han 30fu) senten | 「千点」 | 1,000 points | 1 000 points | 1 000 Punkte |
J-101 | 69104 | (1han 30fu) goumii | 「ゴーミー」 | 500/300 points {lit.} Trash {fig.} |
500 / 300 points {lit.} Déchets {fig.} |
{de} |
J-101 | 69105 | (1han) nomi | 「のみ」 | "___" only | "___" seulement | {de} |
J-101 | 69111 | (2han 30fu) nisen{ten} | 「二千点」 | 2,000 points | 2 000 points | 2 000 Punkte |
J-101 | 69114 | gottou | 「ゴットー」 | 500/1000 points {lit.} | 500 / 1 000 points {lit.} | 500 / 1 000 Punkte {lit.} |
J-101 | 69123 | niiroku | 「ニーロク」 | 2,600 points | 2 600 points | 2 600 Punkte |
J-101 | 69124 | shichitousan | 「シチトーサン」 | {en} | {fr} | {de} |
J-101 | 69133 | sannii | 「サンニー」 | 3,200 points | 3 200 points | 3 200 Punkte |
J-101 | 69142 | sen nisen | 「千 二千」 | {en} | {fr} | {de} |
J-101 | 69143 | zanku {sankyuu} | 「ザンク」 | 3,900 points | 3 900 points | 3 900 Punkte |
J-101 | 69153 | gounii | 「ゴーニー」 | 5,200 points | 5 200 points | 5 200 Punkte |
J-101 | 69154 | ichisan niroku | 「イチサン ニーロク」 | {en} | {fr} | {de} |
J-101 | 69163 | rokuyon | 「ロクヨン」 | 6,400 points | 6 400 points | 6 400 Punkte |
J-101 | 69164 | ichiroku sannii | 「イチロク サンニー」 | {en} | {fr} | {de} |
J-101 | 69171 | ... | 「jpKanji」 | {en} | {fr} | {de} |
J-101 | 69174 | nisen zanku | 「二千 ザンク」 | {en} | {fr} | {de} |
J-101 | 69181 | hassen | 「八千」 | 1,000 points | 1 000 points | 1 000 Punkte |
J-101 | 69182 | nisen yonsen | 「二千 四千」 | {en} | {fr} | {de} |
J-101 | 69203 | ichigo | 「イチゴー」 | 1,500 points {lit.} Strawberry {fig.} |
1 500 points {lit.} Fraise {fig.} |
1 500 Punkte {lit.} [die] Erdbeere {fig.} |
J-101 | 69213 | niikuu | 「ニークー」 | 2,900 points | 2 900 points | 2 900 Punkte |
J-101 | 69243 | goppaa | 「ゴーパー」 | 5,800 points | 5 800 points | 5 800 Punkte |
J-101 | 69263 | kunroku | 「クンロク」 | 9,600 points | 9 600 points | 9 600 Punkte |
J-101 | 69273 | pinpinroku | 「ピンピンロク」 | 11,600 points | 11 600 points | 11 600 Punkte |
J-101 | 69281 | ichiman nisen | 「一万二千」 | 12,000 points | 12 000 points | 12 000 Punkte |
J-101 | 69303 | ichiroku | 「イチロク」 | 16,000 points | 16 000 points | 16 000 Punkte |
J-101 | 69313 | inpachi | 「インパチ」 | 18,000 points | 18 000 points | 18 000 Punkte |
J-101 | 60001 | 。 | 「。」 | {en} | {fr} | {de} |
J-Chinese | 70001 | houra | 「和了」 | {en} | {fr} | {de} |
J-Chinese | 70001 | min | 「明」 | {en} | {fr} | {de} |
J-Chinese | 70001 | an | 「暗」 | {en} | {fr} | {de} |
J-Chinese | 70001 | houra | 「和了」 | {en} | {fr} | {de} |
O-Online Clients | 81111 | tenhou | 「天鳳」 | Tenhou.net (lit.: heavenly phoenix) | Tenhou.net (lit.: phénix céleste) | {de} |
O-Online Clients | 81121 | ronron | 「ロンロン」 | Ron2.jp | Ron2.jp | {de} |
O-Tenhou | 82111 | saaba ni setsuzoku | 「サーバに接続」 | Connecting to server | Connexion au serveur | {de} |
O-Tenhou | 82121 | shin___ ID touroku | 「新*ID登録」 | {de} | ||
O-Tenhou Top | 82211 | rankingu-sen | 「ランキング戦」 | ranked matches | matchs cotés | {de} |
O-Tenhou Top | 82211 | setsuzoku ****-nin | 「接続 ****人」 | **** people connected | **** personnes connectées | {de} |
O-Tenhou Top | 82211 | taiki ****-nin | 「待機 ****人」 | **** people waiting | **** personnes en attente | {de} |
O-Tenhou Top | 82211 | oorasu **-nin | 「オーラス **人」 | ** people in final game | ** personnes en partie finale | {de} |
O-Tenhou Tab1 | 82311 | dan'isen | 「段位戦」 | Graded matches | Matchs cotés en grade | {de} |
O-Tenhou Tab1 | 82311 | jansou beta | 「雀荘β」 | Jansou-style matches | Matchs style jansou | {de} |
O-Tenhou Tab1 | 82311 | ginou beta | 「技能β」 | Skill matches (one game only) | Matchs de talent (partie unique) | {de} |
O-Tenhou Tab1 | 82311 | kansen | 「観戦」 | Watch games | Observer des parties | {de} |
O-Tenhou Tab1 | 82311 | haifu | 「牌譜」 | Game records | historiques de jeu | {de} |
O-Tenhou Tab1 | 82311 | herupu | 「ヘルプ」 | help | aide | {de} |
O-Tenhou Tab2 | 82411 | ippan | 「一般」 | normal | normal | {de} |
O-Tenhou Tab2 | 82411 | joukyuu | 「上級」 | advanced | avancé | {de} |
O-Tenhou Tab2 | 82411 | tokujou | 「特上」 | elite | élite | {de} |
O-Tenhou Tab2 | 82411 | houou | 「鳳凰」 | phoenix | phénix | {de} |
O-Tenhou BTop | 82511 | tonpuusen | 「東風戦」 | {de} | ||
O-Tenhou BTop | 82511 | tonnansen | 「東南戦」 | {de} | ||
O-Tenhou BSide | 82611 | kuitan nashi | 「喰断ナシ」 | {de} | ||
O-Tenhou BSide | 82611 | kuitan ari | 「喰断アリ」 | {de} | ||
O-Tenhou BSide | 82611 | kuiari aka | 「喰アリ赤」 | {de} | ||
O-Tenhou BSide | 82611 | kuiari akasoku | 「喰アリ赤速」 | {de} | ||
O-Tenhou BSide | 82611 | sankui ariaka | 「三喰アリ赤」 | {de} | ||
O-Tenhou BSide | 82611 | sankui akasoku | 「三喰赤速」 | {de} | ||
O-Tenhou BText | 82711 | yoyaku | 「予約」 | reservation | réservation | {de} |
O-Tenhou BText | 82711 | menyuu | 「メニュー」 | menu | menu | {de} |
O-Tenhou BText | 82711 | tesuto purei | 「テストプレイ」 | test play | jeu de test | {de} |
O-Tenhou BText | 82711 | kyanseru | 「キャンセル」 | cancel | annuler | {de} |
O-Tenhou Stats | 82801 | yuukou kigen | 「有効期限」 | {de} | ||
O-Tenhou Stats | 82811 | ichi'i ritsu | 「1位率」 | 1st-place probability | probababilité de 1re place | {de} |
O-Tenhou Stats | 82821 | ni'i ritsu | 「2位率」 | 2nd-place probability | probababilité de 2e place | {de} |
O-Tenhou Stats | 82831 | san'i ritsu | 「3位率」 | 3rd-place probability | probababilité de 3e place | {de} |
O-Tenhou Stats | 82841 | yon'i ritsu | 「4位率」 | 4th-place probability | probababilité de 4e place | {de} |
O-Tenhou Stats | 82851 | tobi ritsu | 「飛び率」 | busting probability | probababilité de banqueroute | {de} |
O-Tenhou Stats | 82911 | taisensuu | 「対戦数」 | matches played | matchs joués | {de} |
O-Tenhou Stats | 82921 | heikin tokuten | 「平均得点」 | average score | score moyen | {de} |
O-Tenhou Stats | 82931 | heikin jun'i | 「平均順位」 | average rank | rang moyen | {de} |
O-Tenhou Stats | 82941 | heikin shuushi | 「平均収支」 | average payment | paiement moyen | {de} |
O-Tenhou Stats | 82951 | heikin shuugi | 「平均祝儀」 | average bonus | bonus moyen | {de} |
O-Tenhou Stats | 82961 | agari ritsu | 「和了率」 | win probability | probabilité de victoire | {de} |
O-Tenhou Stats | 82971 | houjuu ritsu | 「放銃率」 | deal-in probability | probabilité de donner | {de} |
O-Tenhou Stats | 82981 | fuuro ritsu | 「副露率」 | calling probability | probabilité de réquisition | {de} |
O-Tenhou Stats | 82991 | riichi ritsu | 「立直率」 | riichi probablility | probabilité de riichi | {de} |
O-Tenhou Stats | 88111 | haifu | 「牌譜」 | Game record | historique♥ de jeu | {de} |
... | 90001 | . | 「jpKanji」 | {en} | {fr} | {de} |
Table notes
Japanese
- ↑ Japanese terms are written when possible with extended vowels, without hyphens or macrons.
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is not used in prior text.
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is not used in prior text.English
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is not used in prior text.
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is not used in prior text.French
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is not used in prior text.♦ Mot invariable. ♠ Mot masculin. ♥ Mot féminin.
German
- ↑ But Miller points out that the Sun is not as large as some other stars.
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is not used in prior text.♦ (inv.). ♠ (maskulin). ♣ (neutrum.). ♥ (feminin).
Controversial translation by language
French
Generally, there are two main sources for French terminology: the French Federation of Mah-Jong (FFMJ), and Club Riichi de Montréal (CRM), as well as various authors hailing from the spheres of influence of the two organizations. Some terms may not reflect the words in usage in either area and there is no sustained effort to either harmonize or even officialize the terminology used. While Senechal's point of view is heavily biased towards CRM, the goal is to maintain as much similitude as possible. French has a wide gamut of precise terms to describe more things than in English. The caveats to this are when a translation was poorly done on either end, or if a non-riichi version of mahjong introduces a term conflicting with Japanese mahjong.
Pinzu: Cercle versus sapèque
Pinzu have been referred to as "cercles" by the Réunion Federation of Mah-Jong (FRMJ), a sub-group of the FFMJ, as well as in books by Stéphane Parcollet. Everyone can understand that circles are round. The problem lies in the fact that circles are monolinear abstract objects, whereas the concrete objects represented are coins used in China, with holes in them. Whereas the English term for them (cash) has not caught on, the French language has the term sapèque, which is quite precise, unambiguous, and does not raise eyebrows related to anti-gambling prejudice like cash would in English.
As cercles would cause a shorthand conflict with caractères or chiffres (see below), it also poorly serves a disambiguative purpose.
Ruling: Use sapèque, never cercle (imprecise).
Manzu: Caractère versus chiffre, nombre
The word characters is a poor choice in any language, as Asian languages use characters for everything. Mahjong tiles themselves have 15 different tiles (from the base 34 types) that have Chinese characters on them. This leads to a lot of confusion with character, number, digit and word. All tiles from 1 to 9 (108 tiles) are called suupai (number tiles), and all other tiles (28 tiles) represent winds and dragons, called jihai (word tiles). But if words on word tiles are characters, then why call anything characters?
Note: TBD in English.
Ruling: Use chiffre in French, not caractère (imprecise) nor nombre (other use).
Cross-language issues
Pinzu versus tonzu
The cash coins represented on mahjong tiles would be accurately described as tonzu. However, many areas in China, as well as the people who helped disseminate mahjong in Japan, were using the term pinzu, representing barrels as opposed to coins. In the western world, there is no clear term used: circles and dots in English, cercles and sapèques in French, etc. While standardizing to one word per language serves a purpose, forcefully aligning every language to a singular concept may not be beneficial.
Ruling: pinzu in Japanese; sapèque in French; TBD in English.
Souzu versus bamboo
Souzu in Japanese represents what it does in Chinese: string stacks of coins, representing 100 coins per stack. It in no way means bamboo (it's not called chikuzu), but as it has garnered overwhelming traction in all languages even by people uninterested in mahjong, it would be pointless to change a term that has garnered more acceptance than the game itself.
Terminals versus ends
There is a dispute as whether to use terminals or ends for the terms yaochuuhai and routouhai. In English and French, the logic that applies is that a terminal must be at the start, finish, or sole point in a line, whereas an end must be at the start or finish of a non-zero length line. In German, there is an expression, "Alles hat ein Ende, nur die Wurst hat zwei". It is important to consider the three suits (die Farbe) as being the sausage here.
Ruling:
- Yaochuuhai, even if it says "1-9-tiles" in Japanese and Chinese, means all of ones, nines, winds and dragons: it is thus translated as terminals.
- Routouhai refers specifically to ones and nines exclusively: both honroutou and chinroutou require that consistency be kept among the terms (and tsuuiisou requires none), and thus, it should be translated as ends.
Notes
The index key provided is currently a work in progress. The last digit is used for overlapping terminology or ideas.