List of terminology translations: Difference between revisions

From Japanese Mahjong Wiki
Jump to navigation Jump to search
mNo edit summary
Line 579: Line 579:


==Cross-language issues==
==Cross-language issues==
===Pinzu versus Tonzu===
===Pinzu versus tonzu===
The cash coins represented on mahjong tiles would be accurately described as tonzu. However, many areas in China, as well as the people who helped disseminate mahjong in Japan were using the term pinzu, representing barrels as opposed to coins. In the western world, there is no clear term used: circles and dots in English, cercles and sapèques in French, etc. While standardizing to one word per language serves a purpose, forcefully aligning every language to a singular concept may not be beneficial.
The cash coins represented on mahjong tiles would be accurately described as tonzu. However, many areas in China, as well as the people who helped disseminate mahjong in Japan, were using the term pinzu, representing barrels as opposed to coins. In the western world, there is no clear term used: circles and dots in English, cercles and sapèques in French, etc. While standardizing to one word per language serves a purpose, forcefully aligning every language to a singular concept may not be beneficial.


'''Ruling''': ''pinzu'' in Japanese, ''sapèque'' in French, TBD in English.
'''Ruling''': ''pinzu'' in Japanese; ''sapèque'' in French; TBD in English.


===Souzu versus Bamboo===
===Souzu versus bamboo===
Souzu in Japanese represents what it does in Chinese: string stacks of coins, representing 100 coins per stack. It in no way means bamboo (it's not called chikuzu), but as it has garnered overwhelming traction in all languages even by people uninterested in mahjong, it would be pointless to change a term that has garnered more acceptance than the game itself.  
Souzu in Japanese represents what it does in Chinese: string stacks of coins, representing 100 coins per stack. It in no way means bamboo (it's not called chikuzu), but as it has garnered overwhelming traction in all languages even by people uninterested in mahjong, it would be pointless to change a term that has garnered more acceptance than the game itself.  


===Terminals versus Ends===
===Terminals versus ends===
There is a dispute as whether to use terminals or ends for the terms yaochuuhai and routouhai. In English and French, the logic that applies is that a terminal must be at the start, finish, or sole point in a line, whereas an end '''must''' be at the start or finish of a non-zero length line. In German, there is an expression, "Alles hat ein Ende, nur die Wurst hat zwei". It is important to consider the three suits (die Farbe) as being the sausage here.
There is a dispute as whether to use terminals or ends for the terms yaochuuhai and routouhai. In English and French, the logic that applies is that a terminal must be at the start, finish, or sole point in a line, whereas an end '''must''' be at the start or finish of a non-zero length line. In German, there is an expression, "Alles hat ein Ende, nur die Wurst hat zwei". It is important to consider the three suits (die Farbe) as being the sausage here.


'''Ruling''': ''Yaochuuhai'', even if it says "1-9-tiles" in Japanese and Chinese, means all of ones, nines, winds and dragons: it is thus translated as ''terminals''. <br> ''Routouhai'' refers specifically to ones and nines exclusively: both [[honroutou]] and [[chinroutou]] require that consistency be kept among the terms (and [[tsuuiisou]] requires none), and thus, it should be translated as ''ends''.
'''Ruling''':  
* ''Yaochuuhai'', even if it says "1-9-tiles" in Japanese and Chinese, means all of ones, nines, winds and dragons: it is thus translated as ''terminals''.  
* ''Routouhai'' refers specifically to ones and nines exclusively: both [[honroutou]] and [[chinroutou]] require that consistency be kept among the terms (and [[tsuuiisou]] requires none), and thus, it should be translated as ''ends''.


== Notes ==
== Notes ==

Revision as of 21:44, 17 April 2015

Mahjong is a game that has effectively crossed the borders of both countries and languages. Given this, many languages have taken liberties in translating terms however they felt like, borrowing from other variants' translations or from other games, with mixed results.

Below is a list aiming to provide a translation of all important mahjong terminology: as such, it will be presented in a lexical order by theme. This list aims not to catalog multiple variants but to present a structured translation consistent in all languages with a sufficient player base. Also, it will not present definitions. Translations that are only indicative are preceded by ***, as the Japanese word has been fully assimilated as a normally used word among players. French and German shall indicate gender and plural as appropriate.

List of terms

Theme Key Japanese[ja 1] Characters English French German
Yaku 10101 Riichi 「立直」 Riichi[en 1] — (Ready hand) [inv.] riichi♦/♠[fr 1] — (main prête) Riichi[de 1]
Yaku 10102 Ippatsu 「一発」 Ippatsu[en 1] — (One-shot) Ippatsu[fr 1] — (premier tour post-riichi) Ippatsu
Yaku 10103 Menzenchin tsumohou 「門前清自摸和」 Menzen tsumo[en 1] — (All concealed) menzen tsumo[fr 1] — (main cachée) Komplett verdeckte Hand
Yaku 10104 Pinfu 「平和」 Pinfu[en 1] — (Flat hand) pinfu[fr 1] — (main plate) Pinfu
Yaku 10105 Iipeikou 「一盃口」 Double sequence double séquence Reine Doppel-Sequenz
Yaku 10111 Tanyao(chuu) 「断幺九」 Tanyao[en 1] — (Simple hand) tanyao[fr 1] — (main simple) Nur Grundsteine
Yaku 10112 Yakuhai 「役牌」 Value tiles Tuiles de valeur Trumpfsteine
Yaku 10113 Rinshan kaihou 「嶺上開花」 Rinshan[en 1] — (Win off the replacement tile) rinshan[fr 1] — (victoire sur la tuile de remplacement) Ersatzsteingewinn
Yaku 10114 Chankan 「搶槓」 Chankan[en 1] — (Robbing the kan) chankan[fr 1] — (kan volé) Beraubung des Kan
Yaku 10115 Haitei raoyue 「海底撈月」 Last pick dernière pioche Letzter Stein
Yaku 10116 Houtei raoyui 「河底撈魚」 Last discard dernière défausse Letzter abgeworfener Stein
Yaku 10201 Double riichi 「ダブルリーチ」 Double riichi double riichi Doppel-Riichi
Yaku 10202 Chiitoitsu 「七対子」 Seven pairs sept paires Sieben Paare
Yaku 10211 Chanta 「全帯幺九」 Chanta[en 1] — (Mixed terminal hand) chanta[fr 1] — (main de terminales mixte) Randsteine in jedem Set
Yaku 10212 Sanshoku doujun 「三色同順」 Triple sequence triple séquence Gemischte Dreifach-Sequenz
Yaku 10213 Ittsu (Ikkitsuukan) 「一気通貫」  Straight serpentin Straße
Yaku 10221 Toitoi 「対々」 All triplets tous brelans Nur Drillinge
Yaku 10222 Sanankou 「三暗刻」 Three concealed triplets trois brelans cachés Drei verdeckte Drillinge
Yaku 10223 Sanshoku doukou 「三色同刻」 Triple triplets triple brelan Drei gemischte Drillinge
Yaku 10224 Sankantsu 「三槓子」 Three kans trois carrés Drei Vierlinge
Yaku 10225 Shousangen 「小三元」  Little three dragons trois petits dragons Kleine Drei Drachen
Yaku 10226 Honroutou 「混老頭」 Pure terminal hand tous terminales pures Nur Randzahlen und Trümpfe
Yaku 10301 Ryanpeikou 「二盃口」 Double double sequence double double séquence Zwei Reine Doppel-Sequenzen
Yaku 10321 Honitsu 「混一色」 Mixed flush couleur mixte Gemischtes Farbspiel
Yaku 10322 Junchan 「純全帯么」 Mixed ends hand main d'extrémités mixte Randzahlen in jedem Set
Yaku 10651 Chinitsu 「清一色」 Pure flush couleur pure Reines Farbspiel
Yaku 10801 Tenhou 「天和」 Tenhou[en 1] — (Miracle start (dealer)) tenhou[fr 1] — (départ miraculeux (donneur)) Tenhou - Segen des Himmels
Yaku 10802 Chiihou 「地和」 Chiihou[en 1] — (Miracle start (non-dealer)) chiihou[fr 1] — (départ miraculeux (non-donneur)) Chiihou - Segen der Erde
Yaku 10803 Kokushi musou 「国士無双」 Thirteen orphans treize orphelins Dreizehn Waisen
Yaku 10804 Chuuren poutou 「九連宝燈」 Nine lanterns neuf lanternes Neun Laternen
Yaku 10805 Suuankou 「四暗刻」 Four concealed triples quatre brelans cachés Vier verdeckte Drillinge
Yaku 10881 Ryuuiisou 「緑一色」 All green main verte Grüne Hand
Yaku 10883 Tsuuiisou 「字一色」 All word tiles tous vents et dragons Nur Trümpfe
Yaku 10884 Shousuushi 「小四喜」 Four little winds quatre petits vents Kleine Vier Winde
Yaku 10885 Daisuushi 「大四喜」 Four big winds trois grands dragons Große Vier Winde
Yaku 10886 Chinroutou 「清老頭」 All ends toutes extrémités pures Reines Randzahlenspiel
Yaku 10887 Suukantsu 「四槓子」 Four kans quatre carrés Vier Vierlinge
Yaku 10888 Daisangen 「大三元」 Big three dragons trois grands dragons Große Drei Drachen
Yaku 10901 Renhou 「人和」 Renhou[en 1] — (Miracle discard) renhou[fr 1] — (écart miraculeux) Renhou - Segen der Menschheit
Yaku 10991 Nagashi mangan 「流し満貫」 Pool of dreams*** pile fantastique Nur Randsteine abgeworfen
Yaku 10992 Kazoe yakuman 「数え役満」 Counted yakuman yakuman compté Gezähltes Yakuman
A-Basic 20011 hai / pai 「牌」 Tile(s) tuile [der] Stein
A-Basic 20021 yama {fig.} 「山」 Wall mur [die] Mauer
A-Basic 20022 kabe {lit.} 「壁」
A-Basic A 20031 ton 「幢」 Stack(s) tas* {de}
A-Basic A 20041 wanpai 「王牌」 Dead wall réserve [---] Tote Mauer
A-Basic A 20051 saikoro 🎲 「骰子」 Die (Dice) dé(s) {de}
A-Basic A 20061 tenbou 「点棒」 Point stick bâtonnet de points {de}
A-Basic A 20111 haipai 「配牌」 Starting hand main initiale {de}
A-Basic A 20121 riipai 「理牌」 Hand sorting tri de la main {de}
A-Basic 20211 ba 「場」 (wind) round tour (de vent) {de}
A-Basic 20221 kyoku 「局」 game {simp.: hand} partie {simp. : main} {de}
A-Basic 20231 honba 「本場」 Repeat counter compteur de répétition {de}
A-Basic 20241 jun 「巡」 Turn tour (de table) {de}
A-Basic 20251 ban 「番」 Action {their turn to play} action {son tour à jouer} {de}
A-Basic 20311 tsumo (n.) 「自摸」 Draw pioche {de}
A-Basic 20321 hiku (v.) 「引く」 piger {de}
A-Basic 20331 suteru (v.) 「捨てる」 Discard écarter {de}
A-Basic 20332 sutehai (n.) 「捨て牌」 écart {de}
A-Basic 20411 naku (v.) 「鳴く」 Call appeler {de}
A-Basic 20412 fuuro (n.) 「副露」 réquisition {de}
A-Basic 20421 chii 「吃」 Chii[en 1] — (call for sequence) [inv.] chii[fr 1] — (appel pour séquence) {de}
A-Basic 20431 pon 「碰」 Pon[en 1] — (call for triplet) [inv.] pon[fr 1] — (appel pour brelan) {de}
A-Basic 20441 kan 「槓」 Quad carré {de}
A-Basic 20511 tsumo (decl.) 「自摸」 Win by self-draw Victoire sur la pioche {de}
A-Basic 20521 ron (decl.) 「栄」 Win off discard Victoire sur l'écart {de}
A-Basic 20611 ryuukyoku 「流局」 Exhaustive draw main nulle [---] Abbau-Unentschieden
A-Scoring 29011 yaku 「役」 Winning condition condition gagnante [---] Gewinnberechtigung
A-Scoring 29021 dora 「ドラ」 Bonus point point boni [---] Bonusstein
A-Scoring 29031 han 「翻」 Doubles {exponent} doubles {exposant} [---] Siegpunkt(e)
A-Scoring 29041 fu 「府」 Minipoints {base} minipoints {base} {de}
A-Scoring 29051 ten 「点」 Points points {de}
A-Scoring 29101 mangan 「満貫」 Limit hand main limite {de}
A-Scoring 29151 haneman 「跳満」 1.5-limit hand main limite-et-demie {de}
A-Scoring 29201 baiman 「倍満」 Double-limit hand main limite double {de}
A-Scoring 29301 sanbaiman 「三倍満」 Triple-limit hand main limite triple {de}
A-Scoring 29401 yakuman 「役満」 Supreme hand main suprême {de}
B-Structure 30011 shuntsu 「順子」 Sequence {simp.: run} séquence {de}
B-Structure 30021 koutsu 「刻子」 Triplet {simp.: set} brelan {de}
B-Structure 30031 kantsu 「槓子」 Quad carré — kan {de}
B-Structure 30041 toitsu 「対子」 Pair paire {de}
B-Structure 30051 taatsu 「塔子」 Protogroup protogroupe {de}
B-Structure 30061 jantou 「雀頭」 Final pair paire finale [---] Schlusspaar
B-Structure 30062 atama 「頭」
B-Structure 30071 minjun 「明順」 Exposed sequence {run} séquence exposée {de}
B-Structure 30081 anjun 「暗順」 Concealed sequence {run} séquence cachée {de}
B-Structure 30091 minkou 「明刻」 Exposed triplet {set} brelan exposé {de}
B-Structure 30101 ankou 「暗刻」 Concealed triplet {set} brelan caché {de}
B-Structure 30111 minkan 「明槓」 Exposed quad carré exposé {de}
B-Structure 30121 ankan 「暗槓」 Concealed quad carré caché {de}
B-Structure 30131 daiminkan 「大明槓」 Called kan carré appelé {brelan caché appelé en...} {de}
B-Structure 30141 shouminkan 「小明槓」 Filled kan carré rempli {brelan exposé augmenté} {de}
B-Structure 30151 kakan 「加槓」 Late kan Kan tardif {de}
B-Structure 30161 okurikan 「送り槓」 Four identical tiles ensemble de quatre tuiles identiques {de}
B-Structure 30171 ryanmen 「両面」 Side wait {open} attente {ouverte} à deux bords {de}
B-Structure 30181 kanchan 「嵌張」 Gutter wait {closed} attente {fermée} entre deux {de}
B-Structure 30191 penchan 「辺張」 Edge wait attente sur le bord {de}
B-Structure 30201 tanki 「単騎」 Single wait attente unique {de}
B-Structure 30211 nobetan 「延べ単」 Stretched wait attente étirée {de}
B-Structure 30221 shanpon 「双ポン」 Two-pair wait attente sur deux paires {de}
B-Structure 30222 shabo 「シャボ」
B-Structure 30301 ryankan 「両嵌」 Two-gutter shape forme à deux trous {de}
B-Structure 30311 aidayonken 「間四軒」 4-tile interval intervalle de 4 tuiles {de}
C-Tactics 40011 awaseuchi 「合わせ打ち」 matching discard écart identique {de}
C-Tactics 40021 tsumokiri 「ツモ切り」 draw and discard {same tile} écarter sa pioche {de}
C-Tactics 40031 karagiri 「空切り」 discard an equal tile from inside the hand écarter une tuile équivalente à sa pioche {de}
C-Tactics 40041 zentsuppa 「全ツッパ」 Playing 100% offensively jouer 100 % offensivement {de}
C-Tactics 40051 mawashiuchi 「回し打ち」 Playing to win while dodging jouer pour gagner en esquivant {de}
C-Tactics 40061 betaori 「ベタ降り」 Scuttling one's hand for defense saborder son jeu défensivement {de}
C-Tactics 41011 dejitaru 「デジタル」 digital {statistical} play jeu digital {statistique} {de}
C-Tactics 41021 okaruto 「オカルト」 occult {} play jeu occulte {} {de}
Basic D 50001 ii ⚀ 「1」「①」「一」 One un Eins
J-101 60001 ichi 「一」
Basic D 50002 ryan ⚁  「2」「②」「二」 Two deux Zwei
J-101 60002 ni 「二」
Basic D 50003 san ⚂  「3」「③」「三」 Three trois Drei
J-101 60003 san 「三」
Basic D 50004 suu ⚃  「4」「④」「四」 Four quatre Vier
J-101 60004 yon 「四」
Basic D 50005 uu ⚄  「5」「⑤」「伍」 (五) Five cinq Fünf
J-101 60005 go 「伍」 (五)
Basic D 50006 roo ⚅  「6」「⑥」「六」 Six six Sechs
J-101 60006 roku 「六」
Basic D 50007 chii 「7」「⑦」「七」 Seven sept Sieben
J-101 60007 nana 「七」
Basic D 50008 paa 「8」「⑧」「八」 Eight huit Acht
J-101 60008 hachi 「八」
Basic D 50009 kyuu 「9」「⑨」「九」 Nine neuf Neun
J-101 60009 kyuu 「九」
Basic D 50011 ton 「東」 East est [---] Ost
Basic D 50012 nan 「南」 South sud [---] Süd
Basic D 50013 shaa 「西」 West ouest [---] West
Basic D 50014 pei 「北」 North nord [---] Nord
Basic D 50021 haku 「白」 White blanc Weiß
Basic D 50022 hatsu 「發」 Green {fig.} vert {fig.} Grün
Basic D 50023 chun 「中」 Red {fig.} rouge {fig.} Rot
Basic D 50031 pin(zu) 「筒子」 Balls/Coins/Dots sapèques Kreise
Basic D 50032 sou(zu) 「索子」 Bamboos bambous Bambus
Basic D 50033 man(zu) 「萬子」 Numerals chiffres Zahlen
Basic D 50034 shoku 「色」 Suit couleur [die] Farbe
J-101 60010 juu 「十」 Ten dix Zehn
J-101 60011 hyaku 「百」 Hundred cent Hundert
J-101 60012 sen 「千」 Thousand mille Tausend
J-101 60013 man 「萬」 (万) Ten thousand dix mille Zehntausend
J-101 65001 onegai shimasu 「お願いします」 {en} {fr} {de}
J-101 65011 arigatou gozaimasu 「ありがとうございます」 Thank you very much merci beaucoup {de}
J-101 69101 (1han 30fu) senten 「千点」 1,000 points 1 000 points 1 000 Punkte
J-101 69104 (1han 30fu) goumii 「ゴーミー」 500/300 points {lit.}
Trash {fig.}
500 / 300 points {lit.}
Déchets {fig.}
{de}
J-101 69105 (1han) nomi 「のみ」 "___" only "___" seulement {de}
J-101 69111 (2han 30fu) nisen{ten} 「二千点」 2,000 points 2 000 points 2 000 Punkte
J-101 69114 gottou 「ゴットー」 500/1000 points {lit.} 500 / 1 000 points {lit.} 500 / 1 000 Punkte {lit.}
J-101 69123 niiroku 「ニーロク」 2,600 points 2 600 points 2 600 Punkte
J-101 69124 shichitousan 「シチトーサン」 {en} {fr} {de}
J-101 69133 sannii 「サンニー」 3,200 points 3 200 points 3 200 Punkte
J-101 69142 sen nisen 「千 二千」 {en} {fr} {de}
J-101 69143 zanku {sankyuu} 「ザンク」 3,900 points 3 900 points 3 900 Punkte
J-101 69153 gounii 「ゴーニー」 5,200 points 5 200 points 5 200 Punkte
J-101 69154 ichisan niroku 「イチサン ニーロク」 {en} {fr} {de}
J-101 69163 rokuyon 「ロクヨン」 6,400 points 6 400 points 6 400 Punkte
J-101 69164 ichiroku sannii 「イチロク サンニー」 {en} {fr} {de}
J-101 69171 ... 「jpKanji」 {en} {fr} {de}
J-101 69174 nisen zanku 「二千 ザンク」 {en} {fr} {de}
J-101 69181 hassen 「八千」 1,000 points 1 000 points 1 000 Punkte
J-101 69182 nisen yonsen 「二千 四千」 {en} {fr} {de}
J-101 69203 ichigo 「イチゴー」 1,500 points {lit.}
Strawberry {fig.}
1 500 points {lit.}
Fraise {fig.}
1 500 Punkte {lit.}
[die] Erdbeere {fig.}
J-101 69213 niikuu 「ニークー」 2,900 points 2 900 points 2 900 Punkte
J-101 69243 goppaa 「ゴーパー」 5,800 points 5 800 points 5 800 Punkte
J-101 69263 kunroku 「クンロク」 9,600 points 9 600 points 9 600 Punkte
J-101 69273 pinpinroku 「ピンピンロク」 11,600 points 11 600 points 11 600 Punkte
J-101 69281 ichiman nisen 「一万二千」 12,000 points 12 000 points 12 000 Punkte
J-101 69303 ichiroku 「イチロク」 16,000 points 16 000 points 16 000 Punkte
J-101 69313 inpachi 「インパチ」 18,000 points 18 000 points 18 000 Punkte
J-101 60001 。  「。」 {en} {fr} {de}
J-Chinese 70001 houra 「和了」 {en} {fr} {de}
J-Chinese 70001 min 「明」 {en} {fr} {de}
J-Chinese 70001 an 「暗」 {en} {fr} {de}
J-Chinese 70001 houra 「和了」 {en} {fr} {de}
Basic A 20201 agari 「和がり」 to declare a win déclarer une victoire {de}
Basic A 20211 furikomi 「振込」 Deal-in Donner la victoire {de}
Basic A 20221 sashikomi 「差し込み」 Intentional (strategic) deal-in Donner volontairement (stratégiquement) la victoire {de}
... 80001 akapai 「赤牌」 red tile tuile rouge {de}
... 80001 genbutsu 「現物」 100% safe tile tuile 100 % sécuritaire {de}
... 80001 anpai 「安牌」 safe tile tuile sécuritaire {de}
... 80001 rinshanhai 「嶺上牌」 Replacement tile tuile de remplacement {de}
... 80001 haiteihai 「海底牌」 Last live tile Dernière tuile du mur {de}
... 80001 houteihai 「河底牌」 Last discard Dernier écart {de}
... 80001 kikenhai 「危険牌」 Dangerous tile tuile dangereuse {de}
... 80001 furikomi 「振り込み」 {en} {fr} {de}
... 80001 houjuu 「放銃」 {en} {fr} {de}
... 80001 tenpai 「聴牌」 Waiting hand main en attente {de}
... 80001 furiten 「振聴」 Dropped wait attente tombée {de}
... 80001 noten bappu 「ノーテン罰符」 Noten penalty points points de pénalité noten {de}
... 80001 aotenjou 「青天井」 skyrocketing scoring pointage exponentiel {de}
... 80001 ariari 「アリアリ」 {en} {fr} {de}
... 80001 nashinashi 「ナシナシ」 {en} {fr} {de}
... 80001 atamahane 「頭跳ね」 priority win / head bump victoire prioritaire / coup de tête {de}
... 80001 kuitan 「喰い断」 Open tanyao tanyao ouvert {de}
... 80001 atozuke 「先付け」 late yaku hand main avec yaku tardif {de}
... 80001 fuutei 「副底」 default base points points de base par défaut {de}
... 80001 bazoro 「場ゾロ」 default exponent exposant par défaut {de}
... 80001 bakaze 「場風」 round wind vent du tour {de}
... 80001 jikaze 「自風」 {en} {fr} {de}
... 80001 otakaze 「客風」 useless wind vent inutile {de}
... 80001 barai 「払い」 payment paiement {de}
... 80001 chombo 「錯和」 major foul faute grave {de}
... 80001 daburon 「ダブロン」 double ron double ron {de}
... 80001 damaten 「黙聴」 Silent wait attente silencieuse {de}
... 80001 wanpai 「王牌」 Dead wall réserve {de}
... 80001 oya 「親」 dealer donneur {de}
... 80001 kawa 「河」 river / discard pile rivière / défausse {pile d'écarts} {de}
... 80001 kiru 「切る」 cut / discard couper / écarter {de}
... 80001 dora 「ドラ」 Bonus bonus {de}
... 80001 dorahyouji 「ドラ表示」 dora indicator indicateur de dora {de}
... 80001 tonpuusen 「東風戦」 One-wind match (East) Match d'un vent (est) {de}
... 80001 hanchan 「半荘」 Match (standard two-wind match) match (standard de deux vents) {de}
... 80001 iichan 「一荘」 Long four-wind match match long à quatre vents {de}
... 80001 jigokumachi 「地獄待ち」 Hell wait seule attente possible {attente d'enfer} {de}
... 80001 harabote 「腹ボテ」 {en} {fr} {de}
... 80001 ikasama 「イカサマ」 Cheating tricher {de}
... 80001 inchiki 「インチキ」 Device/software manipulation for cheating manipulation avec objets/logiciel pour tricher {de}
... 80001 shimocha 「下家」 player to the right joueur à droite {de}
... 80001 toimen 「対面」 Player across joueur en face {de}
... 80001 kamicha 「上家」 player to the left joueur à la gauche {de}
... 80001 kandora 「カンドラ」 kan dora dora supplémentaire (grâce au kan) {de}
... 80001 kiriage mangan 「切り上げ満貫」 Rounded mangan mangan arrondi {de}
... 80001 kuikae 「喰い替え」 call-and-switch from same fork appeler et écarter de la même fourchette {de}
... 80001 kuisagari 「喰い下がり」 downgraded by calling rabaissé en réquisitionnant {de}
... 80001 machi 「待ち」 wait attente {de}
... 80001 menzen 「門前」 {en} {fr} {de}
... 80001 nukidora 「抜きドラ」 {en} {fr} {de}
... 80001 okkake riichi 「追っかけリーチ」 {en} {fr} {de}
... 80001 oorasu 「オーラス」 {en} {fr} {de}
... 80001 kuitanyaochuu 「喰い断幺九」 {en} {fr} {de}
... 80001 pao 「包」 responsibility responsabilité {de}
... 80001 renchan 「連荘」 {en} {fr} {de}
... 80001 riipai 「理牌」 tile sorting tri des tuiles {de}
... 80001 ryanhan shibari 「二飜縛り」 2-han minimum minimum de 2 han {de}
... 80001 shanten 「向聴」 count (from tempai) compte (de tenpai) {de}
... 80001 shibori 「絞り」 squeeze play jouer la rétention {de}
... 80001 shonpai 「生牌」 live tile tuile vivante {de}
... 80001 suji 「筋」 fork / muscle (lit.) fourchette / muscle (lit.) {de}
... 80001 suupai 「数牌」 number tiles tuiles à numéros {de}
... 80001 chunchan 「中張」 simples simples {de}
... 80001 chunchanhai 「中張牌」 simple tile tuile simple {de}
... 80001 tanyaohai 「断幺牌」 {en} {fr} {de}
... 80001 yaochuuhai 「幺九牌」 {en} {fr} {de}
... 80001 routouhai 「老頭牌」 end tile tuile d'extrémité {de}
... 80001 jihai 「字牌」 {en} {fr} {de}
... 80001 sangenpai 「三元牌」 {en} {fr} {de}
... 80001 kazehai 「風牌」 {en} {fr} {de}
... 80001 uradora 「裏ドラ」 {en} {fr} {de}
... 80001 wareme 「割れ目」 {en} {fr} {de}
... 80001 yakitori 「焼き鳥」 {en} {fr} {de}
... 80001 tenpane 「点パネ」 {12-20 extra fu hand} {fr} {de}
... 80001 fuhane 「符跳ね」 {en} {fr} {de}
... 80001 haifu 「牌譜」 Game record historique de jeu {de}
... 80001 chiicha 「起家」 First dealer premier donneur {de}
... 80001 suufon renda 「四風連打」 Four-wind abortion avortement de quatre vents {de}
... 90001 . 「jpKanji」 {en} {fr} {de}

Table notes

Japanese

  1. Japanese terms are written when possible with extended vowels, without hyphens or macrons.

Cite error: <ref> tag with name "ja02" defined in <references> is not used in prior text.

Cite error: <ref> tag with name "ja03" defined in <references> is not used in prior text.

English

  1. 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 1.11 1.12 Basic game vocabulary, used as is in English.

Cite error: <ref> tag with name "en02" defined in <references> is not used in prior text.

Cite error: <ref> tag with name "en03" defined in <references> is not used in prior text.

French

  1. 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 1.11 1.12 Vocabulaire de base du jeu, utilisé tel quel en français.
Cite error: <ref> tag with name "fr02" defined in <references> is not used in prior text.

Mot invariable. Mot masculin. Mot féminin.

German

  1. But Miller points out that the Sun is not as large as some other stars.
Cite error: <ref> tag with name "de02" defined in <references> is not used in prior text.

(inv.). (maskulin). (neutrum.). (feminin).

Controversial translation by language

French

Generally, there are two main sources for French terminology: the French Federation of Mah-Jong (FFMJ), and Club Riichi de Montréal (CRM), as well as various authors hailing from the spheres of influence of the two organizations. Some terms may not reflect the words in usage in either area and there is no sustained effort to either harmonize or even officialize the terminology used. While Senechal's point of view is heavily biased towards CRM, the goal is to maintain as much similitude as possible. French has a wide gamut of precise terms to describe more things than in English. The caveats to this are when a translation was poorly done on either end, or if a non-riichi version of mahjong introduces a term conflicting with Japanese mahjong.

Pinzu: Cercle versus sapèque

Pinzu have been referred to as "cercles" by the Réunion Federation of Mah-Jong (FRMJ), a sub-group of the FFMJ, as well as in books by Stéphane Parcollet. Everyone can understand that circles are round. The problem lies in the fact that circles are monolinear abstract objects, whereas the concrete objects represented are coins used in China, with holes in them. Whereas the English term for them (cash) has not caught on, the French language has the term sapèque, which is quite precise, unambiguous, and does not raise eyebrows related to anti-gambling prejudice like cash would in English.

As cercles would cause a shorthand conflict with caractères or chiffres (see below), it also poorly serves a disambiguative purpose.

Ruling: Use sapèque, never cercle (imprecise).

Manzu: Caractère versus chiffre, nombre

The word characters is a poor choice in any language, as Asian languages use characters for everything. Mahjong tiles themselves have 15 different tiles (from the base 34 types) that have Chinese characters on them. This leads to a lot of confusion with character, number, digit and word. All tiles from 1 to 9 (108 tiles) are called suupai (number tiles), and all other tiles (28 tiles) represent winds and dragons, called jihai (word tiles). But if words on word tiles are characters, then why call anything characters?

Note: TBD in English.

Ruling: Use chiffre in French, not caractère (imprecise) nor nombre (other use).

Cross-language issues

Pinzu versus tonzu

The cash coins represented on mahjong tiles would be accurately described as tonzu. However, many areas in China, as well as the people who helped disseminate mahjong in Japan, were using the term pinzu, representing barrels as opposed to coins. In the western world, there is no clear term used: circles and dots in English, cercles and sapèques in French, etc. While standardizing to one word per language serves a purpose, forcefully aligning every language to a singular concept may not be beneficial.

Ruling: pinzu in Japanese; sapèque in French; TBD in English.

Souzu versus bamboo

Souzu in Japanese represents what it does in Chinese: string stacks of coins, representing 100 coins per stack. It in no way means bamboo (it's not called chikuzu), but as it has garnered overwhelming traction in all languages even by people uninterested in mahjong, it would be pointless to change a term that has garnered more acceptance than the game itself.

Terminals versus ends

There is a dispute as whether to use terminals or ends for the terms yaochuuhai and routouhai. In English and French, the logic that applies is that a terminal must be at the start, finish, or sole point in a line, whereas an end must be at the start or finish of a non-zero length line. In German, there is an expression, "Alles hat ein Ende, nur die Wurst hat zwei". It is important to consider the three suits (die Farbe) as being the sausage here.

Ruling:

  • Yaochuuhai, even if it says "1-9-tiles" in Japanese and Chinese, means all of ones, nines, winds and dragons: it is thus translated as terminals.
  • Routouhai refers specifically to ones and nines exclusively: both honroutou and chinroutou require that consistency be kept among the terms (and tsuuiisou requires none), and thus, it should be translated as ends.

Notes

The index key provided is currently a work in progress. The last digit is used for overlapping terminology or ideas.

External links