Situational analysis

When performing situational analysis, a player accounts for the game round and each players' current score to determine their decisions.

In Japanese mahjong, your final placement (1st/2nd/etc.) is often important. Due to the oka and uma systems, you can gain huge bonuses or penalties when changing place. In competitive environments, your placement can be important for gaining rating points. Therefore, players should act differently as the overall point conditions change. For example, when given the exact same hand, a player with a huge lead might not want to riichi, but a player far behind may be desperate to riichi. Therefore, it is not only important to look at your own hand, but both your and your opponents' current points as well.

Hand values

Main articles: Scoring table and Gyakuten

Players should know the potential hand values in order to accurately access a point difference. Knowing the score table is important when determining when to riichi and when to open the hand. For instance, if it is the last round, there is no need to riichi if you are 2000 points behind 1st place with a 2 han hand.

Relative goals

Especially in the last hand, players may need to address the different goals of the other players. Players in last generally have a win-at-all-cost mentality. Players in either second or third may seek to improvement their placement. Point leaders may simply want the game to end and/or protect their position. The point differences between players indicate any sort of possibility for these scenarios.

Fourth Place Avoidance

In the online clients tenhou.net and Majsoul, there is a huge penalty for 4th place for players that are of a high rank.

• Tenhou.net: If a 6-dan player plays, they get 75/30/0/-120 points for placing 1st through 4th, respectively.
• Majsoul: If a Saint 1 player plays in Jade Room, they get 125/60/-5/-255 rank points for placing 1st through 4th, respectively (counting uma).

Say you are playing at Majsoul. If you currently 3rd and considering an action has a 50% chance to be 2nd, but a 50% chance to be 4th, don't do it. If it succeeds, you'd only get 65 points, but if it fails you lose a significant -255 points. Even with a 50% chance for 1st, and a 25% chance for 4th, it is still a net negative.

It is important to restate that this extreme level of 4th place avoidance only applies when you are at a high rank. At lower levels, it is best to improve on average placement (including fundamentals like tile efficiency and defense) rather than focus on avoiding 4th specifically. At these high ranks, do what you can to avoid being last - try not to take risks late in the game, even if there is no immediate threat of being 4th.

These online clients have big penalties to encourage players in 4th to not leave the game. In many places where you can play mahjong physically, the point distribution is more even (they tend to favor 1st place, due to the oka system). Of course, no matter where you play: if you are currently in 4th place, you should obviously do what you can to escape.

Also, note that in Majsoul, once you reach Celestial, there is no more special 4th place penalty. At Celestial, the point rating becomes 0.5/0.2/-0.2/-0.5, so there is no special need to avoid fourth.