Riichi
Riichi 「立直」 or 「リーチ」 is the most common yaku in the game, occurring in ≥40% of winning wands across various platforms and professional settings. Any closed hand that is in tenpai can choose to declare riichi, gaining this yaku.
| Type | Yaku |
|---|---|
| Kanji | 立直 or リーチ |
| English | Ready hand |
| Value | 1 han (closed only) |
| Speed | Varies |
| Difficulty | At discretion |
Declaring riichi is not mandatory. Players may decline to declare riichi, keeping the hand's tenpai status hidden - this is a tactic known as damaten. Various game scenarios should be considered before calling riichi, such as current point standing and available tiles.
Rules
Riichi may be declared when:
- The hand is closed - no chii, pon, or open kan has been made.
- The hand is tenpai - it is one tile away from winning.
- If the game ends when a player has a negative score, the player must have at least 1,000 points.
- There must be at least 4 tiles left in the live wall. In other words, the player must be able to draw at least one more tile in an uninterrupted set of turns.
To declare riichi, a player announces riichi and discards a tile facing sideways in the discard pile. This is done to indicate when riichi was called. If that tile is claimed by another player for an open meld, then the next discard is turned sideways as a replacement.
Unless the first sideways discard is claimed for a win immediately, the riichi announcer now places a bet of 1,000 points on the table. This bet is collected by the next player to win a hand. Specific rules will differ on what happens if multiple players win, or what happens if the game ends before any player claims the bet.
After a riichi declaration, the hand remains locked and unchangeable. In this state, the player is simply waiting for a winning tile to appear, either by draw or discard. However, there is a notable exception: a riichi player may declare kan in certain circumstances.
In addition to the 1 han from riichi itself, you can score further han through ippatsu and ura dora.
Kan
Kan during riichi is a discretionary play. Players must take note of the hand composition to determine whether the kan is allowable or not. If the call alters the hand's waiting pattern or alters the hand's composition, kan is not allowed. Improper calls are subject to chombo if detected.
Furiten
During riichi, a player may be furiten. In this case, the riichi is considered to be a furiten riichi.
In addition, riichi hands are subject to a special type of furiten. After calling riichi, a player may decline to call on a winning tile. However, if a win is declined, then the riichi hand is subject to furiten for the remainder of the round. Thus, all tiles discarded after the riichi declaration (as indicated by the sideways tile) are considered to be guaranteed safe tiles. While it is advised to declare a win on the first opportunity, some plays may require a player not to do so under very specific circumstances. Of course, such play requires caution.
Suucha riichi
Suucha riichi (4 player riichi) is an abortive draw that occurs when four players have declared riichi. After the fourth riichi declarer discards a tile, if that tile is not called for a win, the hand ends.
Noten riichi
In real life play, a player may declare riichi without tenpai - this would be a noten riichi 「ノテン立直」, which is highly ill-advised. If the hand results in ryuukyoku, then it is required to reveal the hand. The hand would naturally show noten, which is illegal, and thus subject to a chombo penalty. Likewise, an incorrectly called win would also be subject to chombo. This dubious situation can be escaped if another player wins, another player commits a chombo, or if an abortive draw occurs. Of course, most computer based play will prevent players from declaring a riichi without tenpai.
Scoring
Two yaku are specifically associated with riichi: ippatsu and double riichi. In addition, ura dora may be scored for any winning riichi hand.
Ippatsu
Ippatsu 「一発」 is a separate yaku, but it is dependent on riichi. If, after declaring riichi, the hand wins before the declarer's next discard, then the hand scores ippatsu. Any tile calls, including a player's own closed kan, will invalidate ippatsu.
Uradora
When a riichi declarer wins, the tiles underneath the dora and kan dora indicators are flipped over. These flipped ura dora indicators reveal the ura dora, which, like regular dora, may increase the hands value.
Double riichi
Double riichi 「ダブルリーチ」 is a special case for riichi. If riichi is declared on the first turn, before the player's discard, then double riichi applies. In addition, no tile calls may have been made before riichi is called. As the name implies, double riichi is worth 2 han instead of 1 han, as a bonus for the initial timing. Due to the added han, and because tenpai is reached on turn 1, a double riichi hand has a huge advantage over others.
Open riichi
Open riichi 「オープン立直」 is an optional yaku which is a modified version of riichi. The mechanics are identical to a normal riichi, except that you must reveal either your entire hand or its tile waits. This makes it trivial for others to defend against the riichi. In exchange, an open riichi is worth 1 extra han. In general, the intent involves winning by self-draw.
As a further optional rule, yakuman may be awarded if any player intentionally plays into the open riichi. This is more or less a harsh penalty for playing into a revealed hand. Many official organizations and tournaments do not implement open riichi; it is more or less reserved for casual or gambling game settings.
Compatibility
^ Ippatsu requires riichi to be of any use.
| RCH | DRI | IPP | SMO | TAN | PFU | IPK | ITT | YAK | SDJ | SDO | TOI | SNA | SNK | CHA | JUN | RPK | SSG | HRO | HON | CHN | CHI | RIN | HAI | HOU | CHK | |
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Given the rules, riichi is compatible with all other yaku. Likewise, riichi and double riichi cannot be combined as they are essentially the same yaku. It just happens that double riichi is a specific instance of riichi. Per rule and definition, it is impossible to attain ippatsu without riichi.
Once again, the prospect for rinshan kaihou to work with riichi is dependent on the legality of the kan call during riichi. With computer interfaces, this rule may be enforced by disabling a player's ability to call the kan during this situation. However, with actual tiles, a player must be aware of this legality. Otherwise, chombo may be enforced instead.
Double riichi
Double riichi has the same compatibility as riichi, except for chankan. This is because, for a regular hand, chankan may only be formed from an added kan, which itself requires a call for pon to happen first.
- If the pon call happens before the riichi call, then double riichi is negated.
- If the pon call happens after the riichi call, then the double riichi player must have declined their winning tile, invoking furiten. Chankan can only be won from ron, so furiten prevents chankan entirely.
An exception is the yakuman kokushi musou. Depending on rule variation, kokushi may be won off a closed kan, which does not require a previous pon call. Therefore, in order to win with double riichi + chankan, it must also have kokushi. Since this would be a yakuman hand, the yaku of "chankan" is never actually scored.
Strategy
Calling riichi is an optional play. Therefore, players often have to make various considerations when it comes to using riichi. Often, this will depend on the discarded tiles, how early or late in the hand, the hand value, and/or the player's hand composition. If possible, a player may opt not to use riichi at all and instead employ the strategy of damaten.
Oikake riichi
For any given hand, more than one player may call riichi. Subsequent riichi calls after the first is called oikake riichi 「追いかけリーチ」, or "chasing riichi". Oikake has one distinct advantage of an ippatsu ron chance against any previous riichi hands before taking a draw. After all, defense is no longer a factor to those hands, as they are committed to discarding non-winning tiles. The hands are essentially engaged in a "riichi duel" provided that they have different waiting tiles. Under many rulesets, the hand aborts in the event for all players to have declared riichi via suucha riichi.
Karaten riichi
Riichi may actually be called if all waiting tiles are rendered unavailable. A hand in this state is rendered as karaten. In this state, the hand is not winnable as the number of available winning tiles is zero. Such calls may be made by mistake, or intentionally invoked to cause players to defend.
External links
- Riichi in Japanese Wikipedia
- Osamuko article on riichi.