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| '''Yaku''' (役) are specific hand patterns or conditions needed in order to score a hand. In a sense, they are synonymous to "poker hands". Yet, unlike poker hands, yaku are worth specific "[[scoring|han values]]"; and various yaku may be combined together into one hand. basic mahjong knowledge involves learning the yaku, but it is not expected of new players to know them. | | '''Yaku''' {{kana|役}} are specific hand patterns or conditions needed in order to score a hand. In a sense, they are synonymous to "poker hands". Yet, unlike poker hands, yaku are worth specific "[[scoring|han values]]"; and various yaku may be combined together into one hand. basic mahjong knowledge involves learning the yaku, but it is not expected of new players to know them. |
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| ==Han== | | ==Han== |
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| Each yaku is assigned han values. Most have static values, regardless of the hand being closed or open. However, some decrease in han value while being open. Furthermore, some also require hands to remain closed in order to count. For hands to maximize the total han value, different yaku may be combined into a single hand. | | Each yaku is assigned han values. Most have static values, regardless of the hand being closed or open. However, some decrease in han value while being open. Furthermore, some also require hands to remain closed in order to count. For hands to maximize the total han value, different yaku may be combined into a single hand. |
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| ==Yaku types==
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| {{main|List of yaku}}
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| This is a quick, short list of the standard yaku. A number of [[optional yaku]] exist as well. <!--Re-order based on a pattern similar to English Wikipedia-->
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| === Conditional ===
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| {{term list
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| | Romaji = [[Menzenchin tsumohou|Menzen tsumo]]
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| | Kanji = 門前清自摸和
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| | English =
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| | Explanation = This yaku may apply to any closed hand. Any player who draws a winning tile with a closed hand is awarded this yaku.
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| }}
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| {{term list
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| | Romaji = [[Riichi]]
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| | Kanji = 立直
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| | English =
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| | Explanation = This is a special yaku applied to closed tenpai hands, which requires the player to make a declaration and "wager".
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| }}
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| {{term list
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| | Romaji = [[Riichi#Double_riichi|Double riichi]]
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| | Kanji = ダブルリーチ
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| | English =
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| | Explanation = Riichi is declared with a dealt hand before the first discard.
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| }}
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| {{term list
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| | Romaji = [[Riichi#Ippatsu|Ippatsu]]
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| | Kanji = 一発
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| | English =
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| | Explanation = This is applied when the player calling riichi wins within 4 tile draws/discards. In addition, the cycle must not be interrupted by tile calls.
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| }}
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| {{term list
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| | Romaji =[[Haitei raoyue]]
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| | Kanji = 海底撈月
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| | English =
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| | Explanation = The hand is completed with the last tile on the wall.
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| }}
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| {{term list
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| | Romaji = [[Houtei raoyui]]
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| | Kanji = 河底撈魚
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| | English =
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| | Explanation = The hand is completed with the very last discarded tile.
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| }}
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| {{term list
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| | Romaji = [[Rinshan kaihou]]
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| | Kanji = 嶺上開花
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| | English =
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| | Explanation = This yaku is awarded upon winning with a tile from the dead wall.
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| }}
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| {{term list
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| | Romaji = [[Chankan]]
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| | Kanji = 搶槓
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| | English =
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| | Explanation = The winning tile for a hand is called on another player's Kan. Essentially, the tile needed to complete a Kan is stolen to complete a winning hand.
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| }}
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| === Sequential based ===
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| {{term list
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| | Romaji =[[Pinfu]]
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| | Kanji = 平和
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| | English =
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| | Explanation = Typically known as "all sequences", this is a hand that does not gain fu based on composition, other than that of a closed ron.
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| }}
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| {{term list
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| | Romaji =[[Iipeikou]]
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| | Kanji = 一盃口
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| | English =
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| | Explanation = This hand includes two identical sequences.
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| }}
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| {{term list
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| | Romaji = [[Ittsu]]
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| | Kanji = 一通貫
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| | English =
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| | Explanation = This hand has a complete sequence of 1 through 9 of a single suit. As a note, the sequence of 1-9 are actually three groups of sequences numbered 123, 456, and 789.
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| }}
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| {{term list
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| | Romaji = [[Sanshoku doujun|Sanshoku]]
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| | Kanji = 三色同順
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| | English =
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| | Explanation = Three sequences have the same number across the three different suits.
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| }}
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| {{term list
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| | Romaji = [[Ryanpeikou]]
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| | Kanji = 二盃口
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| | English =
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| | Explanation =This hand has two sets of "[[Iipeikou|iipeikou]]". This hand does not combine with chii toitsu, even though the hand can be interpreted as one.
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| }}
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| === Terminal based ===
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| {{term list
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| | Romaji = [[Tanyao]]
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| | Kanji = 断幺九
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| | English =
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| | Explanation = A hand composed of only inside (numbers 2-8) tiles
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| }}
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| {{term list
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| | Romaji = [[Chantaiyao|Chanta]]
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| | Kanji = 全帯幺九
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| | English =
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| | Explanation = All melds contain at least 1 terminals or honor.
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| }}
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| {{term list
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| | Romaji = [[Junchan taiyao|Junchan]]
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| | Kanji = 純全帯么
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| | English =
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| | Explanation =All sets contain at least one terminal.
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| }}
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| {{term list
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| | Romaji = [[Honroutou]]
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| | Kanji = 混老頭
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| | English =
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| | Explanation = The hand is composed of nothing but all terminals and honors.<br>† This hand may be considered as 4 han, because it is impossible to score this hand without either chii toitsu or toi toi.
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| }}
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| === Triplet based ===
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| {{term list
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| | Romaji = [[Toitoi]]
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| | Kanji = 対々
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| | English =
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| | Explanation = The entire hand is composed of triplets.
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| }}
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| {{term list
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| | Romaji = [[Sanankou]]
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| | Kanji = 三暗刻
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| | English =
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| | Explanation = The hand includes three sets of triplets that have been formed without calling any tiles. The fourth set can be an open triplet or sequence.
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| }}
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| {{term list
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| | Romaji = [[Sanshoku doukou]]
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| | Kanji = 三色同刻
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| | English =
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| | Explanation = The hand includes three groups of triplets with the same number.
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| }}
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| {{term list
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| | Romaji = [[Sankantsu]]
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| | Kanji = 三槓子
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| | English =
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| | Explanation = Three kans are called for this hand.
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| }}
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| {{term list | Romaji = [[Chiitoitsu]]
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| | Kanji = 七対子
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| | English =
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| | Explanation = This hand is composed of seven pairs. It is one of two exceptions to the standard 4 melds and a pair pattern.
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| }}
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| === Honor based ===
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| {{term list
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| | Romaji = [[Yakuhai]]
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| | Kanji = 役牌
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| | English =
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| | Explanation = A hand with at least one group of dragon tiles, seat wind, or round wind tiles. This hand can be valued at 1 han for each group.
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| }}
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| {{term list
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| | Romaji = [[Shousangen]]
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| | Kanji = 小三元
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| | English =
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| | Explanation = The hand contains two sets of 3 dragon tiles and a pair of the third dragon tiles.<br>† This hand may be considered as 4 han, because it is impossible to score this hand without two sets of yakuhai, from the two sets of dragons.
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| }}
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| === Suit based ===
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| {{term list
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| | Romaji = [[Chinitsu]]
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| | Kanji = 清一色
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| | English =
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| | Explanation = This hand is composed entirely of tiles from only one of the three suits. It is the only yaku set at 6 han, where the number drops to 5 han when opened.
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| }}
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| {{term list
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| | Romaji = [[Honitsu]]
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| | Kanji = 混一色
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| | English =
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| | Explanation =This is a single suit hand mixed with some honor tiles.
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| }}
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| === Special case ===
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| {{term list
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| | Romaji = [[Nagashi mangan]]
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| | Kanji = 流し満貫
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| | English =
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| | tilepattern =
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| | Explanation = All the discards are terminals and/or honors. In addition, none of these discards were called by other players.
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| }}
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| ===Yakuman===
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| {{main|Yakuman}}
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| This is a specific set of "yaku", known as '''yakuman'''.
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| {{term list
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| | Romaji = [[Kazoe yakuman]]
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| | Kanji = 数え役満
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| | English =
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| | Explanation = This is a special class of yakuman, where a hand is composed of 13+ han based on the combination of above regular yaku and/or [[Dora|dora]].
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| }}
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| {{term list
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| | Romaji = [[Kokushi musou]]
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| | Kanji = 国士無双 or 国士無双１３面待ち
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| | English =
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| | Explanation = This hand has one of each of the 13 different terminal and honor tiles plus one extra terminal or honour tile. Some rules may allow double yakuman for a 13-wait set.
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| }}
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| {{term list
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| | Romaji = [[Suuankou]]
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| | Kanji = 四暗刻 or 四暗刻単騎
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| | English =
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| | Explanation = This hand is composed of four sets of closed triplets. When this hand has a shanpon pattern and the win is via ron, then it would not be counted as suu ankou.
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| }}
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| {{term list
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| | Romaji = [[Daisangen]]
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| | Kanji = 大三元
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| | English =
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| | Explanation = This has possesses three groups of all the dragons.
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| }}
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| {{term list
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| | Romaji = [[Kaze yakuman|Shousuushi]]
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| | Kanji = 小四喜
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| | English =
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| | Explanation = This hand has three groups of the wind tiles plus a pair of the fourth kind.
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| }}
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| {{term list
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| | Romaji = [[Kaze yakuman|Daisuushi]]
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| | Kanji = 大四喜
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| | English =
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| | Explanation = This hand has four groups of all four wind tiles.
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| }}
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| {{term list
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| | Romaji = [[Tsuuiisou]]
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| | Kanji = 字一色
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| | English =
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| | Explanation = Every group of tiles are composed of honor tiles.
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| }}
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| {{term list
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| | Romaji = [[Chinroutou]]
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| | Kanji = 清老頭
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| | English =
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| | Explanation = Every group of tiles are composed of terminal tiles.
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| }}
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| {{term list
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| | Romaji = [[Ryuuiisou]]
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| | Kanji = 緑一色
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| | English =
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| | Explanation = A hand composed entirely of green tiles: 2, 3, 4, 6 and 8 Sou and/or Hatsu.
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| }}
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| {{term list
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| | Romaji = [[Chuuren poutou]]
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| | Kanji = 九連宝燈 or 純正九蓮宝燈
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| | English =
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| | Explanation = A hand consisting of the tiles 1112345678999 in the same suit plus any one extra tile of the same suit.
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| }}
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| {{term list
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| | Romaji = [[Suukantsu]]
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| | Kanji = 四槓子
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| | English =
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| | Explanation = This hand with four Kan's.
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| }}
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| {{term list | Romaji = [[Tenhou (yakuman)|Tenhou]]
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| | Kanji = 天和
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| | English =
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| | Explanation = The dealer hand is a winning hand even before discarding a tile.
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| }}
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| {{term list
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| | Romaji = [[Chiihou]]
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| | Kanji = 地和
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| | English =
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| | Explanation = The non-dealer hand is a winning hand after the first draw.
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| ==External links== | | ==External links== |
