List of terminology by usage category: Difference between revisions
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Given the multitude of Japanese terminology in the game, many terms are used in association with each other. For example, a separate set of terms are dedicated to the [[yaku]], as names for each pattern. | Given the multitude of Japanese [[terminology]] in the game, many terms are used in association with each other. For example, a separate set of terms are dedicated to the [[yaku]], as names for each pattern. | ||
==Game rounds== | ==Game rounds== | ||
{| | {{Term list | ||
| Romaji = [[Enchousen]] | |||
| Kanji = 延長戦 | |||
| English = Overtime | |||
| Explanation = Extra game round, in the event where no player scores more than the target points at the end of a [[hanchan|normal game]]. | |||
}} | |||
{{term list | |||
|Romaji=[[Kyoku|Hanchan]] | |||
|Kanji=半荘 | |||
|English=Full East-South game | |||
|Explanation=A game consisting of an East and South round. | |||
}} | |||
{{term list | {{term list | ||
|Romaji= | |Romaji=[[Scoring|Honba]] | ||
|Kanji= | |Kanji=本場 | ||
|English= | |English= | ||
|Explanation= | |Explanation=A counter to indicate the number of hands in-between winning hands, usually indicated by 100-point sticks. | ||
}} | |||
{{term list | |||
|Romaji=[[Kyoku]] | |||
|Kanji=局 | |||
|English=Round, Hand session | |||
|Explanation=A portion of the game, starting from the dealing of tiles and ends with the declaration of a win, [[Tochuu ryuukyoku|aborted hand]], or [[ryuukyoku|draw]]. Examples: East Round 1. South Round 2. | |||
}} | |||
{{term list | |||
|Romaji=[[Kyoku|Oorasu]] | |||
|Kanji=オーラス | |||
|English=All last, Last hand | |||
|Explanation=The final regular hand of a game. | |||
}} | }} | ||
{{term list | {{term list | ||
|Romaji= | |Romaji=[[Renchan]] | ||
|Kanji= | |Kanji=連荘 | ||
|English= | |English= | ||
|Explanation= | |Explanation=A continuation of dealer position because the dealer either won or was tenpai at the end of the round. | ||
}} | |||
{{term list | |||
|Romaji=[[Ryuukyoku]] | |||
|Kanji=流局 | |||
|English=Drawn hand | |||
|Explanation=The end of the hand, where every tile not in players' hands and the [[dead wall]] has been drawn and discarded; and no winning hand was determined. | |||
}} | |||
{{term list | |||
|Romaji=[[Tonpuusen]] | |||
|Kanji=東風戦 | |||
|English=East only round | |||
|Explanation=A game consisting of an East only round. | |||
}} | }} | ||
==Rule specific== | ==Rule specific== | ||
{{term list | {{term list | ||
|Romaji= | |Romaji=Ari | ||
|Kanji= | |Kanji=あり,アリ,有り | ||
|English=In effect, on | |||
|Explanation=States that the preceding rule is used, as in akadora ari for playing with red fives. Opposite of nashi. | |||
}} | |||
{{term list | |||
|Romaji=Ari ari | |||
|Kanji=アリアリ | |||
|English= | |||
|Explanation=Ruleset which allows [[kuitan]] and [[atozuke]]. Most common basic set of rules in Japan. | |||
}} | |||
{{term list | |||
|Romaji=[[Atozuke]] | |||
|Kanji=後付け | |||
|English=After-attach | |||
|Explanation=Allows a hand to win despite having no guaranteed yaku while in tenpai, as long as the winning tile generates a yaku. Opposite of ''sakizuke''. | |||
}} | |||
{{term list | |||
|Romaji=[[Chombo]] | |||
|Kanji=冲合,錯和 | |||
|English= | |||
|Explanation=A penalty that results in a [[Scoring|mangan]] payment and restarts the current round. | |||
}} | |||
{{term list | |||
|Romaji=[[Furiten]] | |||
|Kanji=振聴 | |||
|English=Sacred discard | |||
|Explanation=A rule that disables a player's ability to win by discard, due to the presence of a winning tile in the discard and/or the declining of a win during riichi. | |||
}} | |||
{{term list | |||
|Romaji=[[Kuikae]] | |||
|Kanji=喰い替え | |||
|English= | |English= | ||
|Explanation= | |Explanation=A rule that allows you to call a tile, then discard another tile that could have completed the meld. For example, to chi 123 and discard a 4. | ||
}} | |||
{{term list | |||
|Romaji=[[Kuitan]] | |||
|Kanji=喰い断 | |||
|English=Open tanyao | |||
|Explanation=A rule that allows [[tanyao]] to be open. | |||
}} | |||
{{term list | |||
|Romaji=Nashi | |||
|Kanji=なし,ナシ,無し | |||
|English=Invalid, off | |||
|Explanation=States that the preceding rule is not in effect. | |||
:::For example, as in [[kuikae]] nashi for disallowing players to call a tile and immediately discard another tile which would have also completed the called meld. | |||
}} | }} | ||
==Scoring== | ==Scoring== | ||
{{term list | {{term list | ||
|Romaji= | |Romaji=[[Akadora]] | ||
|Kanji=赤ドラ | |||
|English=Red dora tiles | |||
|Explanation=Tiles marked red to indicate as dora, regardless of the dora indicator. Typically used for the 5's of the three suits. | |||
}} | |||
{{term list | |||
|Romaji=[[Aotenjou]] | |||
|Kanji=青天井 | |||
|English=No capping | |||
|Explanation=A rarely used rule, which eliminates the score cappings ''mangan'', ''haneman'', etc., and scores all hands as directly with the [[Scoring|scoring formula]]. | |||
}} | |||
{{term list | |||
|Romaji=Baiman | |||
|Kanji=倍満 | |||
|English= | |||
|Explanation=A hand of value 8, 9, or 10 han. | |||
}} | |||
{{term list | |||
|Romaji=[[Dora]] | |||
|Kanji=ドラ | |||
|English=Bonus tiles | |||
|Explanation=A specific tile type, that is assigned 1 han per tile as indicated by the dora indicator(s). | |||
}} | |||
{{term list | |||
|Romaji=[[Fu]] | |||
|Kanji=符 | |||
|English=Minipoints | |||
|Explanation=A set of points associated to tile composition: melds, wait patterns, and winning conditions. | |||
}} | |||
{{Term list | |||
| Romaji = [[Goumii]] | |||
| Kanji = ゴーミー | |||
| English = | |||
| Explanation = The cheapest tsumo value, of 500 points from the dealer and 300 points from the non-dealers. | |||
}} | |||
{{Term list | |||
| Romaji = [[Gyakuten]] | |||
| Kanji = 逆転 | |||
| English = Passing | |||
| Explanation = Refers to a situation, where a player passes up another player in points, at the end of the game. | |||
}} | |||
{{term list | |||
|Romaji=[[Han]] | |||
|Kanji=飜 | |||
|English= | |||
|Explanation=A value counter associated with values assigned to yaku and dora (if in possession). | |||
}} | |||
{{term list | |||
|Romaji=Haneman | |||
|Kanji=跳満 | |||
|English= | |||
|Explanation=A hand of value 6 or 7 han. | |||
}} | |||
{{term list | |||
|Romaji=[[Honba]] | |||
|Kanji=本場 | |||
|English= | |||
|Explanation=A counter indicating the number of consecutive hands played without a winning hand by any player. | |||
}} | |||
{{term list | |||
|Romaji=[[Mangan]] | |||
|Kanji=満貫 | |||
|English= | |||
|Explanation=A point cap applied to the regular scoring scale. A hand value of 3 han 70 fu, 4 han 40 fu, or 5 han. | |||
}} | |||
{{term list | |||
|Romaji=Nomi | |||
|Kanji=ノミ | |||
|English= | |||
|Explanation=A term to indicate a hand won with just one particular yaku, without combination with another or any dora. | |||
}} | |||
{{term list | |||
|Romaji=Oyabai | |||
|Kanji= | |||
|English= | |||
|Explanation=Short for dealer baiman. | |||
}} | |||
{{term list | |||
|Romaji=Oyapanne | |||
|Kanji= | |Kanji= | ||
|English= | |English= | ||
|Explanation= | |Explanation=Short for dealer haneman. | ||
}} | |||
{{term list | |||
|Romaji=Sanbaiman | |||
|Kanji=三倍満 | |||
|English= | |||
|Explanation=A hand value of 11 or 12 han. | |||
}} | |||
{{term list | |||
|Romaji=[[Mahjong equipment|Tenbou]] | |||
|Kanji=点棒 | |||
|English=Point sticks | |||
|Explanation=Point sticks used for manual scoring. | |||
}} | |||
{{Term list | |||
| Romaji = [[Tobi]] | |||
| Kanji = トビ | |||
| English = Bankrupt, Negative | |||
| Explanation = The condition by which players points fall below zero (go into negative). | |||
}} | |||
{{term list | |||
|Romaji=[[Dora#Ura_dora|Uradora]] | |||
|Kanji=裏ドラ | |||
|English=Underneath dora | |||
|Explanation=Additional dora located underneath previously revealed dora indicators, which can be earned by winning with [[riichi]]. | |||
}} | |||
{{term list | |||
|Romaji=[[Yaku]] | |||
|Kanji=役 | |||
|English=Pattern | |||
|Explanation=Specific patterns that validates hands as winnable. | |||
}} | |||
{{term list | |||
|Romaji=[[Yakuman]] | |||
|Kanji=役満 | |||
|English=Limit | |||
|Explanation=The limit point value for a hand. A set of patterns whose value is set at this limit. | |||
}} | }} | ||
==Seating== | ==Seating== | ||
{{term list | {{term list | ||
|Romaji= | |Romaji=Kamicha | ||
|Kanji= | |Kanji=上家 | ||
|English= | |English=Left player | ||
|Explanation= | |Explanation=Player seated to the left, relative to a player of reference. | ||
}} | |||
{{term list | |||
|Romaji=Oya | |||
|Kanji=親 | |||
|English=Dealer | |||
|Explanation=Dealer seat, who is designated as East. | |||
}} | |||
{{term list | |||
|Romaji=Shimocha | |||
|Kanji=下家 | |||
|English=Right player | |||
|Explanation=Player seated to the right, relative to a player of reference. | |||
}} | |||
{{term list | |||
|Romaji=Toimen | |||
|Kanji=対面 | |||
|English=Player across | |||
|Explanation=Player seated across, relative to a player of reference. | |||
}} | }} | ||
==Strategic and tactical terms== | ==Strategic and tactical terms== | ||
{{term list | {{term list | ||
|Romaji= | |Romaji=[[Damaten]] | ||
|Kanji= | |Kanji=黙聴 | ||
|English=Hidden tenpai | |||
|Explanation=A tactic of holding [[tenpai]] without calling [[riichi]]. | |||
}} | |||
{{term list | |||
|Romaji=[[Betaori#Genbutsu|Genbutsu]] | |||
|Kanji=現物 | |||
|English=Safe tile | |||
|Explanation=A 100% safe tile. | |||
}} | |||
{{term list | |||
|Romaji=[[Kabe]] | |||
|Kanji=壁 | |||
|English= | |English= | ||
|Explanation= | |Explanation=A tile-counting technique that measures the possibility of someone making [[shuntsu]] based on how many instances of a tile are visible. | ||
}} | |||
{{term list | |||
|Romaji=[[Suji]] | |||
|Kanji=筋 | |||
|English=Tile interval | |||
|Explanation=The tiles that complete [[ryanmen]] (open waits). Means “muscle”. | |||
}} | }} | ||
==Tiles== | ==Tiles== | ||
{{Main|Mahjong equipment}} | {{Main|Mahjong equipment}} | ||
===Manzu=== | ===Manzu=== | ||
{ | {{manzu}} | ||
===Souzu=== | ===Souzu=== | ||
{ | {{souzu}} | ||
===Pinzu=== | ===Pinzu=== | ||
{ | {{pinzu}} | ||
===Jihai=== | ===Jihai=== | ||
====Kazehai==== | ====Kazehai==== | ||
Line 158: | Line 299: | ||
| Haku || Hatsu || Chun | | Haku || Hatsu || Chun | ||
|} | |} | ||
===Tile categories=== | |||
{{term list | |||
|Romaji=[[Jihai]] | |||
|Kanji=字牌 | |||
|English=Honor tiles | |||
|Explanation=The honor tiles ([[sangenpai]] and [[kazehai]]). | |||
}} | |||
{{term list | |||
|Romaji=[[Chinroutou|Routouhai]] | |||
|Kanji=老頭牌 | |||
|English=Terminals | |||
|Explanation=The tiles numbered 1 and 9. | |||
}} | |||
{{term list | |||
|Romaji=[[Tanyao|Tanyaohai]] | |||
|Kanji=断幺牌 | |||
|English=Simples | |||
|Explanation=The tiles numbered 2 through 8. Also “chunchan”. | |||
}} | |||
{{term list | |||
|Romaji=[[Kokushi|Yaochuuhai]] | |||
|Kanji=幺九牌 | |||
|English= | |||
|Explanation=All tiles numbered 1 and 9 (routouhai) plus characters (jihai). | |||
}} | |||
==Tile calls== | ==Tile calls== | ||
{{term list | {{term list | ||
|Romaji= | |Romaji=Agari | ||
|Kanji= | |Kanji=和がり | ||
|English=Win | |||
|Explanation=Generic call for winning a hand. | |||
}} | |||
{{term list | |||
|Romaji=[[Naki|Chii]] | |||
|Kanji=チー、吃 | |||
|English= | |||
|Explanation=A call making a claim to upgrade a pair of different tiles, to a [[minjun]] (open sequence). | |||
}} | |||
{{term list | |||
|Romaji=[[Naki]] | |||
|Kanji=鳴き | |||
|English= | |||
|Explanation=Calling a discarded tile. | |||
}} | |||
{{term list | |||
|Romaji=[[Kan]] | |||
|Kanji=カン、槓 | |||
|English= | |||
|Explanation=A call declaring possesion of four identical tiles. | |||
}} | |||
{{term list | |||
|Romaji=[[Naki|Pon]] | |||
|Kanji=ポン、碰 | |||
|English= | |||
|Explanation=A call making a claim to upgrade a pair of identical tiles to an open set of three identical tiles (minkou). | |||
}} | |||
{{term list | |||
|Romaji=Ron | |||
|Kanji=ロン | |||
|English= | |||
|Explanation=A call to indicate a winning hand by discard | |||
}} | |||
{{term list | |||
|Romaji=Tsumo | |||
|Kanji=ツモ、自摸 | |||
|English= | |English= | ||
|Explanation= | |Explanation=A call to indicate a winning hand by self-draw | ||
}} | |||
==Tile groups== | |||
{{term list | |||
|Romaji=[[Mentsu]] | |||
|Kanji=面子 | |||
|English=Tile groups | |||
|Explanation=The groups: [[koutsu]], [[shuntsu]], and [[Kan|kantsu]]. | |||
}} | |||
===Types=== | |||
{{term list | |||
|Romaji=[[Mentsu|Ankan]] | |||
|Kanji=暗槓 | |||
|English=Concealed kan | |||
|Explanation=Four self-drawn identical tiles set aside as a [[Kan|kantsu]]. Declaring an ankan does not open the hand if it was previously closed. | |||
}} | |||
{{term list | |||
|Romaji=[[Mentsu|Anjun]] | |||
|Kanji=暗順 | |||
|English=Concealed sequence | |||
|Explanation=Three self-drawn consecutive tiles of the same suit, used as one of the four melds in a regular hand. An open sequence would be a minjun, the general term for a sequence is shuntsu. | |||
}} | |||
{{term list | |||
|Romaji=[[Mentsu|Ankan]] | |||
|Kanji=暗槓 | |||
|English=Concealed kan | |||
|Explanation=Four self-drawn identical tiles set aside as a [[Kan|kantsu]]. Declaring an ankan does not open the hand if it was previously closed. | |||
}} | |||
{{term list | |||
|Romaji=[[Mentsu|Ankou]] | |||
|Kanji=暗刻 | |||
|English=Concealed triplet | |||
|Explanation=Three self-drawn identical tiles, used as one of the four melds in a regular hand. Compare with the yaku names [[san ankou]] and [[suu ankou]]. An open triplet would be a minkou, and the general term for any triplet is koutsu. | |||
}} | |||
{{term list | |||
|Romaji=[[Kan#Shouminkan|Chakan]] | |||
|Kanji=加槓 | |||
|English=Added kan | |||
|Explanation=A [[Kan|kantsu]] that was upgraded from a [[Mentsu|minkou]]. | |||
}} | |||
{{term list | |||
|Romaji=[[Kan|Daiminkan]] | |||
|Kanji=大明槓 | |||
|English=Open kan | |||
|Explanation=A kan formed with possession of three tile types, and calling on the discarded fourth tile. | |||
}} | |||
{{term list | |||
|Romaji=[[Mentsu|Kantsu]] | |||
|Kanji=槓子 | |||
|English=Quad | |||
|Explanation=A meld of four identical tiles, which must be [[kan|declared as kan]] to be counted as such. | |||
}} | |||
{{term list | |||
|Romaji=Minjun | |||
|Kanji=明順 | |||
|English=Open sequence | |||
|Explanation=An open shuntsu, or a sequence of three consecutive tiles, formed by calling chii on the previously missing tile. A concealed shuntsu would be an anjun. | |||
}} | |||
{{term list | |||
|Romaji=[[Mentsu|Minkou]] | |||
|Kanji=明刻 | |||
|English=Open triplet | |||
|Explanation=An open [[koutsu]] made by calling a discarded tile. | |||
}} | |||
{{term list | |||
|Romaji=[[Shuntsu]] | |||
|Kanji=順子 | |||
|English=Sequence | |||
|Explanation=This is the generic term for, three consecutive tiles of the same suit, whether open or closed. Chii is used to call a tile to complete a shuntsu and set it aside as a minjun (open). A concealed (closed) shuntsu is an anjun. | |||
}} | }} | ||
==Wait patterns== | ==Wait patterns== | ||
{| | {{main|Machi}} | ||
{{term list | |||
|Romaji=[[Machi]] | |||
|Kanji=待ち | |||
|English=Wait pattern | |||
|Explanation=The tiles waiting for with a [[tenpai]] hand. | |||
}} | |||
{{term list | |||
|Romaji=[[Ryuukyoku|Noten]] | |||
|Kanji=ノーテン | |||
|English= | |||
|Explanation=When your hand is not in tenpai at the end of the round. | |||
}} | |||
{{term list | |||
|Romaji=[[Tenpai]] | |||
|Kanji=聴牌 | |||
|English=Ready | |||
|Explanation=A hand that needs only one tile to win. | |||
}} | |||
===Named patterns=== | |||
{{term list | |||
|Romaji=[[Entotsu]] | |||
|Kanji=エントツ | |||
|English= | |||
|Explanation=A 3-sided wait pattern with overlapping [[Ryanmen]] and [[Shanpon]]. | |||
}} | |||
{{term list | |||
|Romaji=[[Kanchan]] | |||
|Kanji=嵌張 | |||
|English=Closed wait | |||
|Explanation=A wait pattern needing the middle number of a [[Shuntsu|sequential meld]]. | |||
}} | |||
{{term list | |||
|Romaji=[[Nobetan]] | |||
|Kanji=延べ単 | |||
|English=Double pair wait | |||
|Explanation=A wait pattern needing to complete one of two possible pairs. | |||
}} | |||
{{term list | |||
|Romaji=[[Penchan]] | |||
|Kanji=辺張 | |||
|English=End wait | |||
|Explanation=A wait pattern to complete a [[Routouhai|terminal]] based sequential meld. | |||
}} | |||
{{term list | |||
|Romaji=[[Ryanmen]] | |||
|Kanji=両面 | |||
|English=Open wait | |||
|Explanation=A wait pattern using two consecutive numbered tiles, where the meld is completed by a tile one less than the lower numbered tile or one greater than the higher numbered tile. | |||
}} | |||
{{term list | |||
|Romaji=[[Ryanmenten]] | |||
|Kanji=両面 | |||
|English= | |||
|Explanation=A open wait pattern extend to include the third octave. | |||
}} | |||
{{term list | {{term list | ||
|Romaji= | |Romaji=[[Sanmentan]] | ||
|Kanji= | |Kanji= | ||
|English=Triple pair wait | |||
|Explanation=A wait pattern utilizing three pair waits, needing to pair any one of them. | |||
}} | |||
{{term list | |||
|Romaji=[[Shanpon]] | |||
|Kanji=シャンポン、双碰 | |||
|English= | |English= | ||
|Explanation= | |Explanation=A two wait pattern involving two groups of [[toitsu|paired tiles]], where one of either completes the hand. | ||
}} | |||
{{term list | |||
|Romaji=[[Harabote]] | |||
|Kanji=腹ボテ | |||
|English= | |||
|Explanation=A single wait, where the potential tiles available is reduced by one by having a single tile in the center of a run (e.g.: 3445). | |||
}} | |||
{{term list | |||
|Romaji=[[Tanki]] | |||
|Kanji=単騎 | |||
|English=Pair wait | |||
|Explanation=A wait based off of a single tile, needing another. | |||
}} | }} | ||
==Yaku== | ==Yaku== | ||
{{Main|List of yaku}} | {{Main|List of yaku}} | ||
{{term list | |||
|Romaji=[[Yaku]] | |||
|Kanji=役 | |||
|English=Hand pattern | |||
|Explanation=A required scoring pattern or condition in the hand that awards [[han]]. | |||
}} | |||
===Yaku=== | |||
{{term list | |||
| Romaji = [[Chankan]] | |||
| Kanji = 搶槓 | |||
| English = | |||
| Explanation = The winning tile for a hand is called on another player's [[kan|added kan]]. Essentially, the tile needed to complete a kan is stolen to complete a winning hand. | |||
}} | |||
{{term list | |||
| Romaji = [[Chantaiyao|Chanta]] | |||
| Kanji = 全帯幺九 | |||
| English = | |||
| Explanation = All melds contain at least 1 terminals or honor. | |||
}} | |||
{{term list | Romaji = [[Chiitoitsu]] | |||
| Kanji = 七対子 | |||
| English = | |||
| Explanation = This hand is composed of seven pairs. It is one of two exceptions to the standard 4 melds and a pair pattern. | |||
}} | |||
{{term list | |||
| Romaji = [[Chinitsu]] | |||
| Kanji = 清一色 | |||
| English = | |||
| Explanation = This hand is composed entirely of tiles from only one of the three suits. It is the only yaku set at 6 han, where the number drops to 5 han when opened. | |||
}} | |||
{{term list | |||
| Romaji = [[Daburu riichi]] | |||
| Kanji = ダブルリーチ | |||
| English = Double Reach | |||
| Explanation = Riichi is declared with a dealt hand before the first discard. | |||
}} | |||
{{term list | |||
| Romaji =[[Haitei raoyue]] | |||
| Kanji = 海底撈月 | |||
| English = | |||
| Explanation = The hand is completed with the last tile on the wall. | |||
}} | |||
{{term list | |||
| Romaji = [[Honitsu]] | |||
| Kanji = 混一色 | |||
| English = | |||
| Explanation =This is a single suit hand mixed with some honor tiles. | |||
}} | |||
{{term list | |||
| Romaji = [[Honroutou]] | |||
| Kanji = 混老頭 | |||
| English = | |||
| Explanation = The hand is composed of nothing but all terminals and honors.<br>† This hand may be considered as 4 han, because it is impossible to score this hand without either chii toitsu or toi toi. | |||
}} | |||
{{term list | |||
| Romaji = [[Houtei raoyui]] | |||
| Kanji = 河底撈魚 | |||
| English = | |||
| Explanation = The hand is completed with the very last discarded tile. | |||
}} | |||
{{term list | |||
| Romaji =[[Iipeikou]] | |||
| Kanji = 一盃口 | |||
| English = | |||
| Explanation = This hand includes two identical sequences. | |||
}} | |||
{{term list | |||
| Romaji = [[Ittsu]] | |||
| Kanji = 一通貫 | |||
| English = | |||
| Explanation = This hand has a complete sequence of 1 through 9 of a single suit. As a note, the sequence of 1-9 are actually three groups of sequences numbered 123, 456, and 789. | |||
}} | |||
{{term list | |||
| Romaji = [[Junchan taiyao|Junchan]] | |||
| Kanji = 純全帯么 | |||
| English = | |||
| Explanation =All sets contain at least one terminal. | |||
}} | |||
{{term list | |||
| Romaji = [[Menzenchin tsumohou|Menzen tsumo]] | |||
| Kanji = 門前清自摸和 | |||
| English = | |||
| Explanation = This yaku may apply to any closed hand. Any player who draws a winning tile with a closed hand is awarded this yaku. | |||
}} | |||
{{term list | |||
| Romaji = [[Nagashi mangan]] | |||
| Kanji = 流し満貫 | |||
| English = | |||
| tilepattern = | |||
| Explanation = All the discards are terminals and/or honors. In addition, none of these discards were called by other players. | |||
}} | |||
{{term list | |||
| Romaji =[[Pinfu]] | |||
| Kanji = 平和 | |||
| English = | |||
| Explanation = Typically known as "all sequences", this is a hand that does not gain fu based on composition, other than that of a closed ron. | |||
}} | |||
{{term list | |||
| Romaji = [[Riichi]] | |||
| Kanji = 立直 | |||
| English = Reach | |||
| Explanation = This is a special yaku applied to closed tenpai hands, which requires the player to make a declaration and "wager". | |||
}} | |||
{{term list | |||
| Romaji = [[Riichi#Ippatsu|Ippatsu]] | |||
| Kanji = 一発 | |||
| English = | |||
| Explanation = This is applied when the player calling riichi wins within 4 tile draws/discards. In addition, the cycle must not be interrupted by tile calls. | |||
}} | |||
{{term list | |||
| Romaji = [[Rinshan kaihou]] | |||
| Kanji = 嶺上開花 | |||
| English = | |||
| Explanation = This yaku is awarded upon winning with a tile from the dead wall. | |||
}} | |||
{{term list | |||
| Romaji = [[Ryanpeikou]] | |||
| Kanji = 二盃口 | |||
| English = | |||
| Explanation =This hand has two sets of "[[Iipeikou|iipeikou]]". This hand does not combine with chii toitsu, even though the hand can be interpreted as one. | |||
}} | |||
{{term list | |||
| Romaji = [[Sanankou]] | |||
| Kanji = 三暗刻 | |||
| English = | |||
| Explanation = The hand includes three sets of triplets that have been formed without calling any tiles. The fourth set can be an open triplet or sequence. | |||
}} | |||
{{term list | |||
| Romaji = [[Sankantsu]] | |||
| Kanji = 三槓子 | |||
| English = | |||
| Explanation = Three kans are called for this hand. | |||
}} | |||
{{term list | |||
| Romaji = [[Sanshoku doujun|Sanshoku]] ''or'' [[Sanshoku doujun]] | |||
| Kanji = 三色同順 | |||
| English = | |||
| Explanation = Three sequences have the same number across the three different suits. | |||
}} | |||
{{term list | |||
| Romaji = [[Sanshoku doukou]] | |||
| Kanji = 三色同刻 | |||
| English = | |||
| Explanation = The hand includes three groups of triplets with the same number. | |||
}} | |||
{{term list | |||
| Romaji = [[Shousangen]] | |||
| Kanji = 小三元 | |||
| English = | |||
| Explanation = The hand contains two sets of 3 dragon tiles and a pair of the third dragon tiles.<br>† This hand may be considered as 4 han, because it is impossible to score this hand without two sets of yakuhai, from the two sets of dragons. | |||
}} | |||
{{term list | |||
| Romaji = [[Tanyao]] | |||
| Kanji = 断幺九 | |||
| English = | |||
| Explanation = A hand composed of only inside (numbers 2-8) tiles | |||
}} | |||
{{term list | |||
| Romaji = [[Toitoi]] | |||
| Kanji = 対々 | |||
| English = | |||
| Explanation = The entire hand is composed of triplets. | |||
}} | |||
{{term list | |||
| Romaji = [[Yakuhai]] | |||
| Kanji = 役牌 | |||
| English = | |||
| Explanation = A hand with at least one group of dragon tiles, seat wind, or round wind tiles. This hand can be valued at 1 han for each group. | |||
}} | |||
===Yakuman=== | |||
{{main|Yakuman}} | |||
This is a specific set of "yaku", known as '''yakuman'''. | |||
{{term list | |||
| Romaji = [[Chiihou]] | |||
| Kanji = 地和 | |||
| English = | |||
| Explanation = The non-dealer hand is a winning hand after the first draw. | |||
}} | |||
{{term list | |||
| Romaji = [[Chinroutou]] | |||
| Kanji = 清老頭 | |||
| English = | |||
| Explanation = Every group of tiles are composed of terminal tiles. | |||
}} | |||
{{term list | |||
| Romaji = [[Chuuren poutou]] | |||
| Kanji = 九連宝燈<br>純正九蓮宝燈 | |||
| English = | |||
| Explanation = A hand consisting of the tiles 1112345678999 in the same suit plus any one extra tile of the same suit. | |||
}} | |||
{{term list | |||
| Romaji = [[Daisangen]] | |||
| Kanji = 大三元 | |||
| English = | |||
| Explanation = This has possesses three groups of all the dragons. | |||
}} | |||
{{term list | |||
| Romaji = [[Kaze yakuman|Daisuushii]] | |||
| Kanji = 大四喜 | |||
| English = | |||
| Explanation = This hand has four groups of all four wind tiles. | |||
}} | |||
{{term list | |||
| Romaji = [[Kazoe yakuman]] | |||
| Kanji = 数え役満 | |||
| English = | |||
| Explanation = This is a special class of yakuman, where a hand is composed of 13+ han based on the combination of above regular yaku and/or [[Dora|dora]]. | |||
}} | |||
{{term list | |||
| Romaji = [[Kokushi musou]] | |||
| Kanji = 国士無双<br>国士無双13面待ち | |||
| English = | |||
| Explanation = This hand has one of each of the 13 different terminal and honor tiles plus one extra terminal or honour tile. Some rules may allow double yakuman for a 13-wait set. | |||
}} | |||
{{term list | |||
| Romaji = [[Ryuuiisou]] | |||
| Kanji = 緑一色 | |||
| English = | |||
| Explanation = A hand composed entirely of green tiles: 2, 3, 4, 6 and 8 Sou and/or Hatsu. | |||
}} | |||
{{term list | |||
| Romaji = [[Kaze yakuman|Shousuushii]] | |||
| Kanji = 小四喜 | |||
| English = | |||
| Explanation = This hand has three groups of the wind tiles plus a pair of the fourth kind. | |||
}} | |||
{{term list | |||
| Romaji = [[Suuankou]] | |||
| Kanji = 四暗刻<br>四暗刻単騎 | |||
| English = | |||
| Explanation = This hand is composed of four sets of closed triplets. When this hand has a shanpon pattern and the win is via ron, then it would not be counted as suu ankou. | |||
}} | |||
{{term list | |||
| Romaji = [[Suukantsu]] | |||
| Kanji = 四槓子 | |||
| English = | |||
| Explanation = This hand with four Kan's. | |||
}} | |||
{{term list | Romaji = [[Tenhou and chiihou|Tenhou]] | |||
| Kanji = 天和 | |||
| English = | |||
| Explanation = The dealer hand is a winning hand even before discarding a tile. | |||
}} | |||
{{term list | |||
| Romaji = [[Tsuuiisou]] | |||
| Kanji = 字一色 | |||
| English = | |||
| Explanation = Every group of tiles are composed of honor tiles. | |||
}} | |||
==External links== | ==External links== | ||
[http://www.osamuko.com/big-list-of-japanese-mahjong-terminology/ Terminology list at Osamuko] | * [http://www.osamuko.com/big-list-of-japanese-mahjong-terminology/ Terminology list at Osamuko] | ||
* [http://www.reachmahjong.com/home/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=99#A Terminology list at ReachMahjong] | |||
[[Category:Terminology]] | [[Category:Terminology]] |
Revision as of 02:00, 16 August 2021
Given the multitude of Japanese terminology in the game, many terms are used in association with each other. For example, a separate set of terms are dedicated to the yaku, as names for each pattern.
Game rounds
Enchousen
「延長戦」 |
Extra game round, in the event where no player scores more than the target points at the end of a normal game. |
Hanchan
「半荘」 |
A game consisting of an East and South round. |
Honba
「本場」 |
A counter to indicate the number of hands in-between winning hands, usually indicated by 100-point sticks. |
Kyoku
「局」 |
A portion of the game, starting from the dealing of tiles and ends with the declaration of a win, aborted hand, or draw. Examples: East Round 1. South Round 2. |
Oorasu
「オーラス」 |
The final regular hand of a game. |
Renchan
「連荘」 |
A continuation of dealer position because the dealer either won or was tenpai at the end of the round. |
Ryuukyoku
「流局」 |
The end of the hand, where every tile not in players' hands and the dead wall has been drawn and discarded; and no winning hand was determined. |
Tonpuusen
「東風戦」 |
A game consisting of an East only round. |
Rule specific
Ari
「あり,アリ,有り」 |
States that the preceding rule is used, as in akadora ari for playing with red fives. Opposite of nashi. |
Ari ari
「アリアリ」 |
Ruleset which allows kuitan and atozuke. Most common basic set of rules in Japan. |
Atozuke
「後付け」 |
Allows a hand to win despite having no guaranteed yaku while in tenpai, as long as the winning tile generates a yaku. Opposite of sakizuke. |
Chombo
「冲合,錯和」 |
A penalty that results in a mangan payment and restarts the current round. |
Furiten
「振聴」 |
A rule that disables a player's ability to win by discard, due to the presence of a winning tile in the discard and/or the declining of a win during riichi. |
Kuikae
「喰い替え」 |
A rule that allows you to call a tile, then discard another tile that could have completed the meld. For example, to chi 123 and discard a 4. |
Kuitan
「喰い断」 |
A rule that allows tanyao to be open. |
Nashi
「なし,ナシ,無し」 |
States that the preceding rule is not in effect.
|
Scoring
Akadora
「赤ドラ」 |
Tiles marked red to indicate as dora, regardless of the dora indicator. Typically used for the 5's of the three suits. |
Aotenjou
「青天井」 |
A rarely used rule, which eliminates the score cappings mangan, haneman, etc., and scores all hands as directly with the scoring formula. |
Baiman
「倍満」 |
A hand of value 8, 9, or 10 han. |
Dora
「ドラ」 |
A specific tile type, that is assigned 1 han per tile as indicated by the dora indicator(s). |
Fu
「符」 |
A set of points associated to tile composition: melds, wait patterns, and winning conditions. |
Goumii
「ゴーミー」 |
The cheapest tsumo value, of 500 points from the dealer and 300 points from the non-dealers. |
Gyakuten
「逆転」 |
Refers to a situation, where a player passes up another player in points, at the end of the game. |
Han
「飜」 |
A value counter associated with values assigned to yaku and dora (if in possession). |
Haneman
「跳満」 |
A hand of value 6 or 7 han. |
Honba
「本場」 |
A counter indicating the number of consecutive hands played without a winning hand by any player. |
Mangan
「満貫」 |
A point cap applied to the regular scoring scale. A hand value of 3 han 70 fu, 4 han 40 fu, or 5 han. |
Nomi
「ノミ」 |
A term to indicate a hand won with just one particular yaku, without combination with another or any dora. |
Oyabai
「」 |
Short for dealer baiman. |
Oyapanne
「」 |
Short for dealer haneman. |
Sanbaiman
「三倍満」 |
A hand value of 11 or 12 han. |
Tenbou
「点棒」 |
Point sticks used for manual scoring. |
Tobi
「トビ」 |
The condition by which players points fall below zero (go into negative). |
Uradora
「裏ドラ」 |
Additional dora located underneath previously revealed dora indicators, which can be earned by winning with riichi. |
Yaku
「役」 |
Specific patterns that validates hands as winnable. |
Yakuman
「役満」 |
The limit point value for a hand. A set of patterns whose value is set at this limit. |
Seating
Kamicha
「上家」 |
Player seated to the left, relative to a player of reference. |
Oya
「親」 |
Dealer seat, who is designated as East. |
Shimocha
「下家」 |
Player seated to the right, relative to a player of reference. |
Toimen
「対面」 |
Player seated across, relative to a player of reference. |
Strategic and tactical terms
Damaten
「黙聴」 |
A tactic of holding tenpai without calling riichi. |
Genbutsu
「現物」 |
A 100% safe tile. |
Kabe
「壁」 |
A tile-counting technique that measures the possibility of someone making shuntsu based on how many instances of a tile are visible. |
Suji
「筋」 |
The tiles that complete ryanmen (open waits). Means “muscle”. |
Tiles
Manzu
Ii wan | Ryan wan | San wan | Suu wan | Uu wan | Rou wan | Chii wan | Paa wan | Kyuu wan |
Souzu
Ii sou | Ryan sou | San sou | Suu sou | Uu sou | Rou sou | Chii sou | Paa sou | Kyuu sou |
Pinzu
Ii pin | Ryan pin | San pin | Suu pin | Uu pin | Rou pin | Chii pin | Paa pin | Kyuu pin |
Jihai
Kazehai
Ton | Nan | Shaa | Pei |
Sangenpai
Haku | Hatsu | Chun |
Tile categories
Jihai
「字牌」 |
The honor tiles (sangenpai and kazehai). |
Routouhai
「老頭牌」 |
The tiles numbered 1 and 9. |
Tanyaohai
「断幺牌」 |
The tiles numbered 2 through 8. Also “chunchan”. |
Yaochuuhai
「幺九牌」 |
All tiles numbered 1 and 9 (routouhai) plus characters (jihai). |
Tile calls
Agari
「和がり」 |
Generic call for winning a hand. |
Chii
「チー、吃」 |
A call making a claim to upgrade a pair of different tiles, to a minjun (open sequence). |
Naki
「鳴き」 |
Calling a discarded tile. |
Kan
「カン、槓」 |
A call declaring possesion of four identical tiles. |
Pon
「ポン、碰」 |
A call making a claim to upgrade a pair of identical tiles to an open set of three identical tiles (minkou). |
Ron
「ロン」 |
A call to indicate a winning hand by discard |
Tsumo
「ツモ、自摸」 |
A call to indicate a winning hand by self-draw |
Tile groups
Mentsu
「面子」 |
The groups: koutsu, shuntsu, and kantsu. |
Types
Ankan
「暗槓」 |
Four self-drawn identical tiles set aside as a kantsu. Declaring an ankan does not open the hand if it was previously closed. |
Anjun
「暗順」 |
Three self-drawn consecutive tiles of the same suit, used as one of the four melds in a regular hand. An open sequence would be a minjun, the general term for a sequence is shuntsu. |
Ankan
「暗槓」 |
Four self-drawn identical tiles set aside as a kantsu. Declaring an ankan does not open the hand if it was previously closed. |
Ankou
「暗刻」 |
Three self-drawn identical tiles, used as one of the four melds in a regular hand. Compare with the yaku names san ankou and suu ankou. An open triplet would be a minkou, and the general term for any triplet is koutsu. |
Chakan
「加槓」 |
A kantsu that was upgraded from a minkou. |
Daiminkan
「大明槓」 |
A kan formed with possession of three tile types, and calling on the discarded fourth tile. |
Kantsu
「槓子」 |
A meld of four identical tiles, which must be declared as kan to be counted as such. |
Minjun
「明順」 |
An open shuntsu, or a sequence of three consecutive tiles, formed by calling chii on the previously missing tile. A concealed shuntsu would be an anjun. |
Minkou
「明刻」 |
An open koutsu made by calling a discarded tile. |
Shuntsu
「順子」 |
This is the generic term for, three consecutive tiles of the same suit, whether open or closed. Chii is used to call a tile to complete a shuntsu and set it aside as a minjun (open). A concealed (closed) shuntsu is an anjun. |
Wait patterns
Machi
「待ち」 |
The tiles waiting for with a tenpai hand. |
Noten
「ノーテン」 |
When your hand is not in tenpai at the end of the round. |
Tenpai
「聴牌」 |
A hand that needs only one tile to win. |
Named patterns
Entotsu
「エントツ」 |
A 3-sided wait pattern with overlapping Ryanmen and Shanpon. |
Kanchan
「嵌張」 |
A wait pattern needing the middle number of a sequential meld. |
Nobetan
「延べ単」 |
A wait pattern needing to complete one of two possible pairs. |
Penchan
「辺張」 |
A wait pattern to complete a terminal based sequential meld. |
Ryanmen
「両面」 |
A wait pattern using two consecutive numbered tiles, where the meld is completed by a tile one less than the lower numbered tile or one greater than the higher numbered tile. |
Ryanmenten
「両面」 |
A open wait pattern extend to include the third octave. |
Sanmentan
「」 |
A wait pattern utilizing three pair waits, needing to pair any one of them. |
Shanpon
「シャンポン、双碰」 |
A two wait pattern involving two groups of paired tiles, where one of either completes the hand. |
Harabote
「腹ボテ」 |
A single wait, where the potential tiles available is reduced by one by having a single tile in the center of a run (e.g.: 3445). |
Tanki
「単騎」 |
A wait based off of a single tile, needing another. |
Yaku
Yaku
「役」 |
A required scoring pattern or condition in the hand that awards han. |
Yaku
Chankan
「搶槓」 |
The winning tile for a hand is called on another player's added kan. Essentially, the tile needed to complete a kan is stolen to complete a winning hand. |
Chanta
「全帯幺九」 |
All melds contain at least 1 terminals or honor. |
Chiitoitsu
「七対子」 |
This hand is composed of seven pairs. It is one of two exceptions to the standard 4 melds and a pair pattern. |
Chinitsu
「清一色」 |
This hand is composed entirely of tiles from only one of the three suits. It is the only yaku set at 6 han, where the number drops to 5 han when opened. |
Daburu riichi
「ダブルリーチ」 |
Riichi is declared with a dealt hand before the first discard. |
Haitei raoyue
「海底撈月」 |
The hand is completed with the last tile on the wall. |
Honitsu
「混一色」 |
This is a single suit hand mixed with some honor tiles. |
Honroutou
「混老頭」 |
The hand is composed of nothing but all terminals and honors. † This hand may be considered as 4 han, because it is impossible to score this hand without either chii toitsu or toi toi. |
Houtei raoyui
「河底撈魚」 |
The hand is completed with the very last discarded tile. |
Iipeikou
「一盃口」 |
This hand includes two identical sequences. |
Ittsu
「一通貫」 |
This hand has a complete sequence of 1 through 9 of a single suit. As a note, the sequence of 1-9 are actually three groups of sequences numbered 123, 456, and 789. |
Junchan
「純全帯么」 |
All sets contain at least one terminal. |
Menzen tsumo
「門前清自摸和」 |
This yaku may apply to any closed hand. Any player who draws a winning tile with a closed hand is awarded this yaku. |
Nagashi mangan
「流し満貫」 |
All the discards are terminals and/or honors. In addition, none of these discards were called by other players. |
Pinfu
「平和」 |
Typically known as "all sequences", this is a hand that does not gain fu based on composition, other than that of a closed ron. |
Riichi
「立直」 |
This is a special yaku applied to closed tenpai hands, which requires the player to make a declaration and "wager". |
Ippatsu
「一発」 |
This is applied when the player calling riichi wins within 4 tile draws/discards. In addition, the cycle must not be interrupted by tile calls. |
Rinshan kaihou
「嶺上開花」 |
This yaku is awarded upon winning with a tile from the dead wall. |
Ryanpeikou
「二盃口」 |
This hand has two sets of "iipeikou". This hand does not combine with chii toitsu, even though the hand can be interpreted as one. |
Sanankou
「三暗刻」 |
The hand includes three sets of triplets that have been formed without calling any tiles. The fourth set can be an open triplet or sequence. |
Sankantsu
「三槓子」 |
Three kans are called for this hand. |
Sanshoku or Sanshoku doujun
「三色同順」 |
Three sequences have the same number across the three different suits. |
Sanshoku doukou
「三色同刻」 |
The hand includes three groups of triplets with the same number. |
Shousangen
「小三元」 |
The hand contains two sets of 3 dragon tiles and a pair of the third dragon tiles. † This hand may be considered as 4 han, because it is impossible to score this hand without two sets of yakuhai, from the two sets of dragons. |
Tanyao
「断幺九」 |
A hand composed of only inside (numbers 2-8) tiles |
Toitoi
「対々」 |
The entire hand is composed of triplets. |
Yakuhai
「役牌」 |
A hand with at least one group of dragon tiles, seat wind, or round wind tiles. This hand can be valued at 1 han for each group. |
Yakuman
This is a specific set of "yaku", known as yakuman.
Chiihou
「地和」 |
The non-dealer hand is a winning hand after the first draw. |
Chinroutou
「清老頭」 |
Every group of tiles are composed of terminal tiles. |
Chuuren poutou
「九連宝燈 |
A hand consisting of the tiles 1112345678999 in the same suit plus any one extra tile of the same suit. |
Daisangen
「大三元」 |
This has possesses three groups of all the dragons. |
Daisuushii
「大四喜」 |
This hand has four groups of all four wind tiles. |
Kazoe yakuman
「数え役満」 |
This is a special class of yakuman, where a hand is composed of 13+ han based on the combination of above regular yaku and/or dora. |
Kokushi musou
「国士無双 |
This hand has one of each of the 13 different terminal and honor tiles plus one extra terminal or honour tile. Some rules may allow double yakuman for a 13-wait set. |
Ryuuiisou
「緑一色」 |
A hand composed entirely of green tiles: 2, 3, 4, 6 and 8 Sou and/or Hatsu. |
Shousuushii
「小四喜」 |
This hand has three groups of the wind tiles plus a pair of the fourth kind. |
Suuankou
「四暗刻 |
This hand is composed of four sets of closed triplets. When this hand has a shanpon pattern and the win is via ron, then it would not be counted as suu ankou. |
Suukantsu
「四槓子」 |
This hand with four Kan's. |
Tenhou
「天和」 |
The dealer hand is a winning hand even before discarding a tile. |
Tsuuiisou
「字一色」 |
Every group of tiles are composed of honor tiles. |